FOUNDATION - TYPE-1

DATA :-
BASIC DATA
UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL gS = 18 kN/m3
UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE gC = 24 kN/m3
S.B.C OF SOIL = 200 kN/m²
FRICTION FACTOR BET. CONCRETE AND SOIL = 0.4
fc' = 27.6 N/mm²
fy = 415 N/mm²
FACTOR OF SAFETY = 1.5

BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL

GOVERNING LOAD CASE 2

( with wind =1, without wind =2)
BEARING CAPACITY IS INCREASED BY 0%
ALLOWABLE NET B.C OF SOIL 200 kN/m²

UN-FACTORED SUPPORT REACTIONS REFER PAGE 8 OF 13 IN STAAD OUT PUT

VERTICAL (Down) ON FOOTING P' = 637.000 kN

HORIZONTAL FORCE IN x DIR . ON TOP Hx = 17.411 kN
HORIZONTAL FORCE IN z DIR .ON TOP Hz = 15.000 kN
MOMENT ABOUT x AXIS ON FOOTING M'x = 15.443 kN-m
MOMENT ABOUT z AXIS ON FOOTING M'z = 12.000 kN-m
HORIZONTAL FORCE ON FOOTING HxF = 0.000 kN

ASSUMING

PEDESTAL SIZE l x b : l = 0.40 m

b = 0.60 m

FOOTING SIZE L x B: L = 2.50 m

B = 2.50 m
DEPTH OF FOUNDATION H = 1.500 m (From TOC)
THICKNESS OF FOOTING t : t = 0.50 m
DEPTH OF SOIL T = 1.00 m
(Top of Foundation to top of Soil)
HEIGHT OF PEDESTAL H1 = 0.250 m
PROJECTION OF FOOTING l' = 1.05 m
PROJECTION OF FOOTING b' = 0.95 m

2500
1050 400 1050

950

600 b 2500

950 Y

L
X
X
Z

PEDESTAL

1500

500 t

1050 400 1050

L = 2500
CALCULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL
SELF WEIGHT OF PEDESTAL WFP. = (l x b x H1 x gC)
= 0.40 X 0.60 X 0.25 X 24
= 1.44 kN
SELF WEIGHT OF FOOTING WFF. = (L x B x t x gC)
= 2.50 X 2.50 X 0.50 X 24
= 75.00 kN
SELF WEIGHT OF SOIL WFS. = ((L x B) - (l x b)) x (T) x gs)
= 108.18 kN

TOTAL WF = WFP + WFF +WFS

Weight of foun., ped. & soil = 184.62 kN
Weight of stru. & above P = 821.62 kN

LOAD AT THE BASE OF THE FOOTING : P = WFp+WFF + P'

= 1.440 + 75.000+637.000
= 713.44 kN
P = 713.44 kN

MOMENT ABOUT x AXIS AT THE BASE OF FOOTING:

Mx = Hz X D + M'x
= 15.000 X 1.500+15.443
= 37.943 kN-m

Mx = 37.943 kN-m

MOMENT ABOUT z AXIS AT THE BASE OF FOOTING:

Mz = Hx X D + M'z
= 17.411 X 1.500 + 12.000
= 38.117 kN-m

Mz = 38.117 kN-m
ECCENTRICITY IN X AXIS ex :
ex = Mz/P
= 38.117 / 821.620
= 0.046 m
ECCENTRICITY IN Z AXIS ez :
ez = Mx/P
= 37.943 / 821.620
= 0.046 m
 ECCENTRICITY RATIO :
ex / L = 0.0460 / 2.50
= 0.02

ez / B = 0.0460 / 2.50
= 0.018

REFER TO CHART No.6.14(d)OF 'FOUNDATION DESIGN' by W.C.TENG.

VALUE OF THE CONSTANT K = 1.23

qmax = (( K * P) / (L * B)) - (P / (L * B))

= ((1.23 X 821.620) / (2.50X2.50)) - (108.18/ ( 2.50 * 2.50))
= 144.00 kN/m²

CHECK FOR NET BEARING PRESSURE

CHECK IS qmax < BC ?

144.00kN/m² < 200.00kN/m²

RESULT SAFE

CHECK FOR CONTACT AREA

Contact width along X - Direction

Contact width = 3(L/2-ex)
= 3(2.500/2-0.046)
= 3.612 m
% Of Contact = Contact width/Footing width
= (3.612/2.500)*100
= 100%
CHECK IS % of Contact > 60% ?

RESULT SAFE

Contact width along Z - Direction

Contact length = 3(B/2-ez)
= 3(2.500/2-0.046)
= 3.612 m
% Of Contact = Contact width/Footing length
= (3.612/2.500)*100
100%
CHECK IS % Contact > 60% ?
RESULT SAFE
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOOTING

REINFORCEMENT FOR FOOTING:

CONSIDER A SECTION AT THE FACE OF THE PEDESTAL

Critical span for design = 1.05 m
M = qmax X l'²/2
= 144.00 x 1.050²/2
MAX. BENDING MOMENT = 79.38 kN-m/m

ASSUME DIA. OF BAR FOR FOOTING F = 16 mm

EFF.DEPTH OF FOOTING d = t-0.075-F/(1000*2)

= 0.417 m
= 417 mm

CONSIDER 1m WIDTH OF FOOTING

b = 1000 mm
FACTORED BENDING MOMENT Mu = 79.38 x 1.500
119.070 kN-m
Rn = MU/(Fxb x d²)
= 0.761 N/mm²
= 110.3140273 psi
FOR GIVEN GRADE OF CONCRETE AND STEEL
Rn lim = MU lim./(Fxb x d²)
MU lim. = (0.234 x fc' x b x d²)
= 1123044718
Rn lim = 7.176 N/mm²
CHECK IS Rn lim. > Rn
RESULT no compression rebar is required

Pt = 0.85fc'/fy(1-SQRT(1-(2*Rn/0.85*fc')))
Pt = 0.0012685

fc' = 4000 psi

fy = 60000 psi
AREA OF STEEL As = 528.954 mm²

SPACING Sv = (1000 X pF²/4)/As

= 380 mm
SPACING OF16 mm DIA BARS @ 375 C/C
So, PROVIDE 16 mm DIA BARS @ 150 C/C
CHECK FOR MINI. % OF STEEL
AREA OF STEEL PROVIDED Asp = (1000 X pF²/4)/Sv
= 1340.586667 mm²
% OF STEEL PROVIDED ptP = 100As/bd
0.32 %
MINI. % OF STEEL REQUIRED ptmini. = 0.18 %
CHECK IS ptP > ptmini.
RESULT SAFE

CHECK FOR BEAM SHEAR:

CONSIDER A SECTION AT A DISTANCE OF EFF.DEPTH FROM THE FACE

OF THE PEDESTAL.
CHECK IS d < PROJECTION OF FOOTING ?
0.4170 < 1.050
BEAM SHEAR CHEKING IS REQUIRED
SHEAR FORCE @ d FROM FACE OF THE PEDESTAL
Critical span for design = 1.05 m
Critical width for design = 2.5 m
V = (l' -d )x q max. x B
= (1.050 - 0.417) X144.000X2.50
= 227.88 kN

FACTORED SHEAR FORCE Vu = 227.88 x 1.500

= 341.82 kN
SHEAR RESISTING AREA A = Bxd
= 2.50 X 0.417
= 1.043 m²

SHEAR STRESS v = Vu/A

= 341.820/1.0425
= 327.885 kN/m²
= 0.328 N/mm²

FVc = F*2*SQRT(FC')
= 107.5174404 psi
= 0.753 N/mm²

CHECK IS v <F vc ? 0.328 < 0.753

RESULT SAFE
CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR :

AT .5 d FROM FACE OF PEDESTAL

CONSIDER A SECTION AT A DISTANCE OF 0.5d FROM THE FACE OF PEDESTAL

CHECK IS 0.5d > PROJECTION OF FOOTING ?

0.5 d = 0.5 X 0.417

= 0.209
0.209 < 1.050
HENCE PUNCHING SHEAR CHECKING IS RERQIRED

SELF WEIGHT OF PEDESTAL = 1.44 kN

LOAD FROM SUPER STRUCTURE 637.00 kN
SHEAR FORCE V = 638.44 kN

FACTORED SHEAR FORCE Vu = V x F.S

= 638.44 x 1.500
= 957.66 kN

SHEAR RESISTING AREA A = Uo x d

Uo = 2 x ((0.40 + 0.209 x 2 )
+ (0.60 x 0.209 x 2))
= 3.668 m
A = 3.67 X 0.417
= 1.53 m²

SHEAR STRESS v = Vu/A

= 957.660/1.5300
= 625.922 kN/m²
= 0.6259 N/mm²

FVc = F*4*SQRT(fc')
= 252.9822128 psi
= 1.770622507 N/mm²

CHECK IS v < vc ? 0.626 < 1.771

RESULT SAFE

CHECK FOR SLIDING :

TOTAL VERTICAL LOAD P = 821.62 kN

HORIZONTAL LOAD W = 17.41 kN
CO.EFF OF FRICTION f = 0.4
F.S.AGAINST SLIDING = (f x P)/W
= (0.40X821.6200)/17.41
= 18.876
CHECK IS F.S.>1.5? 18.876 > 1.5
 RESULT SAFE

CHECK FOR OVERTURNING :

TOTAL VERTICAL LOAD P = 821.62 kN

HORIZONTAL LOAD W = 17.41 kN
TOTAL RESISTING MOMENT MR = P x (L/2) = 1027.03 kN.m
TOTAL OVERTURNING MOMENT MO = (Hx) x H +M 41.56 kN.m
F.S.AGAINST OVERTURNING f = MR/MO
= 24.712

CHECK IS F.S.>1.5? 24.712 > 1.5

RESULT SAFE
DESIGN OF PIPE SUPPORT PEDESTAL

DATA
LENGTH OF PEDESTAL l = 0.40 m
BREADTH OF PEDESTAL b = 0.60 m
HEIGHT OF PEDESTAL h = 0.25 m
DIA OF BAR USED q = 25 mm
SELF WEIGHT OF PEDESTAL WFP = 1.44 kN
LOAD FROM ANALYSIS = 637.00 kN
638.44 kN
TOTAL DOWNWARD LOAD N = 638.44 kN

Horiz. force in X (from analysis) Hx = 17.41 kN

Horiz. force in Z (from analysis) Hz = 15.00 kN

MOMENT Mx (from analysis) M'x = 15.44 kN.m

MOMENT DUE TO Hz @ BASE = 15.00 X 0.25
Mx' = 3.75 kN.m
TOTAL MOMENT MX @ BASE = 15.44+3.75
MX = 19.19 kN.m

MOMENT Mz (from analysis) M'z = 12.00 kN.m

MOMENT DUE TO Hx @ BASE = 17.41 X 0.25
Mz' = 4.35 kN.m
TOTAL MOMENT MZ @ BASE = 12.00 + 4.35
Mz = 16.35 kN.m

FINAL FORCES:
AXIAL LOAD = 638.44 kN
TOTAL MOMENT Mtx @ BASE = 19.19 kNm
TOTAL MOMENT Mtz @ BASE = 16.35 kNm

Biaxial bending can be converted in to Uniaxial bending

H = l = 0.40 m
b = 0.60 m
 H' = l' = 0.313 m
b' = 0.513 m
Mtx / b' = 37.44976 kN
Mtz / l' = 52.3288 kN
for Mtx / b' > Mtz / H' ; M = Mtx + bb* (b' /H' )* Mtz
for Mtx / b' < Mtz / H' ; M = Mtz +bb* (H' /b' )* Mtx

N / ( b * H * fc' ) = 0.096
bb = 0.888
M = 26.73983 kNm

SLENDERNESS RATIO:

Un-supported length of pedestal lu = 0.25 m

K = 2.00
Effective length of pedestal le = K lu
= 0.50 m
Least lateral dimension of pedestal h = 0.4 m
Radius of gyration r = 0.3*least lateral size
= 0.12 m
Slenderness ratio = le / r
= 4.17
CHECK IF Slenderness ratio > 22

RESULT SHORT pedestal

Additional moment due to slenderness

Ma = Nh/1750((le/h)2(1-0.0035le/h))
= 0 kNm
FINAL DESIGN FORCES:
AXIAL LOAD = 638.44 kN
TOTAL MOMENT M @ BASE = 26.74 kNm