Submission Deadline: 19/09/19

CE-712: Digital Image Processing of Remotely Sensed Data

Tutorial Exercise 5

This exercise will give a brief exposure to Color composite and method to extract different
features from the Image which you have used in your last exercise using QGIS and to study
those feature characteristics using Matlab.

A multispectral image consists of several bands of data. For visual display, each band of the
image may be displayed one band at a time as a grey scale image, or in combination of three
bands at a time as a color composite image.

In displaying a color composite image, three primary colors (red, green and blue) are used. When
these three colors are combined in various proportions, they produce different colors in the
visible spectrum. Associating each spectral band (not necessarily a visible band) to a separate
primary color results in a color composite image.

True Color Composite

If a multispectral image consists of the three visual primary color bands (red, green, blue), the
three bands may be combined to produce a "true color" image. For example, the bands 3 (red
band), 2 (green band) and 1 (blue band) of a LANDSAT image can be assigned respectively to
the R, G, and B colors for display. In this way, the colors of the resulting color composite image
resemble closely what would be observed by the human eyes.

False Color Composite (FCC)

The display color assignment for any band of a multispectral image can be done in an entirely
arbitrary manner. In this case, the color of a target in the displayed image does not have any
resemblance to its actual color. The resulting product is known as a false color composite image.
There are many possible schemes of producing false color composite images. However, some
scheme may be more suitable for detecting certain objects in the image. You can explore the
different possible combination suitable for different features.

Methodology to extract a particular feature (lake, vegetation, etc.) using QGIS

1) Start QGIS, the Home Page of the QGIS is as shown below

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2) To stack multiple band to obtain a single image, go to Merge option as shown in figure
below.

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3) In merge window select all the band images for the Landsat data which you have used in
your previous experiment. And give the output file destination and name.

4) Click on the option “Place each input file into a separate band”, then click OK

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5) Wait for the process to get over, once it is over you will get a message as shown below.

6) After obtaining the merged Image you can adjust the colour composite by adjusting the
color scheme from layer styling window

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 7) To extract the feature, suppose Lake in the image below select the Clipper option from
Raster toolbox as shown below

8) Then from clipper select Extent as the clipping mode, then by using mouse pointer select
the region of interest. The coordinates gets updated automatically.

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9) After selecting the region of interest, from Input raster select B1 Image, and provide the
output directory and file name. Repeat the same procedure for all other bands without
closing the clipper window.

10) Import the extracted feature file in Matlab as done in Lab Exercise 1 and create the
Histogram for the same.

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Assignment.

1) Extract any four distinct features (lake, vegetation, builtup etc.) for your hometown
Landsat image for all the available bands.
2) Create histogram for all the features with all the bands in Matlab.
3) Write the conclusion obtained from the histograms.
4) Try different combinations of FCC, give details of any two combinations suitable for
detecting any two distinct features.
5) Calculate variance covariance matrix between all bands of four distinct features extracted
in Q1.
6) Calculate correlation matrix between all bands of four distinct features extracted in Q1
and write your conclusion.
7) Create scatter plots for bands showing high correlation for individual features.