Universiti

Malaysia
PAHANG
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE HEAT TRANSFER

COURSE CODE BMM3513

LECTURER ABDUL ADAM ABDULLAH

SUDHAICAR KUMARASAMY

DATE 5 JUNE 2018

DURATION 3 HOURS

SESSION/SEMESTER SESSION 2017/2018 SEMESTER II

PROGRAMME CODE BMM/BMA

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:

1. This examination paper consists ofFIVE(5)questions. Answer ALL questions.

2. All answers to a new question should start on new page.
3. All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.
4. Candidates are not allowed to bring any material other than those allowed by the
invigilator into the examination room.
5. The question should be answered in English.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS:

This is an open book examination. Candidates are allowed to bring a text book of Heat
and Mass Transfer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This test paper consists ofSIX(6)printed pages including front page

CONFIDENTIAL BMM/BMAJ1718II/BIVIM3513

QUESTION 1 [20 MARKS]

a) The hot combustion gases of a furnace are separated from the ambient air and its
surroundings, which are at 25°C, by a brick wall 0.15 m thick. The brick has a thermal
conductivity of 1.2 W/m - K and a surface emissivity of0.8. The outer surface temperature of
the furnace wall is 100°C. Free convection heat transfers in the air adjoining this surface is
characterized by a convection coefficient of h = 20 W/m2 - K. Make your own assumptions
for the analysis. Determine the brick inner surface temperature? Can you assess the
predominant heat transfer phenomenon inside the furnace wall?
[10 Marks]

b)Review the analytical developments of various equations of the Nusselt number as a

function Reynold number and Grashof number. List the restrictions which apply to each
equation. Among all expressions, which is most widely used? Justify with reasons.
[10 Marks]

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CONFIDENTIAL BMIVITBMA/1718E1BMM3513

QUESTION 2[20 MARKS]

a)Natural convection is observed as a result of the motion of the fluid due to the density
changes arising from the heating process. (Irashof number is identified as the dimensionless
number for the free-convection problems. Derive an empirical equation for free convection
by use of dimensional analysis for a flat plate surface.
[10 Marks]

b)In manufacturing, the special coating on a curved solar absorber surface of area A2= 15 m2
is cured by exposing it to an infrared heater of width W = 1 m. The absorber and heater are
each of length L = 10 m and are separated by a distance of H = 1 m (Figure I). The upper
surface ofthe absorber and the lower surface ofthe heater are insulated. The heater is at T1 =
1000 K and has an emissivity of el= 0.9, while the absorber is at T2 = 600 K and has an
emissivity of e2 = 0.5. The system is in a large room whose walls are at 300 K. Taking F23
0.41, what is the net rate of heat transfer to the absorber surface?
[10 Marks]

Room walls,
71„,
Absorber
surface,A2, T2,£2

Healer,.AJ,71, el

14— Or

Figure 1: Solar absorber with infra-red heater

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CONFIDENTIAL BMM/BMA/1718IUBMM3513

QUESTION 3[20 MARKS]

a)Air at 25 °C flows over a flat plate at 2.5 m/s. The plate dimensions are 600 mm X 300 mm
and is maintained at a uniform temperature of95 °C. Estimate the heat loss from the plate, if
the air flows parallel to the 600 mm side. How would this heat loss be affected ifthe flow of
air is made parallel to the 300 mm side?
[10 Marks]

b)The surface of a 1.5 m long flat plate (Figure 2) is maintained at 50° C and water at a
temperature of4°C and a velocity of0.6 m/s flows over the surface. Determine:
i)The heat transfer rate per unit width ofthe plate
[5 Marks]

ii) If a wire were placed near the leading edge of the plate (to induce turbulence),
Explain the reasons for change in heat transfer rate at the leading edge?
[5 Marks]

Water T..=It.C
=0.6 mis
--•.
If

Ts =50-C

L=1.5 m

Figure 2: Long Horizontal Flat plate

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QUESTION 4[20 MARKS]

a)A 2 cm diameter glass sphere at 100 °C, suspended in the air. A 10 cm diameter dome at
250 °C, with absorptivity and emissivity of 1 is placed over the sphere so that the dome and
sphere are concentric (Figure 3). The properties of sphere are: thermal conductivity = 1.4
W/m-K, density = 2225 kg/m3, specific heat capacity = 835 J/Kg-K, emissivity = 0.9 and
absorptivity = 0.8. Evaluate:
i)the rate of heat loss due to convection from the sphere if convection coefficient is 15 W/m2-
K and the air temperature is 20 °C,
ii)the rate of heat loss from the sphere due to radiation,
iii) the shape factor from the sphere to the dome,
iv)the shape factor from the dome to the sphere,
v)the rate of heat loss from the inside surface ofthe dome,
vi) the rate of heat transfers from the inside surface ofthe dome to the sphere,
vii) the net heat transfers ofthe sphere. Justify either the sphere losing heat or gaining heat?
[15 Marks]

10 cm

Figure 3: Dome over glass sphere.

b)There are two large parallel plane with emissivity of 0.3 and 0.8 exchanging heat. Use the
method of electrical analogy to determine the percentage reduction when an aluminum shield
ofemissivity 0.04 is placed between them.
[5 Marks]

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CONFIDENTIAL BMM/BMA/1718II/BMM3513

QUESTION 5[20 MARKS]

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger need be designed to heat 2.5 kg/s of water from 15 to 85 °C.
The heating is to be accomplished by passing hot engine oil, which is available at 160 °C,
through the shell side of the exchanger. The oil is known to provide an average convection
coefficient of ho = 400 W/m2- K on the outer surface of the tubes. Ten tubes pass the water
throne-1 the shell. Each tube is thin walled of diameter D = 25 mm,and makes eight passes
through the shell. If the oil leaves the exchanger at 100°C, what is its flow rate? How long
must the tube be to accomplish the desired heating?
[20 Marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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