The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List TEC

The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List
570 Words You Need to Know


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An Introduction to the Academic Word Family List

This is a list of 570 words you need to know if you want to understand the text in the reading and lectures
in the listening passage. This list is not exclusive to the TOEFL, but is rather a copy of the original Academic
Word List (AWL).

The Academic Word List (AWL) was first developed by noted linguist Averil Coxhead in 2001. She compiled
a corpus of academic journals and texts across various disciplines and cross-checked each work to find
some of the most common academic vocabulary. In the end, she published the Academic Word List (AWL),
a concise catalog of the 570 most common words in academic English. No matter what the subject, you
can expect to encounter these 570 words.

The TOEFL is designed to measure whether you are prepared to enter a North American university. The
reading texts and listening passages are a reflection of the type of material you can expect to encounter in
a freshman-level course. If you need to improve your vocabulary for the TOEFL, particularly for the reading
section, this list will be a tremendous help.

About the List

This is a variation of the AWL. We refer to this list as the Academic Word Family List. Not only do we
include each of the headwords listed in the AWL, but we also show its variations. Here’s an example below:

All words in each row are connected to the meaning of the headword. So, if you know that abstract means
existing in thought as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence than you know that other words
like abstraction or abstractly should be somewhat connected to the original meaning of abstract.

Words are not islands, they are part of a larger family.

The goal of this list is to not only expand your vocabulary but show you that when you learn one word, you
learn all the forms of that one word.
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A word of caution, do NOT study every word in each word family. Instead, only focus on understanding the
meaning of the headword. If you know the headword, then you can make an accurate guess of the
meaning of its variations.

A Few Notes

Here are a few things to consider before you get started studying the Academic Word Family List.

1. All word variations must correspond to the original meaning of the headword. So, for example, the word
conduct. I assumed that the meaning of conduct was related to the manner in which a person behaves.
However, conduct also means to transmit energy, usually in the form of electricity. Words like conduction and
conductivity were not included in this instance because the meaning did not correspond to the original
headword.

***The only exception to this was the suffixes -ism and -ist, which alone carry almost the same meaning
when added to any word. -ist usually implies a believer in a school of thought and -ism usually means a
school of thought. Also, both of these suffixes make a noun.

2. Most of the variants include a bound derivational suffix added to the end. Some suffixes with similar
endings and meanings were shortened and lumped together since the aim of this chart is to provide
students with the most important suffixes that convey a meaning or part of speech. Here are a few
examples:

● -ical → -al (a problem, -al also is a noun form)
● -ier → -er
● -ary, -ery → -ry (a problem because -ary and -ery two separate meanings)
● -ization, -cation → -tion
● -ologist → -ist
● -acy → -cy
● -ically → -ly
● -eous, -ious → -ous

-al ( noun) - action or process
-al, -ial, -ical (adj.) - characterized by, related to
-ery, -ry - noun place, condition, practice, quality
-ary - also noun, person or thing belonging to
-acy, -cy (noun) - state, condition, quality

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3. Words that contained a bound derivational suffix, but contained a variant spelling were not underlined.

● resoluble - spelled differently than -able, -ible
● analyst - spelled differently than -ist

4. Free morphemes and inflectional morphemes were excluded from this list.

5. This is meant for students to see a connection between separate words. Over time, as you continue to
interact with and read through this list, you will begin to recognize patterns in the bound morphemes.

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The Academic Word Family List

WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB
abandon (v./n.) abandonment abandoned
abstraction,
abstractor, abstractedly,
abstract (adj./v./n.) abstracted
abstractionism, abstractly
abstractionist
academics,
academism, academia, academical,
academy (n.) academically
academicism, academic
academician
access (n./v.) accessibility accessible accessibly
accommodation, accommodative,
accommodate (v.) accommodatingly
accommodationist accommodating
accompaniment,
accompany (v.) accompanying
accompanist
accumulation
accumulate (v.) accumulative
accumulator
accurate (adj.) accuracy accurate accurately
achievement,
achieve (v.) achievable
achiever
acknowledgeable,
acknowledge (v.) acknowledgment
acknowledged
acquisition,
acquisitiveness, acquisitive,
acquire (v.) acquisitively
acquirement, acquirable
acquirer, acquiree
adaptability,
adaptation,
adapter,
adapt (v.) adaption, adaptable, adaptive adaptively, adaptably
adaptationism,
adaptationist,
adaptivity
adequate (adj.) adequately
adjacent (adj.) adjacency
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adjuster,
adjust (v.) adjustment, adjustable
adjustability
administer,
administrative,
administrate (v.) administrator, administratively
administrable
administration
adult (n/adj.) adulthood, adultness adultly
advocacy,
advocate (v./n.) advocation,
advocateship
affectation, affection, affected, affecting,

affectingly,
affectlessness, affectionate,
affect (v.) affectionately,
affectedness, affective, affectional,
affectively, affectedly
affectivity affectless
aggregate aggregation,
aggregative
(n./v./adj. aggregator
aid (n./v) aide
albeit (conjunction)
allocate (v.) allocation, allocator allocable, allocative
alteration,
alternate, alternative,
alternately,
alter (v.) alternation, alterable, altered,
alternatively
alternator, alterity, alternant
alternant, alternative
alternative (adj.) alternatively
ambiguousness,
ambiguous (adj.) ambiguously
ambiguity
amendment,
amend (v.) amendable
amender
analogous, analogically,
analogy (n.) analogize analogue
analogical, analogic analogously
analysis, analyst, analytical,

analyze (v.) analytically
analyzer, analytics analyzable, analytic
annual (adj.) annualized annually
anticipation,
anticipate (v.) anticipator, anticipatory
anticipative
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apparent (adj.) apparently
appreciable,
appreciation, appreciatory, appreciably,
appreciate (v.)
appreciator, appreciative appreciatively
appreciativeness
approachableness, approaching,
approach (v./n.)
approachability approachable
appropriacy,
appropriator,
appropriate (adj.) appropriateness, appropriated appropriately
appropriation,
appropriationist
approximate
approximation approximative approximately
(v./adj.)
arbitrary (adj.) arbitrariness arbitrarily
area (n.) areal
aspect (n.) aspectual
assembly,
assemble (v.) assemblage,
assembler
assessment,
assess (v.) assessable
assessor
assignment,
assignee,
assign (v.) assignable
assigner,
assignation
assistance,
assist (v.) assister, assistive
assistantship
assumable,
assume (v.) assumption assumedly
assumptive
assurance,
assure (v.) assuredness, assuredly
assurer

attachable,
attach (v.) attachment
attached

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attainment,
attain (v.) attainability
attainable
attitude (n.) attitudinize attitudinizer attitudinal attitudinally
attributable,
attribute (v./n.) attribution attributive, attributively
attributional
authorship,
author (v./n.) authorial
authoress
authorization,
authoritarian,
authority (n.) authorize authoritative authoritatively
authoritarianism,
authoritativeness
automation,
automaticity,
automatics, automated,
automate (v.) automatize automatically
automatism, automatic
automation,
automatic
available (adj.) availability
aware (adj.) awareness
behalf (n.)
beneficiary, beneficial, beneficently,

benefit (v./n.)
beneficence beneficent beneficially
bias (v./n.) biased
bond (v./n.) bonded
briefing,
brief (adj./v./n.) briefer, briefly
brevity
bulk (n.) bulkiness bulky bulkily
capability,
capable (adj.) capacitate capably
capacitation
capacity (n.) capacitive
categorial,
category (n.) categorize categorization categoric, categorically
categorical
cease (v.) ceaseless ceaselessly
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challenging,
challenge (v./n) challenger challenged, challengingly
challengeable
channel (v./n.) channeler
chapter (n.)
chart (v./n.) charter
chemical (n./adj.) chemically
circumstantiality, circumstanced,
circumstance (n.) circumstantiate circumstantially
circumstantiation circumstantial
cite (v.) citation citable
civilizer, civility,
civil (adj.) civilize civilly
civilization
clarification,
clarify (v.)
clarity, clarifier
classical, classicalism,
classic (adj./n.) classicize classicality, classical
classicist
clause (n.) clausal
code (n.v.) coder, coding coded
coherence,
coherent (adj.) coherently
coherency
coincident, coincidentally,
coincide (v.) coincidence
coincidental coincidently
collapse (v./n.) collapsibility collapsible
colleague (n.)
commence (v.) commencement
commentary,
comment (n./v.) commentate commentator, commentative
commenter
commission (n./v.) commissioner
commitment, committed,
commit (v.)
committer committable
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commodify, commodification,
commodity (n.)
commoditize commoditization
communication, communicable,
communicability, communicative, communicably,
communicate (v.)
communicativeness, communicational, communicatively
communicator communicatory
communitarian,
community (n.)
communitarianism
compatible (adj.) compatibility compatibly
compensatory,
compensation, compensative,
compensate (v.)
compensator compensational,
compensable
compile (v.) compilation, compiler
complementariness,
complementary,
complement (n./v.) complementation, complementarily
complemental
complementarity
complex (n./adj.) complexity complexly
component
componentize componentry
(n./adj.)
compound
compounder compoundable
(n./v./adj.)
comprehensive
comprehensiveness comprehensively
(adj.)
comprise (v.)
computer, computation,
computing,
computable,
compute (v.) computerize computability, computationally
computational
computerization,
computerist
conceive (v.) conceivability conceivable conceivably
concentration, concentrative,
concentrate (v.) concentratedly
concentrator concentrated
conception,
conceptual,
conceptualization,
concept (n.) conceptualize conceptional, conceptually
conceptualism,
conceptive
conceptualist
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conclusion, conclusive,
conclude (v.) conclusively
conclusiveness concluding
concurrence,
concurrent (adj.) concurrently
concurrency
conductibility,
conduct (n./v.) conductible
conductor
conference, conferee,
confer (v.) conferment, conferrable
conferral
confine (v.) confinement confined
confirmatory,
confirm (v.) confirmation confirmative,
confirmed
conflictual,
conflict (n./v.)
conflicting
conformation,
conformist, conformity, conformable,
conformably,
conform (v.) conformability, conformal,
conformally
conformance, conformational
conformer, conformism
consent (n./v.) consensus consensual consensually
consequentialism,
consequentialist, consequently,
consequent (adj.) consequential
consequentiality, consequentially
consequence
considerable (adj.) considerably
consist (v.) consistency, consistence consistent consistently
constant (adj./n.) constancy constantly
constituency, constitutional,
constitutionally,
constitute (v.) constituent, constitutive,
constitutively
constitution constituent
constrain (v.) constraint constrained constrainedly
construction,
constructor,
constructive, constructionally,
construct (v./n.) constructiveness,
constructional constructively
constructivism,
constructivist
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consultant, consultancy,
consultative,
consult (v.) consultation,
consulting
consultee
consumer, consumption, consumable,

consume (v.) consumerism, consumeristic, consumingly
consumerist consuming
contactable,
contact (v./n./adj.) contactee
contactless
contemporariness,
contemporary contemporarily,
contemporaneity, contemporaneous
(adj./n.) contemporaneously
contemporaneousness
contextualization,
contextualism,
context (n.) contextualize contextual contextually
contextualist,
contexture
contractable,
contractor,
contract (v./n.) contractual, contractually
contractee
contractive
contradiction,
contradict (v.) contradictor, contradictory contradictorily
contradictoriness
contrarianism,
contrarian,
contrary (n./adj.) contrarily
contrariness,
contrariety
contrasting,
contrast (n./v.) contrastive, contrastingly
contrasty
contributor, contributive,
contribute (v.)
contribution contributory
controversialist,
controversy (n.) controversial controversially
controversiality
conventional
convene (v.) convention, convener

conversion,
conversation,
converser, conversational, conversely,
converse (v.)
conversancy, conversant conversationally,
conversance,
conversationalist
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convinced,
converter,
convert (v.) convincing, convincingly
convertibility
convincible
cooperation,
cooperant,
cooperate (v.) cooperative cooperatively
cooperator,
cooperativeness
coordinate coordination,
coordinative
(v./n./adj.) coordinator
core (v./n./adj.) corer
corporation,
corporatization,
corporatism,
corporate (adj.) corporatize corporative corporately
corporatist,
corporativism,
corporativist
correspondence,
correspond (v.) corresponding correspondingly
correspondent
couple (v./n.) coupledom, coupler
creation, creativity,
creator, creationism,
create (v.) creative, creatable creatively
creationist,
creativeness
credit (v./n.) creditor, creditability creditable creditably
criteria (n.) criterial
crucial (adj.) cruciality crucially
culture (n.) cultural culturally
currency (n.)
cyclic,
cycle (v./n.) cyclist cyclically
cyclical
data (n.)
debate (v./n.) debater debatable debatably
decade (n.) decadal
decline (v./n.) decliner declinable
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deduce (v.) deduction deducible, deductive deductively
definitive, definable,
define (v.) definition, definer definitionally
definitional
definite (adj.) definiteness definitely
demonstration,
demonstrable,
demonstrator, demonstrably,
demonstrate (v.) demonstrative,
demonstrability, demonstratively
demonstrational
demonstrativeness
denial, deniability,
deny (v.) denialism, denialist, deniable deniably
denier
denotational,
denote (v.) denotation
denotative
depressive,
depressible,
depression, depressingly,
depress (v.) depressed,
depressant depressive
depressing,
depressant
derivative,
derivation, derivate,
derive (v.) derivable, derivatively
derivative
derivational
design (v./n.) designer designedly
despite (prep.) despiteful
detect (v.) detection, detector detectable detectably
deviation, deviator,
deviate (v.) deviationism, deviational
deviationist
device (n.)
devotion,
devotionally,
devote (v.) devotedness, devoted, devotional
devotedly
devotee
differentiator,
differentiable,
differentiate (v.) differentiation, differentially
different
differential

dimensional,
dimension (n.)
dimensionless

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diminishable,
diminution,
diminish (v.) diminished, diminutively
diminutiveness
diminutive
discretion, discretionary,
discrete (adj.) discreetly
discreteness discretional
discrimination, discriminable,
discriminably,
discriminability, discriminating,
discriminate (v.) discriminately,
discriminant, discriminative,
discriminatingly
discriminator discriminatory
displacement,
displace (v.)
displacer
display (v./n.) displayer displayed
disposal,
disposer,
dispose (v.) disposable,
disposability
disposed
distinction, distinctly,
distinct (adj.) distinctive
distinctness distinctively
distorted,
distortedness,
distortional,
distort (v.) distortion distortedly
distortionless

distribution, distributive,
distribute (v.) distributary, distributable, distributively
distributor distributional
diversity,
diverse (adj.) diversify diversification, diversionary diversely
diversion
documentation,
documentalist, documentable,
document (v./n.) documentarian, documental,
documentarist, documentati
documentary
domain (n.)
domestication, domesticated,
domestic (adj.) domesticate domestically
domesticity domesticable
dominance,
dominancy,
dominate (v.) dominant dominantly
dominator,
domination
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draft (v./n./adj.) drafter
dramatist,
drama (n.) dramatize dramatics, dramatic dramatically
dramatization
duration (n.) durational
dynamicist,
dynamics, dynamist,
dynamic (adj./n.) dynamize dynamization, dynamical dynamical
dynamism

economics,
economist,
economical,
economy (n.) economize economizer, economically
economic
economization,
economist
edition, editor,
edit (v.) editorialize editorialist, editorial, editable editorially
editorship, editorial
elementalism, elementally,
element (n.) elemental
elementariness elementarily
elimination,
eliminable,
eliminator,
eliminate (v.) eliminatory
eliminationism,

eliminationist
emergent,
emerge (v.) emergence
emerging
emphasis (n.) emphasize emphatic emphatically
empiricism, empirically
empirical (adj.)
empiricist
enable (v.) enablement, enabler enabling
encounter (v./n.)
energetics,
energy (n.) energize energetic energetically
energizer
enforcement, enforced,
enforce (v.) enforceability, enforceable enforcedly
enforcer
enhancement,
enhance (v.) enhanced
enhancer
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enormity,
enormous (adj.) enormously
enormousness
ensure (v.)
entity (n.)
environmentalist,
environment (n.) environmental environmentally
environmentalism
equatable,
equate (v.) equation
equational
equipment,
equip (v.)
equipage, equipper
equivalence,
equivalent (adj./n.) equivalently
equivalency
erodible, erosional,
erode (v.) erosion
erosive
error (n.) erroneousness erroneous, errorless erroneously
establishment,
establisher,
establish (v.) established
establishmentarian,
establishmentarianism
estate (n.)
estimate (v./n) estimation estimative
ethicality, ethics,
ethic (n.) ethicize ethical ethically
ethicist
ethnic (n./adj.) ethnicity
evaluation,
evaluate (v.) evaluative
evaluator
eventuality,
eventual (adj.) eventuate eventually
eventuation
evidence, evidently,
evident (adj.) evidential
evidentiality evidentially
evolution,
evolutionary,
evolutionist, evolutionally,
evolve (v.) evolutional,
evolutionism, evolutionarily
evolutive, evolvable
evolvement
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exceed (v.) exceedance exceeding exceedingly
exclusion, excluder,
exclusionist, exclusive,
exclusiveness, excludable,
exclude (v.) exclusively
exclusivism, exclusionary
exclusivist,
exclusivity
exhibition,
exhibitioner,
exhibitionism,
exhibit (v./n.) exhibitionistic exhibitionistically
exhibition,
exhibitionist,
exhibitor
expansion, expansive,
expansionism, expandable,
expand (v.) expandability, expansible,
expander, expanded
expansibility
expert (n./adj.) expertize expertize expertly
explicit (adj.) explicitness explicitly
exploitation, exploitable,
exploit (v.)
exploiter exploitative
exporter,
export (v./n.) exportability, exportable
exportation
exposure, exposer, exposed,

expose (v.) exposition, expositor expositional,
expository
externalization,
externalism,
external (adj.) externalize externally
externalist,
externality
extraction,
extract (v./n.) extractability, extractable
extractive, extractor
facilitator, facility, facilitative,

facilitate (v.)
facilitation facilitatory
factor (v./n.) factorable
feature (v./n.) featureless, featured
18


federation,
federacy,
federalization,
federal (adj.) federalize, federate federative federally
federalism,
federalist,
federationist
fee (n.)
file (v./n.) filer filing
finality, finale,
final (adj./n.) finalize finalization, finalism, finalistic finally
finalist
financier,
finance (v./n.) financial financially
financialization
finiteness, finitism,
finite (adj.) finitely
finitist, finitude
flexibility, flexility,
flexion, flexitarian, flexile, flexuous,
flexible (adj.) flexibly, flexuously
flexor, flexuosity, flexural
flexure
fluctuate (v.) fluctuation fluctuant
focus (v./n.) focuser focused
formational,
format (v./n.) formation formatively
formative
formulate, formulate,
formula (n.) formulable, formulaic formulable, formulaic
formularize formularize
forthcoming (adj.) forthcomingness
foundation (n.) foundational
founder,
found (v.) founding
foundress
framework (n.)
functionalism,
functionalist, functional,
function (v./n.) functionally
functionality, functionless
functionary
fund (v./n.) funding, funder
19


fundamentality,
fundamental (adj.) fundamentalism, fundamentally
fundamentalist
furthermore
genderless,
gender (n.)
gendered
generativity, generable,
generate (v.)
generator generative
generation (n.) generational generationally
globalization, globalizer,
globe (n.) globalize globalism, globalist, globose globally
globoid (n./ adj.)
goal (n.) goalwards
grade (v./n.) grader graded
grant (v./n.) grantee, grantor grantable, granted
guarantee (v./n.) guarantor
guideline (n.)
hence (adv.)
hierarchization, hierarchical,
hierarchy (n.) hierarchize hierarchically
hierarch hierarchic
highlight (v.) highlighter
hypothesist,
hypothesis (n.) hypothesize hypothetical
hypothesizer
identical (adj.) identically
identification,
identify (v.) identifiable identifiably
identity, identifier
ideology (n.) ideologist, ideologue ideological ideologically
ignorance (n.) ignore ignorer ignorant, ignorable ignorantly
illustration, illustrated,
illustrate (v.) illustrative, illustrational illustratively
illustrator
image (n.) imagery, image imageless
20


immigrant,
immigrate (v.)
immigration
impacted, impactful,
impact (v./n.) impaction, impactor
impactive
implementer,
implement (v./n.)
implementation
implicational,
implication,
implicate(v.) implicatory, implicatively
implicature
implicative
implicit (adj.) implicitness implicitly
imply (v.) implied impliedly
impose (v.) imposition imposing imposingly
incentive (n.) incentivize
incidence (n.) incident incident incidentally
incidentally inclination, incliner inclinable
income (n.)
incorporator, incorporated,
incorporate (v.)
incorporation incorporative
indexable, indexible,
index (v./n.) indexation, indexer
indexical
indication,
indicate (v.) indicative, indicatory indicatively
indicator
individualism,
individualist, individually,
individualize,
individual (adj./n.) individuality, individualistic individualistically
individuate
individualization,
individuation
induction,
induce (v.) inducer, inducible
inducement
inevitable (adj.) inevitability inevitably
infer (v.) inference inferable, inferential inferentially
infrastructure (n.) infrastructural
21


inherent (adj.) inherence inherently
inhibitory, inhibitive,
inhibit (v.) inhibition, inhibitor
inhibited
initialization,
initial (adj.) initialize initiative initially
initialism
initiate (v.) initiation, initiator initiatory
injury,
injured,
injure (v.) injurer, injuriously
injurious
injuriousness
innovation, innovative,
innovate (v.) innovator, innovatory, innovatively
innovativeness innovational
input (v./n.) inputter
insertion,
insert (v.) insertable
inserter
insight (n.) insightful insightfully
inspection,
inspector,
inspect (v.) inspectorial
inspectorate,
inspectorship
instance (v./n.)
institution,
institutionalism, institutional,
institute (v./n.) institutionalize institutionally
institutionalization, institutionalized
institutor
instruction,
instructor,
instructive,
instruct (v.) instructiveness, instructively
instructional
instructorship,
instructress
integral (adj.) integrality integrally
integration,
integrated,
integrability,
integrative,
integrate (v.) integration,
integrable,
integrationist,
integrating
integrators
integrity (n.)
22


intelligence,
intelligential,
intelligence (n.) intelligencer,
intelligent
intelligentsia
intensity,
intenseness,
intense (adj.) intensify intenser, intensive intensely
intensification,
intensifier
interaction,
interactant,
interactive,
interact (v.) interactionism, interactively
interactional
interactionist,
interactivity
intermediacy,
intermediateness,
intermediation,
intermediate (adj.) intermediately
intermediator,
intermediary

internality,
internal (adj.) internalize internalization internally

interpretation, interpretative,
interpretability, interpretive,
interpret (v.) interpretatively
interpreter interpretable,
interpretational
interval (n.) intervallic
intervention,
intervening,
intervener,
intervene (v.) interventional,
interventionism,
intervenient
interventionist
intrinsic (adj.) intrinsically
investor,
invest (v.) investment, investable, investible
investiture
investigative,
investigation,
investigable,
investigate (v.) investigator
investigatory,

investigational
invoke (v.) invoker, invocation invocatory
involve (v.) involvement involved
23


isolation,
isolated, isolable,
isolate (v.) isolationism,
isolatable, isolating
isolator, isolationist
issue (v./n.) issuance, issuer issuable, issueless
item (n.) itemize itemization, itemizer
job (n.) joblessness jobless
journalese,
journal (n./v.) journalize journalistic journalistically
journalism, journalist
justification,
justifiability, justifiable, justified,
justify (v) justifiably
justifiableness, justificatory
justifier
label (v./n.) labeler
laborer, laborious,
labor (v./n.) laboriousness, labored laboriously
laborism, laborist
layer (v./n.) layering
lecture (v./n.) lecturer, lectureship
legality, legalese,
legal (adj.) legalize legalization, legalistic legalistically, legally
legalism, legalist
legislation,
legislative,
legislate (v.) legislatively
legislator,
legislature
levy (v./n.) leviable
liberalism,
liberalization,
liberal (adj./n.) liberalize, liberate liberalness, liberated, liberalistic liberally
liberalizer, liberalist,
liberality
licenser, licensee,
license (n./v.) licensed, licensable
licensure

likewise (adv.)

linkage, linkability,
link (v./n.) linkable, linking
linker
24


locate (v.) location, locator locatable, locational
logician, logicality,
logic (n.) logical logically
logicism, logicist
maintenance,
maintain (v.) maintainability, maintainable
maintainer
majority,
major (v./n./adj.) majoritarian, majorly
majoritarianism
manipulation, manipulative,
manipulativeness, manipulatory,
manipulate (v.) manipulatively
manipulator, manipulable,
manipulability manipulatable
manual (adj./n.) manually
marginality,
marginalize, marginalia,
margin (n.) marginal, margined marginally
marginate marginalization,
margination
maturation, maturational,
mature (v./adj.) maturely
maturity maturative
maximalism, maximalism,
maximalist, maximalist,
maximize (v.) maximization, maximization, maximally
maximizer, maximizer,
maximum maximum
mechanization,
mechanism (n.) mechanize
mechanizer
media (n.)
mediatory, medial,
medially, medianly,
mediate (v.) mediator, mediacy, median, mediational,
mediately
mediation
medicalization,
medicalize, medicable,
medical (adj.) medicament, medically
medicate medicative
medication
mediumism,
medium (adj./n.) mediumistic
mediumship
mentality,
mental (adj.) mentalism, mentalist mentalistic mentally

25


methodology, methodical,
methodization, methodic, methodically,
method (n.) methodize
methodizer, methodological methodologically
methodologist
migrant, migration, migratory,

migrate (v.)
migrator migrational
militarily,
militaria, militariness,
military (adj./n.) militarize militaristic militaristically
militarization,

minimalize minimalism,
minimal (adj.) minimalistic minimally
minimalist

minimization,
minimize (v.)
minimizer
minimum (n.)
ministry (n.) minister, ministership ministerial ministerially
minor (adj.) minority
mode (n.) modeler modeling
modification, modifiable,
modify (v.)
modifier modificatory
monitory,
monitor (v.) monitorship
monitorial
motivation,
motivated,
motivator,
motive (n./adj.) motivate motivational, motivationally
motivity
motiveless

mutuality,
mutually,
mutual (adj.) mutualize mutualism, mutualistic
mutualistically
mutualist
negation,
negativeness,

negativism,
negate (v.) negate negative, negatory, negatively
negativist,
negativistic
negativity,
negative
networking,
network (n./v.) networker
networkable
26


neutrality,
neutralization,
neutral (adj.) neutralize neutrally
neutralizer,
neutralism, neutralist
nevertheless (adv.)
nonetheless (adv.)
normativeness,
norm (n.) normative normatively
normativity
normality, normalcy,
normal (adj.) normalize normalization, normally
normalizer
notion (n.) notional notionally
notwithstanding

(prep)
nuclear (adj.)
objectiveness,
objectivization,
objective (n./adj.) objectivize objectivistic objectively
objectivism,
objectivist, objectivity
obtainer, obtainment,
obtain (v.) obtainable
obtainability
obvious (adj.) obviousness obviously
occupancy,
occupant, occupational,
occupy (v.) occupationally
occupation, occupied
occupier
occur (v.) occurrence occurrent
odds, oddness,
odd (adj.) oddish oddly
oddity, oddment
offset (v.)
ongoing (adj.) ongoingness
option (n.) optionality optional optionally
orientation, oriented,
orient (v.) orientate
orienteer orientational
27


outcome (n.)
output (n./v.) outputter
overall (adj./adv.) overalled
overlap (v/n.)
overseas

(adv./adj.)
panelling,
panel (n.)
panelist
paradigm (n.) paradigmatic paradigmatically
paragraph (n.) paragraphic
parallelization,
parallel (n./v/adj.) parallelize parallelistic
parallelism
parameter (n.) parameterize parameterization parametric parametrically
participant,
participatory,
participate (v.) participation,
participative
participator
partner (n.) partnership partnerless
passiveness,
passive (n./adj.) passively
passivity
perceive (v.) perceiver perceivable
percentage,
percent (adj./n.)
percentile
periodicity,
period (n.) periodize periodic, periodical periodically
periodization
persistence,
persist (v.) persistent persistently
persistency
perspectivism,
perspective (n.) perspectival perspectively
perspectivist
phase (n/v.) phasic, phasing

phenomenalism, phenomenal,
phenomenon (n.) phenomenalize phenomenally
phenomenalist phenomenalistic

28


philosopher,
philosophy (n.) philosophize philosophical philosophically
philosophizer
physicalness,
physicalization,
physical (adj.) physicalize physicalism, physicalistic physically
physicalist,
physicality
plus (n./adj./

preposition)
policy (n.)
portionless,
portion (n.)
portioned
poser, posable,
pose (v./n.) positionally
position positionable,
positiveness, positively,
positive (adj.) positivism, positivist, positivistic positivistically
positivity
potentialize,
potential (adj./n.) potentiality potentially
potentiate
practitioner (n.)

precedence,
precede (v.) preceding
precedent
precision, precisian,
precise (adj.) precisianism, precisely
preciseness
prediction, predictable, predictively,

predict (v.) predictability, predictive predictably
predictor
predominance, predominantly,
predominant (adj.) predominate
predomination predominately
preliminary
preliminarily
(adj./n.)
presumably,
presumable, presumedly,
presumption,
presume (v.) presuming, presumingly,
presumptuousness
presumptive presumptively,
presumptuously
29


previous (adj.) previously
primary (adj.) primarily
prime (adj.) primacy, primeness primal primally
principal (adj.) principalship principally
principle (n.) principled
prior (adj.)
priority (n.) prioritize prioritization
procedure, proceeding,
proceed (v.) procedurally
proceeds procedural
procession, processed,
process (n./v.)
processor processable
professional professionalism,
(adj./n.) professionalize profession, professionally
professionalization
prohibition,
prohibitive,
prohibitor,
prohibit (v.) prohibitory, prohibitively
prohibitiveness,
prohibitionary
prohibiter
projection,
projectile,
project (v./n.) projective projectively
projectionist,
projector
promoter, promotable,
promote (v.) promotion, promotive,
promotability promotional
proportional, proportionably,
proportion (n.) proportionate proportionality proportionable, proportionally,
proportioned proportionately
prospective,
prospect (n.) prospector prospectively
prospectless
protocol (n.)
psychologist,
psychology (n.) psychologize psychologese, psychological psychologically
psychologism
publication (n.)
30


publishing,
publish (v.) publisher
publishable
purchase (v./n.) purchaser purchasable
pursuit, pursuivant,
pursue (v.) pursuable pursuant, pursuantly
pursuer, pursuance
qualitative (adj.) qualitatively
quotation, quotable,
quote (v./n.)
quotability quotative
radicalness,
radical (adj./n.) radicalize radicalization, radically
radicalism
randomization,
random (adj.) randomize randomly
randomness
range (n./v.)
ratio (n.) ration
rationalism,
rationale,
rationalization, rationalistically,
rational (adj.) rationalize rationalistic
rationalizer, rationally
rationalist,
rationality
reactionary,
reaction, reactor,
reactive,
reactionist,
react (v.) reactivate reactionary
reactiveness,

reactivity,
reactivation
recovery,
recover (v.) recoverer, recoverable
recoverability
refinement,
refine (v.) refined
refiner
regimen, regiment, regimental,

regime (n.) regimentation, regimented
regimentally
regionalization,
region (n.) regionalize regionalism, regional regionally
regionalist
31


registration,
register (n./v.) registrant, registrar, registrable
registrarship
regulator,
regulation,
regulatory,
regulate (v.) regularize, regulate regular, regularly
regulable, regulative
regularization,
regularity
reinforcement,
reinforce (v.)
reinforcer
rejection,
rejectable,
reject (v.) rejector,
rejective
rejectionist
relaxation,
relaxer,
relax (v.) relaxed relaxedly
relaxant,
relaxedness
release (v./n.) releasee, releaser releasable
relevant (adj.) relevance relevantly
reluctance (n.) reluctant reluctantly
reliance,
rely (v.) reliability, reliable, reliant reliably
reliableness
removability, removal,
remove (v./n.)
remover removable
requirement,
require (v.) required
requirer
research (v./n.) researcher researchable
residence,
resident residential,
reside (v.) residentially
residentship, residentiary
residency
resolution,
resolvability, resolvable, resolved,
resolve (v./n.) resolvedly, resolutely
resolver, resolutive, resoluble
resoluteness
resourceless,
resource (n./v.) resourcelessness resourcefully
resourceful
32


respondent
response,
responsive,
responder, responsibly,
respond (v.) responsible,
respondence, responsively
respondent
responsibility,
responsibleness
restoration,
restorationism, restored, restorable,
restore (v.) restoratively
restorationist, restorative
restorer
restrainable,
restrain (v.) restraint, restrainer restrainedly
restrained
restriction,
restrictedness,
restricted, restrictedly,
restrict (v.) restrictionism,
restrictive restrictively
restrictionist,
restrictiveness
retainer, retention,
retain (v.) retainability, retentive, retainable
retainment
revealing,
revelation, revealer, revealable,
reveal (v.) revealingly
revelationist revelatory,
revelational
revenue (n.)
reverse (v./n./adj.) reverser, reversibility r reversal, reversible reversely, reversibly
revision, reviser, revisal, revisable,

revise (v.) revisionism, revisory, revisionary
revisionist
revolutionism,
revolution (n.) revolutionize revolutionist, revolutionary
revolutionary
rigid (adj.) rigidify rigidness, rigidity rigidly
role (n.)
route (n./v.)
route (n./v.) router
scenario (n.) scenarist
schedule (v./n.) scheduler
33


schema,
schematization, schematic, schematically,
scheme (v./n.) schematize
schematism, scheming schemingly
schemer
scope (n.)
sectionalism, sectionable,
section (n/v.) sectionalize sectionally
sectionalist sectional, sectioned
sectoral,
sector (n.)
sectorial
security,
securement,
secure (adj./v/) securitize securable, secured securely
secureness,
securitization
seek (v.) seeker
selection, selector, selective,

selectionally,
selectness, selectee, selectable,
select (v./adj.) selectively
selectiveness, selectional

selectivity
sequencing, sequentially,
sequence (n.) sequentiality
sequential, sequent sequently
seriality,
serialization,
series (n.) serialize, seriate serial, seriate seriatim, serially
serialism, serialist,
seriation
sexism, sexuality,
sexer, sexiness,
sexual, sexed, sexy, sexily, sexlessly,
sex (n.) sexualize sexist, sexlessness,
sexless, sexological sexually
sexology, sexologist,
sexualization
shifter, shiftiness, shiftable, shifty,

shift (v./n.) shiftily, shiftlessly
shiftlessness shifting, shiftless
significance,
significant (adj.) signify signification, significative significantly
significator, signifier
similar (adj.) similarity similarly
simulation, simulated,
simulate (v.)
simulator, simulant simulative
site (n.)
34


so-called (adj.)
sole (adj.) solely
somewhat (adv.)
source (v./n.)
specificity,
specific - (adj./n.) specifically
specificness
specification,
specify (v.) specifiable
specifier
sphericity, spherical, spheral,

sphere (n.) spheroid, spheric, spheroidal, spherically
spheroidicity spherular
stability,
stable (adj.) stabilize stabilization, stably
stabilizer
statistician,
statistic (n.) statistical statistically
statistics
status (n.)
straightforward
straightforwardness straightforwardly
(adj.)
strategy (n.) strategize strategist strategic, strategical strategically
stressor, stressed, stressful,

stress (n./v.) stressfully
stressfulness stressless, stressy
structuralism, structured,
structure (n./v.) structuralist, structural, structurally
structuration structureless
stylelessness, styler,
styling, stylish,
stylization,
style (n./v.) stylize stylized, styleless, stylishly, stylistically
stylishness,
stylistic
stylist
submission,
submit (v.) submitter, submissive submissively
submissiveness
subordinate
subordination subordinative subordinately
(adj./n./v.)
subsequent (adj.) subsequence subsequently
35


subsidiarity,
subsidizer,
subsidy (n.) subsidize subsidiary subsidiarily
subsidization,
subsidiary
substitutable,
substitution,
substitutive,
substitute (n./v/) substitutability
substitutional,

substitutionary
succession,
successive,
successor (n.) successiveness successively
successional

sufficient (adj.) suffice sufficiency sufficiently
sum (n./v.)
summation,
summational,
summariness,
summary (n./adj.) summarize summative summarily
summarization,

summarizer
supplementary, supplemental, supplementally,

supplement (n./v.)
supplementation supplementary supplementarily
surveillance,
survey (n./v.) surveyor,
surveyorship
survivor,
survivability,
survive (v.) survivalism, survival, survivable
survivalist,
survivorship
suspension, suspenseful,
suspend (v.) suspense, suspensory, suspensively
suspensiveness suspensive
sustainer,
sustainable, sustainedly,
sustain (v.) sustainment,
sustained sustainably
sustainability
symbolism,
symbolic,
symbolization,
symbol (n.) symbolize symbolical symbolically
symbolist,

symbology
tape (v/n.) targetable, targeted
target (v./n.)
36


task (v./n.)
team (v./n.)
technicality,
technical (adj.) technician, technical technically
technicist, technic
technique (n.)
technology (n.) technologist technological technologically
temporary (adj.) temporariness temporarily
tension, tenseness,
tensile, tensional,
tense (adj.) tensity, tensility, tensely, tensionally
tensionless, tensive
tensioner
termination, terminable,
terminate (v.) terminator, terminational terminally
terminal (adj./n.)
texter, textualism,
text (n.) textual, textless textually
textualist, textuality
theme (n.) thematize thematization thematic thematically
theorist, theorem,
theoretical,
theoretician,
theory (n.) theorize theorematic, theoretically
theorization,
theoretic
theorize
thereby (adv.)
thesis (n.)

topicality,
topic (n.) topicalize topical topically
topicalization

tracing, traceability,
trace (v./n.) traceable, traceless
tracer
traditionalist, traditional,
traditionist, traditionary,
tradition (n.) , traditionally
traditionalism traditionless,
traditionalistic
transference,
transferee, transferable,
transfer (v./n.)
transferrer, transferral
transferability
37


transformable,
transformation,
transform (v.) transformative, transformationally
transformer
transformational
transitional,
transition, transitionally,
transit (n.) transitionary,
transitoriness transitorily
transitory
transmissible,
transmission,
transmissive,
transmit (v.) transmissibility,
transmittable,
transmitter
transmittal
transportation,
transportable,
transport (n./v.) transporter,
transported
transportability

trend (n.) trendify trendiness, trendy trendy trendily

trigger (v./n.) triggered
ultimate (adj.) ultimatum, ultimacy ultimately
undergo (v.) underwent
underlie (v.) underlying
undertake (v.) undertaking
uniform (n.) uniformity uniformly
unificatory,
unification, unifier
unify (v.) unified uniformed,

uniforming
unique (adj.) uniqueness uniquely
utility, utilitarianism,
utilize (v.) utilitarian, utilizable
utilization, utilizer
valid (adj.) validate validation, validity validly
variation, variant,
variance, variability,
varied, variable,
vary (v.) variableness, variably
variational
variationist,
variable
vehicle (n.) vehicular
38


version (n.) versional
via (prep)
violate (v.) violation, violator violable
virtualization,
virtual (adj.) virtualize virtually
virtualizer, virtuality
visibility,
visible (adj.) visibly
visibleness
visionariness,
vision (n.) visional, visionless
visionary
visual (adj./n.) visualize visually
voluminousness, volumed, volumetric,

volume (n.) volumize volumetrically
volumizer voluminous
volunteerism,
voluntariness, voluntary, voluntarily,
voluntary (adj.) volunteer (n./v.)
voluntarism, voluntaristic voluminously
voluntarist
welfare (n.) welfarism, welfarist
whereas (conj.)
whereby (adv.)
widespread (adj.)
39

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The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List

570 Words You Need to Know

The Academic Word Family List

abandon (v./n.) abandonment abandoned

access (n./v.) accessibility accessible accessibly

accurate (adj.) accuracy accurate accurately

adequate (adj.) adequately

adjacent (adj.) adjacency

WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

adult (n/adj.) adulthood, adultness adultly

affectation, affection, affected, affecting,

aid (n./v) aide

allocate (v.) allocation, allocator allocable, allocative

alternative (adj.) alternatively

analysis, analyst, analytical,

annual (adj.) annualized annually

WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

apparent (adj.) apparently

arbitrary (adj.) arbitrariness arbitrarily

area (n.) areal

aspect (n.) aspectual

WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

attitude (n.) attitudinize attitudinizer attitudinal attitudinally

available (adj.) availability

aware (adj.) awareness

beneficiary, beneficial, beneficently,

bias (v./n.) biased

bond (v./n.) bonded

bulk (n.) bulkiness bulky bulkily

capacity (n.) capacitive

cease (v.) ceaseless ceaselessly

WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

channel (v./n.) channeler

chart (v./n.) charter

chemical (n./adj.) chemically

cite (v.) citation citable

clause (n.) clausal

code (n.v.) coder, coding coded

collapse (v./n.) collapsibility collapsible

commence (v.) commencement

commission (n./v.) commissioner

WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

compatible (adj.) compatibility compatibly

compile (v.) compilation, compiler

complex (n./adj.) complexity complexly

conceive (v.) conceivability conceivable conceivably

WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

confine (v.) confinement confined

consent (n./v.) consensus consensual consensually

considerable (adj.) considerably

consist (v.) consistency, consistence consistent consistently

constant (adj./n.) constancy constantly

constrain (v.) constraint constrained constrainedly

WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

consumer, consumption, consumable,

WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

core (v./n./adj.) corer

couple (v./n.) coupledom, coupler

credit (v./n.) creditor, creditability creditable creditably

criteria (n.) criterial

crucial (adj.) cruciality crucially

culture (n.) cultural culturally

debate (v./n.) debater debatable debatably

decade (n.) decadal