Hi mo

Ecological Solid Waste Management Awareness and Practices

of Households in areas of Brgy.Malacañang,Fort

Magsaysay,Nueva Ecija

Aquino, Jomar S.

Carganilla, Rachelle Ruth A.

Combe, Allen Glenn F.

Enriquez, Mikka G.

Galisanao, Finiel B.

Munsayac, Lorenz Josh S.

Rivera, Breian Jetson R.

Santos, Bricney R.

Grade 11 STEM-1 students, PHINMA Araullo University,

Maharlika Highway, Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

3100 Philippines
Hi mo

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the ecological solid

waste management awareness and practices of households in

areas of Barangay Malacanang namely Purok V, Purok VI, Purok

VII. This will provide information on analyzing the

compliance of the residents on Republic Act No. 9003. The

researcher will also determine if there will be a significant

relationship among socio-demographic profile, awareness and

practices of the ecological solid waste management. The study

will interview-survey method in determining the current

ecological solid waste management practices of households in

the coastal area of the said barangay. In determining the

awareness of the respondents, they will answer a 15-item

multiple choice questions about the ecological solid waste

management. This study is supported by Republic Act Number

9003 also known as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of

2000. RA No. 9003 was passed by the Philippine Congress on

December 20, 2000 and was subsequently approved by the Office

of the President on January 26, 2001. The respondents of this

study will be the selected households in coastal areas of

Barangay Malacanang, Fort Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija. Researcher

will focus on interviewing the family member who manages their

waste at home. A probability sampling will be done in order

Hi mo

to ensure an equal chance of representation of the population

to be included in the sample. To gather the needed data, the

researcher will utilize a survey questionnaire. This

questionnaire will be answered by the selected household

respondents. Interview method will be conducted to gather

more information. Prior to the conduct of the study, the

researcher will first ask permission by providing a request

letter to the Barangay Captain of Barangay Malacang, Fort

Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija. After the approval of the Barangay

Captain, all the needed data in the study will be gathered

through survey questionnaires and interview.

INTRODUCTION

According to Wendell Berry, the Earth is what the people

all have in common. Every individual are responsible for
whatever problem the earth is facing right now. Increasing
temperature that results to the melting of glaciers,
deforestation, pollution and unsanitary condition are all
results of human mismanagement.

About 35,580 tons of garbage is generated in the

Philippines everyday (jstage.jp).Of the total of 2.7 million
tons a year of plastic waste, about 84% or 2.27 million tons
are collected. About 16% or 432,000 tons are uncollected
(businessmirror.ph). From a press interview of Environment
Hi mo

Secretary Roy Cimatu, he agrees that plastic, particularly

those for single-use packaging, has greatly contributed to
the degradation of the environment. He pointed out that
plastic pollution continues to poison our oceans and injure
marine life. When not properly disposed, they clot waterways
and cause flooding.

It realized that every human being are all a community

that has the Earth in common and deep down, even if the people
don’t realize it, they want the best for it. Together every
individual believes that human being can become one as a
community and help the Earth become clean, thriving and
eternal. It believes that in order for a community to thrive,
everyone must do their part. According to Bethany Kogut (2015)

Waste management is all of the activities that handle

waste materials, from the time it is made to its disposal.

This includes how your business collects, transports,

processes, recycles or disposes its waste. Managing what a
person waste in your business can equate to lost opportunities
or profits. Waste management is about being more efficient
with raw materials and making the most of each stage of the
production process. (business.gov, 2018)

Waste mismanagement has serious environmental effects

making the passage of Republic Act NO. 9003 or known as

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 that declares

the policy of the state in adopting a systematic,
comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program
that ensures the protection of public health and the
environment and the proper segregation, collection,
transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste
through the formulation and adoption of best environmental
practices.

The compliance of every Filipino to the law starts at

home so every member of the family should know how to managed
garbage. Thus, they must be well-informed about proper waste
Hi mo

handling and management. Thus, the study aims to determine

the awareness and practices on solid waste management of
households in Barangay namely. This will provide information
on analyzing the compliance of the residents on Republic Act
No. 9003. The result of the study will help the Sangguniang
Barangay to enforce the existing policies in the barangay and
formulate new barangay ordinances and programs to practice
the solid waste management.

Statement of the Problem

This study deals to determine the ecological solid waste
management awareness and practices of households in coastal
areas of Barangay Malacanang, Fort Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija.
Specifically, this study wants to answer the following
questions:
1. How may the profile of the respondents be described in
terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Highest Educational Attainment
1.3 Monthly Household Income
2. How may the level of awareness on ecological solid waste
management of households be described?
3. How may the ecological solid waste management
practices of the households be described?
4. What is the relationship between the demographic profile
of participants and the level of awareness on Ecological
Solid Waste Management;
5. What is the relationship between the demographic profile
of participants and the Ecological Solid Waste Management
practices?
6. What is the relationship between the level of awareness
and ecological solid waste management practices of the
household respondents?
7. What are the recommendations of the respondents to
improve the solid waste management at home?

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study determine the ecological
solid waste management awareness and practices of

households in coastal areas of Barangay Malacanang, Fort

Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija. The result of this study will serve
as an important guide and motivation for concerned
authorities and agencies especially the Brgy. Malacanang
Hi mo

and the Department of Environment and Natural

Resources(DENR) to take immediate action which depends to
the outcome of this study. Survey questionnaire and
interview method will be used to gather the needed data.

Research Questions/Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the socio-

demographic profile of respondents and the level of
awareness on ecological solid waste management.

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the socio-

demographic profile of respondents and the ecological solid
waste management practices.

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the level

of awareness of the household participants and their
ecological solid waste management practices.

Definition of Terms

Awareness refers to knowledge and perception about solid

waste management.

Disposal refers to the discharge, deposit, dumping,

spilling, leaking or placing of any solid waste into or in
any land.

Ecological solid waste management (ESWM) refers to the

systematic administration of activities which provide for
segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage,
transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid
waste and all other waste management activities which do
not harm the environment.

Household refers to the people in a family living

together in one house.

LGU pertains to Local Government Unit of Barangay

Malacanang, Fort Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija.

Practices pertain to repeated or customary action on

solid waste management.
Hi mo

Recycling refers to the treating of used or waste

materials through a process of making them suitable for
beneficial use and for other purposes.

Reduce refers to the process of minimizing waste

production.

Re-use refers to the process of recovering materials

intended for the same or different purpose without the
alteration of physical and chemical characteristics.

Segregation refers to a solid waste management practice of

separating different materials found in solid waste in order
to promote recycling and reuse of resources and to reduce the
volume of waste for collection and disposal.

Socio-demographic Profile is the characteristics of

population which includes age, highest educational attainment
and household monthly income.

Solid waste pertains to all discarded household, commercial

waste, nonhazardous institutional and industrial waste,
street sweepings, construction debris, agriculture waste, and
other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid waste.

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The study will use interview-survey method to

determine the current ecological solid waste management

practices of households in the coastal areas of Brgy.

Malacañang, Fort Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija. It will use a

researcher-designed survey instrument that established the

level of awareness of the respondents-households on R.A.

9003, barangay’s program on ESWM, and importance and impacts

Hi mo

of ESWM; their level of awareness and extent of implementation

of solid waste management practices.

Sampling

The respondents of this study will be the selected

households in coastal areas of Barangay Malacañang, Fort

Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija. Researcher will focus on interviewing

the family member who manages their waste at

home.

A probability sampling will be done in order to

ensure an equal chance of representation of the population to

be included in the sample. Sample size was derived from each

barangay using the Slovin formula, which is as

follows;

n =

Where:

n = the sample size

N = the population size

e = the desired margin of error

Table 1.Respondents of the Study

Hi mo

Instrumentation
To gather the needed data, the researcher will
utilize a survey questionnaire. This questionnaire will be
answered by the selected household respondents. Interview
method will be conducted to gather more information. The data
gathered will be used to describe the socio-demographic
profile and to evaluate the level of awareness and practices
of the ESWM of the household
participants.
The survey questionnaire has three parts: the first
part consists of needed data on the socio-demographic profile
of respondents; the second part and third part comprises of
questions about awareness and practices on ESWM respectively.
Data Collection and Analysis Procedure
To gather the needed data, the researcher will first
ask permission by providing a request letter to the Barangay
Captain of Barangay Malacañang, Fort Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija.
After the approval of the Barangay Captain, all the needed
data in the study will be gathered through survey
questionnaires and interview. The researcher will interview
the selected household respondents of Purok V, Purok VI, Purok
VII using the survey questionnaire. Random sampling will be
used in selecting the respondents. The researcher will
prepare a draw lots to select the sample households in each
Sitio.

After gathering the needed data, the researcher will

Areas of Malacañang No. of Households Sample Size

Purok V 25 15

Purok VI 19 12

Purok VII 20 12

Total 63 39

tally, tabulate, analyze and interpret the results.

Data Analysis
Hi mo

After the questionnaire are collected by the

researchers, data will be gathered and will translated to the
following statistical measures;
Percentage. This tool is used to calculate the
percentage of respondents’ profile. Also, This will be used
to know how many of the respondents gave a particular answer
with all the stated questions on the survey.
The following formula will use:
𝑓
𝑃 = 𝑛 𝑥100

Where:

P= percentage
f= frequency
N= total number of cases

Weighted Mean:

This tool is use to answer the question about “awareness on

solid waste management” and “solid waste management
practices”.

The formula for weighted mean is as follows:

∑𝒘𝑿
𝑊𝑀 = ∑𝒘

Where:

WM= weighted mean

∑= summation sign

W= weighted factor

X= observes phenomenon

The weighted mean was verbally describe using the following:

Level of Ecological waste management

Awareness and Practices

Verbal Description Weighted mean
Always doing 3.25-4.00
Hi mo

Often doing 2.50-3.24

Seldom doing 1.74-2.49
Never doing 1.00-1.74

Protection of Human Rights

Prior to the respondents’ profile and data, utmost
confidentiality will be assured to protect their privacy. The
subject’s participation to the study will be voluntary so
they can choose to withdraw from the study at any time.
Subjects’ confidentiality will be protected by allowing them
to write their names optionally in the survey questionnaire
and by handling and keeping the answered survey questionnaire
carefully in a secure cabinet or any container. Also, they
shall receive a copy of the finished research if they will
request for it.

Discussion/Significance of the Study

The results of the study will be a great benefit to the
following:

Residents. The outcome will provide information to the

residents about the practices they should exhibit at their
home. This will also encourage the youth to practice the solid
waste management.

Local Government Unit – The data will serve as reference or

guide to the LGUs in formulating a system, ordinances and
programs to mitigate the problem on solid waste management.

National Government. The result will lead the National

Government to provide technical and support to the LGUs in
the development and implementation of local solid waste
management plans and programs.
Future Researchers. The result will provide data about the
awareness and practices of households on solid waste
management. This will also serve as a reference for further
study.
Hi mo

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The result and discussion on the findings relative to study

are arranged in the following:

Table 2.Percentage described the respondents’ awareness

level on Ecological solid waste management of households.

Item A B c D
no.
1 8.21% 7.29% 7.14% 77.36%
2 18.04% 15.38% 56.41% 10.56%
3 0.00% 15.38% 82.05% 2.59%
4 71.79% 0.00% 20.51% 7.69%
5 7.69% 28.20% 20.51% 43.58%
6 30.76% 20.51% 5.12% 43.58%
7 23.07% 7.69% 66.66% 2.56%
8 20.51% 30.76% 38.46% 10.25%
9 15.38% 56.41% 25.64% 2.56%
10 2.56% 10.25% 12.82% 74.35%
11 33.33% 10.25% 17.94% 38.46%
12 35.89% 5.12% 41.02% 17.94%
13 61.53% 12.82% 10.25% 15.38%
14 23.07% 53.84% 15.38% 7.69%
15 10.25% 12.82% 74.35% 2.56%
As shown in the table, it shows the majority of the
respondents who have knowledge on awareness on Solid waste
management in Brgy. Malacanang, Fort Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija.
Hi mo

This implies that most of the respondents are knowledgeable

on Solid Waste Management
Table 3. Summary of Practices on Solid Waste Management

4 3 2 1 VERBAL
STATEMENTS ALWAYS OFTEN SELDOM NEVER TWF WM DESCRIP
TION

f wf f wf f wf f wf

SEGREGATION

1 19 76 9 27 11 22 0 0 125 3.21 OFTEN

DOING
2 11 44 13 39 15 30 0 0 113 2.89 OFTEN
DOING
3 12 48 9 27 18 36 0 0 111 2.85 OFTEN
DOING
4 8 32 14 42 16 32 1 1 107 2.74 OFTEN
DOING
5 13 52 15 45 9 18 2 2 117 3 OFTEN
DOING
6 12 48 21 63 6 12 0 0 123 3.15 OFTEN
DOING
As shown in the table, all of the respondents were often

doing in segregation practices on solid waste management

Table 3.1 Summary of Practices on Solid Waste Management

REDUCE

1 12 48 5 15 19 38 3 3

2 11 44 14 42 12 24 2 2 112 2.87 OFTEN

DOING
Hi mo

3 10 40 16 48 12 24 1 1 113 2.89
OFTEN
DOING
4 9 36 14 42 16 32 0 0 110 2.82 OFTEN
DOING
5 4 12 21 63 9 18 5 5 98 2.51 OFTEN
DOING
6 17 68 15 45 7 14 0 0 127 3.26 ALWAYS
DOING
As shown in the table, most of the respondents again

were often doing in reduce practices on solid waste

management.

Table 3.2 Summary of Practices on Solid Waste Management

REUSE
1 11 44 12 36 5 10 11
OFTEN 11 101 2.59
DOING
2 15 60 13 39 6 12 5 5 116 2.97 OFTEN
DOING
3 10 40 26 78 1 2 2 2 122 3.13 OFTEN
DOING
4 16 64 9 27 9 18 5 5 114 2.92 OFTEN
DOING
5 19 76 11 33 9 18 0 0 127 3.26 ALWAYS
DOING
6 10 40 17 51 8 16 4 4 111 2.85 OFTEN
DOING
As shown in the table, most of the respondents again

were often doing in reuse practices on solid waste management.

Table 3.3 Summary of Practices on Solid Waste Management

RECYCLE
1 7 28 17 51 6 12 9 9 100 2.56 OFTEN
DOING
2 9 36 16 48 13 26 2 2 112 2.87 OFTEN
DOING
3 15 60 15 45 6 12 3 3 120 3.08 OFTEN
DOING
4 7 28 11 33 15 30 6 6 97 2.49 SELDOM
DOING
Hi mo

5 5 20 19 57 10 20
OFTEN5 5 102 2.62
DOING
6 10 40 19 57 5 10 5 5 112 2.87 OFTEN
DOING
As shown in the table, most of the respondents again

were often doing in recycle practices on solid waste

management.

Table 3.4 Summary of Practices on Solid Waste Management

DISPOSAL
1 6 24 15 45 17 34
OFTEN1 1 104 2.67
DOING
2 19 76 12 36 4 8 4 4 124 3.18 OFTEN
DOING
3 14 56 12 36 12 24 1 1 117 3 OFTEN
DOING
4 5 20 21 63 12 24 1 1 108 2.77 OFTEN
DOING
5 13 52 21 63 4 8 2 2 125 3.21 OFTEN
DOING
6 10 40 23 69 5 10 1 1 120 3.08 OFTEN
DOING
As shown in the table, most of the respondents again

were often doing in disposal practices on solid waste

management.

CONCLUSION

Waste management activities generate potential

environmental benefits if managed properly . But some of us
were not aware about this Solid Waste Management Plan, There
has been hardly any effort in the past to create community
awareness, either about the likely perils due to poor waste
management or the simple steps that every citizen can take.
Hi mo

This could have helped in reducing waste generation and

promote effective waste management. But this scenario has
changed. Nowadays more and more people are taking interest in
environmental issues, as they have started to experience the
ill-effects of ecological issues. But this can change by being
aware other residents of our community about it.

In this study, researchers conclude that the respondents

of Brgy. Malacañang, Fort Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija are
knowledgeable and aware about the Solid Waste Management Plan
yet we still need to improve our knowledge and awareness about
it by conducting some community programs that will lead us to
be aware about this Solid Waste Management plan, Therefore,
the researchers also conclude that most of the respondents
were often doing the practices of Solid Waste Management even
though some of them are not knowledgeable about it because
they show their care in our environment. We can all help our
environment by simply being aware about this Solid Waste
Management Plan and Practices
Hi mo

LITERATURE CITED

Pagunsan, Junelyn & Shimada, Koji. (2012). Efficiency

Evaluation of Philippines Waste Management Sector: A Two
Stage Approach

Dr. Cherry I. Ultra & Prof. Allan A. Ultra. Solid Waste

Management Practices of Households in the University of
Eastern Philippines

CHUNG, S. AND C. POON. 1996. The Attitudinal Differences in

Source Sepearation and Waste Reduction between the General
Public and Housewives in Hongkong. Journal of Environmental
Management. Academic Press Limited. 48: 215-227

FIRTH, J. et al. 1995. The Past, Present, Future of Waste

Management in Wales: ACase Study of the
Environmental Problems in Small European Region, Journal of
Environmental Management, Academic Press Limited, 44:163-
179.

MANTELL, C. 1975. Sold Wastes: Origin, Collection, Processing

and Disposal, John Willey & Sons, New York.

NESTOR, d. 1994. Issues in the Design of Recycling Policy:

the Case of Old Newspapers. Journal of Environmental
Management. Academic Press Limited (1994).40:245-256.