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Volatile residue:
evaporated temperature, 95 %, max
°C −38.3 2.2 2.2 −38.3
°F −37 36 36 −37 D1837
or
Butane and heavier, max, vol % 2.5 ... ... 2.5 D2163
Pentane and heavier, max, vol % ... 2.0 2.0 ... D2163
Propylene content, max, vol % ... ... ... 5.0 D2163
Residual matter:D
Residue on evaporation of 100 mL, 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 D2158
max, mL
E E E E
Oil stain observation pass pass pass pass D2158
F F F
Density at 15°C or relative density at ... D1657 or D2598
15.6/15.6°C (60/60°F)
Corrosion, copper, strip No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 D1838G
Sulfur, mg/kg (ppm mass) 185H 140H 140H 123H D2784 or D6667I
Hydrogen sulfide pass pass pass pass D2420
Moisture content pass ... ... pass D2713
Free water content ... noneJ noneJ ... ...
A
Equivalent to Propane HD-5 of GPA Standard 2140.
B
The permissible vapor pressures of products classified as PB mixtures shall not exceed 1430 kPa (208 psig) and additionally shall not exceed that calculated from the
following relationship between the observed vapor pressure and the observed relative density:
Vapor pressure,max 5 1167 2 1880 s relative density at 60/60°F d or 1167 2 1880 s relative density at 15.6/15.6°C d
A specific mixture shall be designated by the vapor pressure at 100°F in pounds per square inch gage. To comply with the designation, the vapor pressure of the mixture
shall be within +0 to −10 psi of the vapor pressure specified.
C
In case of dispute about the vapor pressure of a product, the value actually determined by Test Method D1267 shall prevail over the value calculated by Practice D2598
or measured by Test Method D6897.
D
See X1.2.4 for information about residues in LPG and for information about gas chromatographic tests for residues in LPG.
E
An acceptable product shall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 mL of solvent residue mixture is added to a filter paper, in 0.1-mL increments and examined in daylight
after 2 min as described in Test Method D2158.
F
Although not a specific requirement, the density or relative density can be needed for other purposes and should be reported. Additionally, the relative density of PB
mixture is needed to establish the permissible maximum vapor pressure (see Footnote B).
G
This method may not accurately determine the presence of reactive materials (for example, H2S, So) in liquefied petroleum gas if the product contains corrosion inhibitors
or other chemicals which diminish the reaction with the copper strip.
H
The total sulfur limits in these specifications do include sulfur compounds used for stenching purposes.
I
Test Method D6667 may be used as an alternative means of sulfur measurement for LPG samples within the range that has been validated in Test Method D6667.
J
The presence or absence of water may be determined by visual inspection of the samples on which the density or relative density is determined.
3.1.3 commercial propane, n—a hydrocarbon product for tive samples in accordance with Practice D1265 or Practice
use where high volatility is required. Commercial propane is D3700. In the event of a dispute involving sample integrity
suitable for certain low severity internal combustion engine when sampling for testing against D1835 requirements, Prac-
applications. tice D3700 shall be used as the referee sampling procedure.
3.1.4 special-duty propane, n—a product composed chiefly
5. Detailed Requirements
of propane which exhibits superior antiknock characteristics
and was specifically developed for use as fuel in spark ignition 5.1 The four types of liquefied petroleum gases shall con-
internal combustion engines. form to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
4. Sampling 6. Keywords
4.1 Proper sampling of liquefied gases is extremely impor- 6.1 butane; HD-5 propane; liquefied petroleum (LP) gases
tant if the test results are to be significant. Obtain representa- specifications; LPG; propane; special duty propane
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D1835 − 13
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
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D1835 − 13
X1.2.4 Residue—A measure of the concentration of soluble considerably. There have been reports from industry that LPG
hydrocarbon materials present in the product which are sub- has become corrosive towards copper during storage, distribu-
stantially less volatile than the liquefied petroleum gas product tion or use, especially after different batches of LPG containing
being sampled. Control of residue content is of importance in different sulfur species were mixed. LPG containing less than
applications where the fuel is used in liquid or vapor feed 50 ppm COS is believed to present a low risk of developing
systems (where fuel vapors are withdrawn from the top of the corrosivity towards copper although some producers have
LPG storage container). In either case, failure to limit the experienced corrosivity toward copper with as little as 3 to 4
permissible concentration of residue materials can result in ppm COS. LPG containing greater than 100 ppm COS presents
troublesome deposits or regulating equipment can become a greater risk under typical commercial conditions. COS can be
fouled, or both. In gas processing plants, LP gas generally is determined in LPG by gas chromatography using a pressurized
produced relatively free of residues, but the product can liquid sampling valve and selective sulfur detector. Test Meth-
become contaminated by heavier hydrocarbons and other ods D5504 and D5623 can be modified to measure COS in
organic compounds during distribution, especially in multi- liquid LPG samples.
product pipelines or while it is in contact with elastomers used X1.2.6 Sulfur Content—Limits are provided to more com-
in hoses. The current limit on residue contamination, while pletely define liquefied petroleum gas products. Historically
generally satisfactory for many conventional uses, may not be these products were lower in sulfur content than most other
suitable for newer applications such as fuel cells and micro- petroleum-derived fuels. This is generally no longer the case in
turbines without some form of remediation. areas where gasolines are typically below 30 mg/kg (ppm by
X1.2.4.1 Gas chromatographic residue Test Methods D7756 mass) sulfur and diesel fuels are less than 15 mg/kg (ppm by
and D7828 offer alternative ways to quantitatively analyze an mass) sulfur. The limit on sulfur content minimizes sulfur
LPG sample for soluble residues. LPG users who encounter oxide emissions and limits potential corrosion by exhaust gases
residue problems should consider analyzing the suspect LPG from combustion of LPG.
by Test Method D7756 or D7828 to gain information about the
composition and identification of residues. X1.2.7 Moisture Content—Limits the percent saturation of
the product with water. This measurement using Test Method
X1.2.5 Copper Corrosion—Limits are for the purpose of D2713 is a requirement only on the commercial and special
providing assurance that difficulties will not be experienced in duty propane types of liquefied petroleum gas which must be
the deterioration of the copper and copper-alloy fittings and subsaturated with water at temperatures above about –26°C.
connections which are commonly used in many types of The purpose of moisture content control is to provide assurance
utilization, storage, and transportation equipment. The copper that pressure reducing regulators and similar equipment will
corrosion test will detect the presence of elemental sulfur and operate consistently without troublesome freeze-ups caused by
hydrogen sulfide, which is highly toxic. Experience has shown the separation of dissolved water from the product. The
that the combination of H2S and elemental sulfur even at presence of an antifreeze agent such as methyl alcohol which
concentrations of less than 1 ppm can be very corrosive prevents separated water from freezing can allow use of
towards copper. The copper corrosion limits also provide propane containing excessive dissolved water in many appli-
assurance that the LP-Gas will not contain H2S in such cations.
quantities as to present a health and safety hazard if it is known
that the product does not contain corrosion inhibitors or other NOTE X1.1—Commercial propane and special duty propane should be
chemicals which diminish the reaction with the copper strip. In produced to comply with the moisture content requirement, and de-icer
additives should not routinely be used to pass dryness test requirements.
addition, Test Method D2420 is recommended as a field test That is, these products must be so dry that they are subsaturated with
and added safeguard to ensure that LP-Gas does not contain water at most ambient temperatures. They should be maintained dry
detectable amounts of hydrogen sulfide. during storage and distribution. A de-icer such as methyl alcohol (metha-
X1.2.5.1 Carbonyl sulfide (COS) can be present in LPG. nol) should not be added to these products without specific agreement and
approval of the purchaser. During short-term upsets in production, or
While COS in LPG is not itself corrosive towards copper, it can inadvertent contamination by trace water during storage or distribution,
hydrolyze and react to produce H2S, which is corrosive. The addition of 50 ppm methyl alcohol has proven to be acceptable to prevent
LPG copper corrosion test, Test Method D1838, is designed to valve freezing in normal applications. For guidance, based on historical
be severe, even encouraging hydrolysis and formation of experience and phase separation data, the maximum cumulative addition
aggressive sulfur species, by mandating that the test apparatus of methyl alcohol should not exceed 200 ppm by volume.
be water-wetted at the start of each test. Higher concentrations X1.2.8 Free Water Content—Of importance only on the
of COS can be tolerated in LPG because the rate of conversion commercial PB-mixtures and commercial butane type prod-
to H2S is normally low. However, under some conditions such ucts. These two types of products are normally used under
as higher temperatures, traces of free water, methanol, caustic, ambient conditions which are mild and, as a consequence, the
other sulfur species often found in LPG, and catalytically only requirement is vigilance to ensure that no free water is
active surfaces can increase the rate of conversion of COS present.
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D1835 − 13
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Subcommittee D02.H0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D1835–12) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2013.)
(1) Added reference to Test Method D7828 in subsection 2.1 (2) Clarified the effect of low concentrations of H2S elemental
and X1.2.4.1. sulfur and COS in X1.2.5 and X1.2.5.1.
Subcommittee D02.H0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D1835–11) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2012.)
(1) Modified Footnote D in Table 1. (4) Modified Footnote J in Table 1 to make it permissible, not
(2) Added X1.2.4.1 to inform users about Test Method D7756, mandatory, to observe a sample for free water while perform-
a gas chromatographic test method for residues in LPG. ing a density determination.
(3) Added Test Methods D5504 and D5623 to Referenced (5) Added X1.2.5.1 with information about a possible impact
Documents and standard text. of carbonyl sulfide on copper corrosion.
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