Matrices and

Determinants
Lecture-1

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Sameer Chincholikar
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12th Grade Schedule

Date Day Topic Sub-Topic

10 May Friday Graphical Transformation L-1

11 May Saturday Graphical Transformation L-2

12 May Sunday Matrices and Determinants L-1

11th Grade Schedule

Date Day Topic Sub-Topic

13 May Monday Trigonometry L-5

14 May Tuesday Trigonometry L-6

15 May Wednesday Trigonometry L-7

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JEELIVE
Matrices
Definition

A set of (m×n) numbers arranged in the form of an ordered

set of m rows and n columns is called m × n matrix.

A=
[aij]mxn where aij represents the element at the
intersection of ith row and jth column.
Type of Matrices
Square Matrix

A matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the

number of column.

Example:
Horizontal Matrix

Matrix in which number of columns are more than

number of rows.

Example:
 Vertical Matrix

Matrix in which number of rows are more than number of

x columns.

Example:
Row Matrix

A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix.

Example:
Column Matrix

A matrix having only one column is called a column

matrix.

Example:
Diagonal Matrix

A square matrix A = [aij]n×n is called a diagonal matrix if

aij = 0 for all i ≠ j

A diagonal matrix of order n×n having d1, d2, ... dn as

diagonal elements is denoted by diag [d1, d2, ... , dn]

Example:
Scalar Matrix

A diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal elements are

equal.

Example:
Identity or Unit Matrix

A diagonal Matrix in which all diagonal elements are equal

to one.

The identity matrix of order n is denoted by In .

Example:
Null Matrix

A matrix whose all elements are zero is called a null matrix

or a zero matrix.

Example:
Upper Triangular Matrix

A square matrix A = [aij] is called an upper triangular

matrix if aij = 0 for all i > j.

Example:
Lower Triangular Matrix

A square matrix A = [aij] is called an upper triangular

matrix if aij = 0 for all i > j.

Example:
Operations of Matrices
Equality of Matrices

Two matrices of same order are equal if their

corresponding elements are equal.
Example

Find the value of x + y + z

A. 0 B. 1 C. -2 D. 6
Addition of Matrices

Addition of two matrices is possible only if they are of same

order.

The resultant matrix is obtained by addition of

corresponding elements of two given matrices

A = [aij]

B = [bij]

If C = A + B

⇒ [cij] = [aij] + [bij]

Example:

If

Then: A + B =
Properties of Matrix Addition

1. Matrix addition is commutative A + B = B + A

2. Matrix addition is associative A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

3. Cancellation Law holds. i.e; If : A + B = A + C ⇒ B = C

Subtraction of Matrices

Subtraction of two matrices is possible only if they are of

same order.

The resultant matrix is obtained by subtraction of

corresponding elements of two given matrices

A = [aij]
B = [bij]
If C = A - B
⇒ [cij] = [aij] - [bij]
 Multiplication of Matrix with a scalar

The scalar gets multiplied in every element of the matrix.

Example:

If

Then:
Multiplication of two matrices

Matrix multiplication is done ROW by COLUMN.

For the two matrices Amxn and Bpxq , the multiplication

(A x B) is possible only if number of columns of A is equal to
the number of rows of B. i.e.; n=p

The resultant matrix C will be of the order m x q

Example

Find AB and BA.

Properties of Matrix Multiplication

1. In general, AB ≠ BA. i.e; commutative property does

not hold. They may be equal for special set of matrices
A and B.

2. Multiplication of matrices is distributive with respect to

a addition of matrices A (B + C) = AB + AC

3. Matrix multiplication is associative if conformability is

assured A (BC) = (AB) C
Properties of Matrix Multiplication
4. If AB = 0 then it does not necessarily mean that A = 0 or
B = 0 or both are 0

5. AIn = InA = A
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