 When the particles in a mixture are the size of atoms or molecules.

A) solution
B) phase
C) homogeneous mixture
D) solubility

 2. the mixture appears to be too small to see the particles. example milk, cheese.

A) heterogeneous
B) solute
C) solution
D) homogeneous

 3. The substance that gets dissolved is called the________

A) material
B) solute
C) solution
D) solvent

 4. This does the dissolving, it's usually presented in greater amounts.

A) hydration
B) solute
C) solvent
D) solution

 5. Water is an example of a _____________

A) solute
B) chemical
C) mixture
D) solvent

 6. Solutes dissolve faster at ________ temperatures

A) freezing
B) high
C) low

 7. __________ is the largest amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific

amount of solvent. It depends on the temperature.
 A) Mixture
B) Solution
C) Surface Area
D) Solubility

 8. _________ is the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a

mixture or solution

A) Agitation
B) Solution
C) Dilute
D) Concentration

 9. Salad or trail mix is an example of a________________mixture.

A) heterogeneous
B) solution
C) concentration
D) homogeneous

 10. A_________ solution contains the maximum amount of solute. When no more
solute will dissolve. ex. sweetened tea

A) supersaturated
B) megasaturated
C) saturated
D) unsaturated

 11. A solution that contains a small amount of solute. More solute would dissolve if
added. Example: lightly sweet tea

A) megasaturated
B) unsaturated
C) supersaturated
D) saturated

 12. A ___________ solution contains TOO much solute and will not dissolve, but it
appears to be thick and crystalizes rapidly. Example: Overly sweetened tea where
the sugar doesn't have room to dissolve.

A) unsaturated
B) saturated
 C) supersaturated
D) megasaturated

 13. Lemonade, sodas, and salt water some are examples of______________

A) solutions
B) soot
C) mixtures
D) solute

 14. A combination of two or more substances that do not form a new substance.
Example: muddy water,

A) malleability
B) flatness ability
C) conductivity
D) ductility

 15. An example of suspension where mixtures separate is__________

A) malleability
B) alcohol and water
C) oil and water

 16. Will ignite easily, burn vigorously

A) Explosive
B) Combustible
C) Flammable

 17. Which of the following IS NOT a sign of a physical change

A) texture
B) hardness
C) odor
D) bubbles

 18. Which of the following is a sign of a chemical change

A) fizzing
B) sound
C) light
D) all of these
 19. If 500 L of a gas is collected at 75.6 kPa, and the volume was decreased by
125 L, what is the new pressure?

A) 302.4 kPa
B) 200.52 kPa
C) 18.9 kPa
D) 100.8 kPa

 20. At 101.3 kPa, 1.37 mL of a gas was collected. What is the volume at 103 kPa?

A) 103 mL
B) 1.35 mL
C) 7,615.99 kPa
D) 2.70 mL

 21. At .643 L and 12 degrees Celsius, what is the new temperature as the volume
is decreased to .500 L?

A) 9.33 degrees Celsius

B) 0.03 degrees Celsius
C) .03 L
D) 9.33 L

 22. At 1.64 L and -13 degrees Celsius, what is the new temperature if the volume
is decreased by .500 L?

A) -3.96 degrees Celsius

B) -9.04 degrees Celsius
C) 9.04 degrees Celsius
D) 3.96 degrees Celsius

 23. Melting candle wax: Physical or chemical change?

A) chemical
B) neither
C) physical

 24. Burning a candle: Physical or chemical change?

A) neither
B) physical
C) chemical
 25. Tearing paper: Physical or chemical change?

A) physical
B) neither
C) chemical

 26. Burning paper: Physical or chemical change?

A) chemical
B) neither
C) physical

 27. Dissolving table salt: Physical or chemical change?

A) physical
B) chemical
C) neither

 28. Cutting a piece of magnesium ribbon: Physical or chemical change?

A) chemical
B) neither
C) physical

 29. Adding hydrochloric acid to magnesium metal: Physical or chemical change?

A) neither
B) physical
C) chemical

 30. Penny flattened by a hammer: Physical or chemical change?

A) chemical
B) neither
C) physical

 31. Rusting water: Physical or chemical change?

A) physical
B) chemical
C) neither

 32. A glass of juice frozen, melted, and refrozen: Physical or chemical change?
 A) neither
B) chemical
C) physical

 33. Which factor will cause a solid to dissolve faster in a liquid?

A) Cool the solution

B) Use an already saturated solvent
C) Stir the solution
D) Use a larger lump of the solid

 34. Which of the following causes the greatest increase in the solubility of a gas in
a liquid?

A) Decreasing the temperature and increasing the pressure

B) Increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure
C) Increasing the temperature and the pressure
D) Decreasing the temperature and the pressure

 35. How does the solubility of a solid change when the temperature of the liquid
solvent is increased?

A) There is no change in the solubility

B) The solubility decreases
C) The solubility increases
D) The change in the solubility is unpredictable

 36. Sugar water containing more sugar than would normally dissolve at 20 degrees
Celsius is said to be __________.

A) saturated
B) supersaturated
C) unsaturated

 37. Sugar water containing all the sugar that would normally dissolve at 10 degrees
Celsius is said to be ________.

A) saturated
B) supersaturated
C) unsaturated

 38. Sugar water containing an extremely large amount of sugar (more than we
expected) is said to be ___________.
 A) unsaturated
B) saturated
C) supersaturated

 39. Sugar water containing a very small amount of sugar (less than we expected)
is considered ________.

A) saturated
B) unsaturated
C) supersaturated

 40. Which of the following is NOT a factor which affects the dissolving of solids in
liquids

A) thickness
B) temperature
C) particle size
D) movement
Answer Key

1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.C
16.C 17.D 18.D 19.D 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.C 25.A 26.A 27.A 28.C 2
9.C 30.C 31.B 32.C 33.C 34.A 35.C 36.B 37.A 38.C 39.B 40.A

Usually the instructor gives you a table of solubility curves. You must then state if a
solution is unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated.

The questions below give you an amount of solute is given and a temperature. If all the
solute could be dissolved in 100 g of water, would the resulting solution be unsaturated,
saturated, or supersaturated?
1. 60 g KCl at 60 °C.
2. 10 g KClO₃ at 60 °C.
3. 80 g NaNO₃ at 10 °C.
4. 80 g HCl at 20 °C.
5. 55 g NH₃ at 20 °C.
6. 60 g KClO₃ at 60 °C.
7. 125 g KNO₃ at 60 °C.
8. 65 g NH₄Cl at 100 °C.
9. 35 g NaCl at 100 °C
1. Is milk a solution or a mixture?

Hint: mixture

Milk may appear to be a homogeneous mixture to the unaided eye, but the
tiny oil and protein droplets in the system make milk appear as white.
Actually, milk is a colloid, a term explained in the Glossary within the
Handbook Menu.

Skill:
Distinguish a solution from a mixture.

2. Red brass consists of 90% copper and 10% zinc, whereas bronze
consists of 90% copper and 10% tin. What is or are the
solvent(s) in these alloys?

Hint: copper

Skill:
Define and illustrate the terms solvent and solute.

3. Which of the following are solid solutions?

a. ice from salt water at 272 K
b. solid from copper and zinc melt
c. solid calcium carbonate from reaction of carbon dioxide and calcium
oxide
d. ice crystals from cold and moist air
e. 18 K gold

Hint: b & e
The impurities in ice are ignored in the spirit of this problem.

Skill:
Describe solid, liquid, and gas solutions.
 4. The solubility of salt is 35.7 g per 100 mL of water at 298 K. What
is the percentage of salt in a saturated solution?

Hint: 26%

Skill:
Describe and illustrate saturated and unsaturated solutions.

5. Sea water contains many ions in addition to sodium and chloride

ions. When gradually evaporated, the first salt to precipitate
is CaCO3CaCO3 (present to the extent of 0.12 g/L), followed
by CaSO4⋅H2OCaSO4⋅H2O (1.75 g/L), then NaClNaCl (29.7
g/L), MgSO4MgSO4 (2.48 g/L), MgCl2MgCl2 (3.32
g/L), NaBrNaBr (0.55 g/L), and KClKCl (0.53 g/L). According to the
description, when solid sodium chloride starts to form, the
solution is a saturated solution of what?

Hint: calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and NaClNaCl.

Skill:
Apply chemical principle to describe natural phenomena.

What is a Suspension?

Non-homogeneous systems, like those obtained by group C in activity 2, in which solids are
dispersed in liquids, are called suspensions. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the
solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of the medium. Particles
of a suspension are visible to the naked eye.

Properties of a Suspension

 Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture.

 The particles of a suspension can be seen by the naked eye.
 The particles of a suspension scatter a beam of light passing through it and make its path
visible.
 The solute particles settle down when a suspension is left undisturbed, that is, a suspension
is unstable. They can be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration.

What is a Colloidal Solution?

The mixture obtained by group D in activity 2 is called a colloid or a colloidal solution.

The particles of a colloid are uniformly spread throughout the solution. Due to the relatively smaller
size of particles, as compared to that of a suspension, the mixture appears to be homogeneous. But
actually, a colloidal solution is a heterogeneous mixture, for example, milk.

Because of the small size of colloidal particles, we cannot see them with naked eyes. But, these
particles can easily scatter a beam of visible light as observed in activity 2. This scattering of a beam
of light is called the Tyndall effect after the name of the scientist who discovered this effect.

Tyndall effect can also be observed when a fine beam of light enters a room through a small hole.
This happens due to the scattering of light by the particles of dust and smoke in the air.

Properties of a Colloid

 A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture.

 The size of particles of a colloid is too small to be individually seen by naked eyes.
 Colloids are big enough to scatter a beam of light passing through it and make its path
visible.
 They do not settle down when left undisturbed, that is, a colloid is quite stable.
 They cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration. But, a special
technique of separation known as centrifugation , can be used to separate the colloidal
particles.

The components of a colloidal solution are the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium. The
solute-like component or the dispersed particles in a colloid form the dispersed phase, and the
component in which the dispersed phase is suspended is known as the dispersing medium. Colloids
are classified according to the state (solid, liquid or gas) of the dispersing medium and the dispersed
phase

What is a Solution?

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. You come across various types of
solutions in your daily life. Lemonade, soda water etc. are all examples of solutions. Usually we think
of a solution as a liquid that contains either a solid, liquid or a gas dissolved in it. But, we can also
have solid solutions (alloys) and gaseous solutions (air). In a solution there is homogeneity at the
particle level. For example, lemonade tastes the same throughout. This shows that particles of sugar
or salt are evenly distributed in the solution.

A solution has a solvent and a solute as its components. The component of the solution that
dissolves the other component in it (usually the component present in larger amount) is called the
solvent. The component of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent (usually present in lesser
quantity) is called the solute.
Examples

 A solution of sugar in water is a solid in liquid solution. In this solution, sugar is the solute
and water is the solvent.
 A solution of iodine in alcohol known as ‘tincture of iodine’, has iodine (solid) as the solute
and alcohol (liquid) as the solvent.
 Aerated drinks like soda water etc., are gas in liquid solutions. These contain carbon dioxide
(gas) as solute and water (liquid) as solvent.
 Air is a mixture of gas in gas. Air is a homogeneous mixture of a number of gases. Its two
main constituents are: oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (78%). The other gases are present in
very small quantities

Questions and Answers

 1.
The oceans are an example of a(n)______solution.

o A.

Gaseous

o B.

Liquid

o C.

Solid

o D.

Anhydrous

 2.
In a solution, the substance which is being dissolved is the_____.

o A.

Solvent

o B.

Solute
 o C.

Liquid

o D.

Gas

 3.
A solution that contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature is
_____.

o A.

Supersaturated

o B.

Dilute

o C.

Saturated

o D.

Unsaturated

 4.
The solute that is found in the greatest amount in ocean water is______.

o A.

H20

o B.

KCl

o C.

NaCl

o D.

CuSO4
 5.
A substance that does not conduct an electric current when it forms a solution
is_____.

o A.

A polar substance

o B.

A nonpolar substance

o C.

A nonelectrolyte

o D.

An electrolyte

 6.
The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic compound
sperate in water is called____.

o A.

Dissociation

o B.

Ionization

o C.

Saturation

o D.

Polarity

 7.
When a gas is dissolved in a liquid, the gas dissolves faster if the liquid is ____.

o A.
 Heated

o B.

Cooled

o C.

An electrolyte

o D.

Under low pressure

 8.
Increasing the surface area of a solid _____.

o A.

Causes the solid to ionize

o B.

Slows the rate of solution

o C.

Speeds the rate of solution

o D.

Has no effect on the rate of solution

 9.
Any method of removing salts from ocean water is called____.

o A.

Desalination

o B.

Distillation

o C.
 Evaporation

o D.

Condensation

 10.
The process in which fresh water is obtained from ocean water that has been
evaporated and condensed is called ____.

o A.

Ionization

o B.

Dissociation

o C.

Distillation

o D.

The freeze method

 11.
The concentration of a solution that contains much solute in the solvent could be
described as _____.

o A.

Polar

o B.

Concentrated

o C.

Unsaturated

o D.

Dilute
 12.
An alloy is an example of a _____.

o A.

Gaseous solution

o B.

Liquid solution

o C.

Dilute solution

o D.

Solid solution

 13.
Adding more solute to a solvent _____.

o A.

Decreases its boiling point

o B.

Increases its freezing point

o C.

Increases its boiling point

o D.

Does not affect its boiling point

 14.
When placed in water, some covalent compounds _____.

o A.

Ionize

o B.
 Become radioactive

o C.

Form protons

o D.

Dissociate

 15.
Which of the following will speed up the dissolving of a solid solute in water?

o A.

Cool the solution

o B.

Stir the solution

o C.

Grind up the solvent

o D.

Freeze the solute

 16.
Which of the following combinations would increase the solubility of a gas in a
liquid?

o A.

Decrease the pressure and decrease the temperature

o B.

Decrease the pressure and increase the temperature

o C.

Increase the pressure and decrease the temperature

o D.
 Increase the pressure and increase the temperature

 17.
Solutions of electrolytes and metals are ____.

o A.

Insulators

o B.

Conductors

o C.

Polar

o D.

Negative

 18.
The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a
given temperature is its _____.

o A.

Concentration

o B.

Density

o C.

Dilution

o D.

Solubility

 19.
A molecule that is positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the
other end is ____.
o A.

Polar

o B.

Magnetic

o C.

Nonpolar

o D.

Radioactive