PIXELES CLASSES BCA & MCA (IGNOU)

Course Code : BCS-051

Course Title : Introduction to Software Engineering
Assignment Number : BCA (V)/051/Assignment/ 2015
October, 2015 (For July 2015 Session) 15 April, 2016 (For January 2016 Session)
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Question 1.Develop SRS as per IEEE standard for a Railway Reservation System (30
Marks)
Ans:-
SRS
1 INTRODUCTION: -
The SRS is being prepared for RTOBS (Railway ticket online Booking System) the purpose
system is used to maintenance user and booking details.

1.1 Purpose of SRS: -

The SRS documentation defines the structure and behavior of the system RTOBS. It defines
functions of system clearly and easily to understandable. So that, customer attraction towards it.

1.2 Scope of product

The RTOBS has scopes to increasing customer facilities and easy operation. There are various
key goals.
 Users can book the ticket from everywhere without visiting booking counter.
 Decrease the paper works.
 Saving papers.
 It provides to checks ticket availability and report booking.

1.3 Definition, Acronyms and Abbreviation

DEFINITION:
 USER: A person who can register and logging to get booking facilities.
 ADMIN: A person who manage all functionality of software.
ACRONYMS:
 RTOBS: Railway Ticket online Booking System.
 PNR: Passenger Name Record
 SDLC: Software development life cycle.

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2 General description

2.1 Product Perspective

The RTOBS consists of application server and web server.

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2.2 Product functions

The product software mainly support RTOBS
 User registration login
 Booking
 Payment
 Cancelation
2.3 User characteristics
There are two kind of user of RTOBS
 User: A person who can register and login to get booking facilities.
 Admin: A person who manages all functionality of software.
2.4 Constraints
 RTOBS can run in internet explorer, Google chrome, Opera.
 It does not work without java script.
 You cannot search booking information 5time between 10 am to 11am.
2.5 Assumption and Dependencies
The main assumption of RTOBS software to decrease the user work load so that to increase the
performance. The dependence of software is prices system that dependent on GOVT. polices
3 Specific Requirements:-
It describes function and non-function requirement of system
3.1 External interface requirements:-
It describes input output software and communication.
3.1.1 User inter face
 Login page
 Registration page
 Booking page
 Cancelation page

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 Searching
3.1.2 Hardware inter face
There is no any need of special hardware to operate this software.
3.1.3 Software interface
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Database product
 JDBC/ODBC
 PayPal
3.1.4 Communication interface
There is no need of communication interface.
3.2 Functional requirements
Registration process: it requires users’ details including ID, password and email id.
Booking process: After registration process, user can login and get information about trains &
Seats is availability, user can enter passenger name, age, address, mobile-no, payment. Click
on booking button.
Cancelation process: enter PNR-no, see the details and click on cancel button.
3.3 Performance requirements
 Search information within a 2 sec.
 Booking transaction is complete within a 5 sec.
3.4 Design constraints
 Webpage are design using HTML 5.0 and java script
3.5 Logical database requirements
 It describes the logical database for RTOBS application
3.6 Software system attributes
3.6.1 Reliability
3.6.2 Availability
3.6.3 Security
3.6.4 Maintainability

Question 2.Develop Design document for the system mentioned in Question 1. (30
Marks)
Ans:
1. Introduction:-

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Proposed software is designed to accomplish online railway reservation activities. Any valid
user can book the ticket from anywhere without visiting booking counter. Payment is more
secure so that, user can use this software without fear.
2. Methodology
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This project methodology is needed to make sure the project that consists of software
development will be developed systematically in order to acquire a better result. The overall of
the project methodology is shown as figure below:-

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User review: The project begins with requirements review where the overview of the project
needs to be known. We can identify the user’s as well as organization requirement and
establish a standard.
Database Design
Database is required to improve the functionality of this project. Therefore, the first stage of
software development is to create the database. Database is a body of information made up of Page | 5
related pieces of data organized so that they can be easily manipulated by the users. We have
developed a database in SQL Server 2005.
GUI Design and coding:-
Create the suitable GUI complete with coding GUI is a way to interact with a computer using
pictures and other visual elements displayed on a computer screen. The pictures and buttons
used to control many Internet sites are an example of a GUI. Programmer can write the required
coding as per design architecture.
Coding Design:-
This coding designing showed how programming language would be implemented. It also will
explain the purpose for each coding development. SQL statement is used in order to make sure
that interfaces can be connected with database.
Software testing:-
Software testing is the process used to measure the quality of developed computer software to
determine that the software meets its required results. This testing process of executing a
program is intended of finding errors.

Design Prototype:-
A prototype is a visible, mini replica of the real system that has essential function and important
interfaces, but not the whole system itself. The idea is to build a first simplified version of the
system and seek feedback from the people involved in order to then design a better version.
This process is repeated until the system meets the client’s condition of acceptance.

3. Detailed design:-
Context Level DFD

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DFD for Booking

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DFD for ticket Cancelation

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4. Interface Design
The purpose of interface design is to determine how the layout of the system and to make sure
that this layout suitable with user requirement. The good designing can attract the users and
supposedly not confused the users with each functions of the system. For instance, the
developer also needs to concern about user-friendly interface during designing phase. Through
this system, there are some elements, which been used to design the interface. Interface may
contain following controls:-
4.1. Text Box
The user can key in the input in the text boxes. However, certain text boxes only receive
numeric inputs, but not character input such as Name.
4.2. Button
There are a few buttons which been prepared for the user’s usage such as accept, ok , cancel,
close, update, save , print and search button. All these buttons have their own functions.
4.3. Combo Box
The purpose of the combo box is to list all selection items there. Therefore, the users do not
need to key in any input, but they can drag down the scroll and choose the best list as their
input.
4.4. Data Designer-Report Generator
It used to view the report about summary of data record a list of files, which are already kept in
database.
5. Prototype Design :-
A prototype is a visible, mini replica of the real system that has essential function and important
interfaces, but not the whole system itself. The idea is to build a first simplified version of the
system and seek feedback from the people involved in order to then design a better version.
This process is repeated until the system meets the client’s condition of acceptance.

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6. Conclusions
As for the conclusion, the objectives for this project were achieved and functioned well as the
desired target. This system will help the railway ticket booking database works systematically
and will make ease the user in order to manage all the data in the system. As the future
recommendation, the project is recommended to be built with the fully functional software that
fulfills all the criteria needed and also applied with more complicated algorithm to the system.
7. Acknowledgment
We are grateful to IGNOU for giving this project to students to do research and experimental
works in order to complete this study. Thank you to all the supports given.
8. References
8.1. Eliason & Malarkey, “C#”, Programming & Application”, 2004.
8.2. Rick Dobson, “SQL Server 2005”, 2007

Question 3. How will you comment about the quality of a Software System? (20 Marks)
Ans:

Software quality may be defined as conformance to explicitly stated functional and performance
requirements, explicitly documented development standards and implicit characteristics that are
expected of all professionally developed software.

The three key points in this definition:

 Software requirements are the foundations from which quality is measured. Lack of
conformance to requirement is lack of quality.
 Specified standards define a set of development criteria that guide the manager is
software engineering. If criteria are not followed lack of quality will usually result.
 A set of implicit requirements often goes unmentioned, for example ease of use,
maintainability etc. If software confirms to its explicit requirement but fails to meet implicit
requirements, software quality is suspected.
Software Quality Factors

A software quality factor is a non-functional requirement for a software program, which is not
called up by the customer's contract, but it is a desirable requirement that enhances the quality
of the software program. Some software qualities factors are listed here:-
McCall Software Quality Model

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Product operation: Factors which are related to the operation of a product are combined.
These five factors are related to operational performance, convenience, ease of usage and its
correctness.
The factors are:
 Correctness: Extent to which a program satisfies its specifications and fulfils the user’s
mission objectives. Page | 9
 Efficiency: Amount of computing resources and code required by a program to perform
a function.
 Integrity: Extent to which access to software or data by unauthorized persons can be
controlled.
 Reliability: Extent to which a program can be expected to perform its intended function
with required precision.
 Usability: Effort required learning, operating, preparing input and interpreting output of a
program.
Product Revision: These factors pertain to the testing & maintainability of software. They give
us idea about ease of maintenance, flexibility and testing effort.
Factors are:-
 Maintainability: Effort required for locating and fixing a defect in an operational
program.
 Flexibility: Effort required for modifying an operational program.
 Testability: Effort required for testing a program to ensure that it performs its intended
functions.
3. Product Transition: We may have to transfer a product from one platform to another
platform or from one technology to another technology. The factors are given below:-
 Portability: Effort required transferring a program from one hardware and/or software
environment to another.
 Reusability: Extent to which parts of a software system can be reused in other
applications.
 Interoperability: Effort required to couple one system with another.
ISO 9126 Software Quality Model
There are six factors:-
Functionality has been subdivided into:
 Suitability
 Accuracy
 Interoperability: The capability of the software to interact with one or more specified
systems.
 Security
Reliability has been subdivided into:
 Maturity: The capability of the software to avoid failure as a result of faults in the
software.
 Fault Tolerance:
 Recoverability:
Usability has been subdivided into:

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 Understandability
 Learnability
 Operability
 Attractiveness
Efficiency has been subdivided into:
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 Time Behaviour
 Resource Utilization:
Maintainability has been subdivided into:
 Analyzability: The capability of the software product to be diagnosed for deficiencies or
causes of failures in the software or for the parts to be modified to be identified.
 Changeability:
 Stability: The capability of the software to minimize unexpected effects from
modifications of the software.
 Testability
Portability has been subdivided into:
 Adaptability:
 Installability
 Coexistence
 Replaceability
***End***

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 Generally, students opted project as Hotel Management, Hospital
Management, Library Management, Railway ticket booking, Airline
ticket booking etc. These are very common topics and not so good for
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your academic records as well as performance evaluation.
 We don't believe in above topics. We provide you a genuine and real
project's topic.
 We don't copy synopsis and project from anywhere.
 We provide special academic project training to the students of BCA &
MCA (IGNOU) including Synopsis + project + Viva-voce.
 We provide Synopsis with 100% Approval.

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