THE NEUMAN’S SYSTEM MODEL
PREVENTION AS INTERVENTION
Betty Neuman
 1924 born on a farm near Lowell, Ohio.
MAJOR CONCEPTS
1. FUNCTION OR PROCESS
 The client as a system exchanges energy,
information, and matter with the environment as
well as other parts and subparts of the system as it
uses available energy resources to move toward
stability and wholeness.
 Ano ang ginagawa sa katawan ng system natin
2. INPUT AND OUTPUT
 For the client as a system, input and output are
the matter, energy, and information that are
exchanged between the client and the
environment
 May feedback
3. FEEDBACK
 System output in the form of matter, energy,
and information serves as feedback for future
input for corrective action to change, enhance,
or stabilize the system.
 Interaction with environment
 Dapat naiintindihan ng kausap ang input para
may process
4. NEGENTROPY
 The process of energy conservation that assists
system in the progression toward stability or
wellness is negentropy
 Physics term; chemodynamics; entropy +
 Is positive in nursing
 ↑ bonus, salary, benefits will lead to ↑ in
retention and leads to stability
5. STABILITY
 Stability is a dynamic and desirable state of balance
in which energy exchanges can take place without
disruption of the character of the system, which
points toward optimal health and integrity
 Stable; equilibrium
6. CREATED ENVIRONMENT
 Is developed unconsciously by the client to
express system wholeness symbolically
 internal envi – within yourself
 external envi – like F.N she manipulated the
environment
7. REACTION
 represents system instability that occurs when
stressors invade the normal line of defense
 stress  malungkot
8.
 purposeful actions to help the client retain,
attain, or maintain system stability
CAPLAN’S 3 PREVENTIONS
1. Primary Prevention
 is used when a stressor is suspected or
identified. A reaction has not yet occurred.
 Health promotion; immunization,
vaccination
 May nararamdaman pero walang sakit
2. Secondary Prevention
 involves interventions or treatment
initiated after symptoms from stress have
occurred.
 May sakit na; may treatment; career-
medical approach
 “early detection”
3. Tertiary Prevention
 occurs after the active treatment or
secondary prevention stage. It focuses on
readjustment toward optimal client system
stability.
 Magaling na; rehabilitation; readaptation
 ay surveillance pa rin; yearly check up
9. Reconstitution
 Reconstitution occurs after treatment for
stressor reactions.
 Stressorstreatmentreconstitution
 Free from illness
4 METAPARADIGMS
NURSING
 Neuman believes that nursing is concerned with
the whole person.
 Not holistic but wholistic 5 variables
(psychological, psychosocial, physiological etc.)
PERSON
 Interacting w/ envi; person helps the envi or
reciprocal
ENVIRONMENT
 Neuman defines environment as all the internal
and external factors that surround and
influence the client system.
 External envi affects you internally, yung
lumalabas sayo ay reflection mo
HEALTH
 Dynamic in culture & constantly changing
 Adapt  reconstitution
LOGICAL FORM
Deductive – system is general; General ang Systems
Theory
 Input and output
 Holistic- physiological, psychological,etc.
Inductive – primary, secondary, tertiary, theory
THE ROY ADAPTATION MODEL
Sister Callista Roy
OCTOBER 14, 1939 was born in Los Angeles, California
MAJOR CONCEPTS
1. SYSTEM
 Set of parts connected to function as a whole
forms purpose and that does so by virtue of the
interdependence of its parts.
2. ADAPTATION LEVEL
 The condition of the life processes described on
3 levels as integrated, compensatory, and
compromised.
3. STIMULOUS
1. FOCAL STIMULUS – internal or External stimulus
most immediately confronting the human system.
– present stimulus; requirement
2. CONTEXTUAL STIMULI – are all other stimuli
present in the situation that contribute to the effect of
the Focal Stimulus.
– fam mem. got sick because of fam
history; aging lifestyle; nag-move out sa ibang place
3. RESIDUAL STIMULI – are environmental factor
within or without the human system with effects in the
current situation that are unclear.
– beliefs
4. COPING PROCESS
 are innate or acquired ways of interacting with
then changing environment.
• INNATE COPING PROCESS - Genetically
determined or common to the species and
are generally viewed as automatic process
humans don't have to think about them
– Within yourself; defense mechanisms;
↑ blood flow, dadaan macrophage,
inflammation
– System; brain sends other to fighting
mode
• ACQUIRED COPING MECHANISM - “learning”
the experiences encountered throughout life
contribute to customary responses to
stimuli.
– nung bata ka napaso ka sa takure,
nung lumaki ka na di mo na hinawakan
5. SUBSYTEM
• REGULATOR SUBSYSTEM - Major coping
process involving the neural, chemical, and
endocrine system.
– renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
• COGNATOR SUBSYSTEM - Involves 4
cognitive-emotive channels; perceptual and
information processing, learning, judgement,
and emotion.
– brain
6. RESPONSES
• ADAPTIVE RESPONSE - Promote integrity in
terms of the goals of human system.
– Nung 1st day of school, di moa lam
malamig pala sa room kaya di ka
nagdala ng jacket. Nung 2nd day
nagdala ka na.
• INNEFECTIVE RESPONSE - do not contribute to
integrity terms of the goals of the human
system.
– alam mo nang malamig di ka pa rin
nagdala ng jacket.
7. INTEGRATED LIFE PROCESS - Adaptation level at
which the structures and functions of a life process
are working as a whole to meet human needs.
– Di na nagkatime sa jowa kakaaral.
4 ADAPTIVE MODES
8. SELF-CONCEPT-GROUP IDENTITY MODE
 The Psychological and Spiritual aspects of
the human system.
 Self-concept mode has been identified as
the one who need to know that one can be
or exist with a scene of unity or meaning in
the universe.
9. GROUP IDENTITY MODE
 is interpersonal relationship group self-image
and identity integrity.
 Lahat sa group kilalang matatalino
10. ROLE FUNCTION MODE
 Focuses the roles the person occupies in
occupying on position behaves toward a person
occupying another position.
 PRIMARY ROLE behavior engaged by a person
during a period of life.
– Age & sex; toddler’s role is to play
around
  SECONDARY ROLE person assumes to complete
the task associated with a development stage
and primary role.
– may trabaho na
 TERTIARY ROLE related to primary and
secondary role in which individuals meet their
role associated obligations.
– Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; optional
– Lahat ng CEO, COO ng kumpanya gold
ang nilalaro
11. INTERDEPENDENCE MODE
 Close relationship of people and their purpose,
structure, and development.
MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS
Roy combined assumptions from System's Theory and
Adaptation Level Theory to form a single set of Scientific
Assumptions.
SYSTEM'S THEORY
 Human adaptive systems are viewed as
interactive parts that act in unity for some
purpose.
ADAPTATION - LEVEL THEORY
 Describes the process by which a person
becomes insensitive to the effects of constant
stimuli.
• The person is a bio-psycho-social being.
• The person is in constant interaction with a
changing environment.
• To cope with the changing world, person uses both
innate and acquired mechanism which are
biological, psychological and social in origin.
• Health and illness are inevitable dimensions of the
person's life.
• To respond positively to environmental changes, a
person must adapt.
• The person's adaption is a function of the stimulus
he is exposed to and his adaptation level.
• The person's adaptation level is such that it
comprises a zone indicating the range of stimulation
that will lead to a positive response.
4 METAPARADIGMS
NURSING
 “Health care profession that focuses on human
life processes and patterns and emphasizes
promotion of health for individuals, families,
groups, and society as a whole”
 Kapag hindi naka-adapt, magkakasakit
PERSON
 Humans are holistic, “As an adaptive system,
the human system is described as a whole with
parts that function unity for some purpose.
Human system includes people as individuals or
in group, including families, organization,
communities, and society as a whole.
ENVIRONMENT
 All the conditions, circumstances and
influencers surrounding and affecting the
development and behavior of persons or groups
with particular consideration of the mutuality of
person and earth resources that includes focal,
contextual stimuli.
HEALTH
 “Health is a state and process of being and
becoming integrated and a whole person. It is a
reflection of adaption, that is the interaction of
the person and the environment.
ADAPTATION
 Responding positively to environmental
changes. The process and outcome of
individuals and groups who use conscious
awareness, self reflection and choice to create
human and environmental integration