2019 International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

Domicile - An IoT Based Smart Home Automation

System
Md. Saniat Rahman Zishan Syed Ishmam Ahmad
Md. Sadad Mahamud
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Dept. of Electrical and Electronic
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic
Enginnering Enginnering
Enginnering
American International University- American International University-
American Intenational University-
Bnagladesh Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh
saniat@aiub.edu ahmed.ishmam07@gmail.com
sadad@aiub.edu
Ahmed Rezaur Rahman Mehedi Hasan Md.Lutfur Rahman
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Dept. of Electrical and Elctronic Dept. of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering Enginnering Enginnering
American International University- American International University- American International University-
Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka,Bangladesh Dhaka, Bnagladesh
rrezaur72@gmail.com redoyhasan123@gmail.com md.lutfurrahmanaiub@gmail.com

Abstract— We are living in the fourth industrial revolution.

Our life is becoming more comfortable and smarter with the
help of rapid upgrade of technology. Internet of things (IoT) is
playing a massive role in this. One of the major sides of IoT is a
smart home. As we are in the era of never-ending growth of the
internet and its application, smart home system or home
automation system is highly increasing to provide comfort in
life and improving the quality of life. In this paper, we present
an IoT based low-cost smart home automation system. This
system is based on a web portal which controlled by an ESP32
Wi-Fi module. Also, a custom-made private home web server is
developed for maintaining the current states of home
appliances.
Keywords—Home Automation, IoT, ESP32 Module, Relay
Module, Cloud Server
I. INTRODUCTION
We are moving towards to world of Internet. Where
every physical object will be controlled and communicated
with the internet. A research shows that, Internet of Things
(IoT) connected devices installed base worldwide from 2015
to 2025 will be 75.44 billons [1]. With the advent of vocal
recognition software, such as Amazon Alexa, there is a large
demand for home automation [2]. Our main goal is to
develop a way to efficiently and affordably transform a pre-
existing home into a smart home. In this paper we proposed a
low cost, less power consumption IoT based system. By
using this system, the registered person can control his/her
home appliances from anywhere anytime. Also, the
registered person can monitor his/her home electrical
appliances. We created a custom-made private server for
monitoring and controlling the system. The server is
communicated with the ESP32 Wi-Fi module. By assessing
the server, the registered person can turn on/off his home
appliances. And as it is a private home server it is also
secreted. The home server is created based on OSI model of
network architecture. As the world home automation system
market is expected to grow from USD 32.11 Billion in 2015
to USD 78.27 Billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 12.46 between
2016 and 2022 using IoT system [3]. So, it important to feel
the change of upcoming era and make the changes. That’s
why in this paper we proposed a system where user can use a
cost-effective smart home automation system.
II. RELATED WORKS
Many researches are going on in this home automation
system. J. Saha with his coauthors presented a system on
Advanced IOT Based Combined Remote Health
Monitoring, Home Automation and Alarm System where
the authors presented a system for both remote health and
home automation with alarm system [4]. K. GB, D. Kumar,
K. Pai, Mannikandan J proposed a system called design of a
phoneme-based voice-controlled home automation system
where authors researched on different type of voice signals
and by using those voice signals they proposed a home
automation system [5]. A. Shinde with coauthor present a
paper on smart home automation system using IP,
Bluetooth, GSM and Android [6]. T. Chakraborty and S. K.
Datta presented a system called home automation using
edge computing internet of things where they presented
edge computing concept in the home automation system [7].
Dr. V. Chayapathy; Dr. Anitha G S; Sharath B presented a
paper IoT based home automation system by using personal
assistant [8]. M. Al-Kuwari with his coauthor proposed a
system on smart home automation using IoT based Sensing
and Monitoring Platform where the authors presented a very
basic concept of how a home automation can be done using
IoT [9]. And many other researches have done different
works on this home automation system. Also, many other
researchers are still working on this vast field.
III. ARCHITECTURE MODEL
The full System is based on a microcontroller Arduino
UNO and a Wi-Fi module ESP32. Main controlling is done
by the microcontroller where all the data first fetched than
decode and finally Arduino execute is commented execution
cycle and the communication controlling is being done with
the Wi-Fi module ESP32. ESP32 module is directly
communication with the private server and update Arduino
if any changed or update was made by the register author.
Fig.1 shows the architecture model of the proposed system.
Here, we just used two loads as a prototype. But, in future
system multipole number of load or home appliances can be
connected with this system as per user requirements.

978-1-5386-8014-8/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE

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 2019 International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)
Fig . 1 Architecture Model of the proposed system.
IV. SYSTEM DESIGN
The total system is based on Arduino UNO. Wi-Fi
module connecting the system with the internet server. The
data from the server is received after successful connection.
Then the data is processed into Arduino for the future
operation. Fig. 2 shows the simulation model of the system
architecture. The full simulation is done by using Fritzing
[10] simulation software.
Fig . 2 Simulation Model of the Proposed System
For monitoring the room temperature and humidity the
system is connected with the temperature and humidity
sensor. By using I2C data protocol the sensor data is
decoded into Arduino and future process is being done.
Also, for safety purpose of the house a gas sensor relates to
the system. If a predefined threshold level of gas sensor
value is crossed than the Arduino will provide an emergency
massage into the web server. And for testing purpose the
prototype is being developed with only two light loads. Both
the loads have been connected with two relay modules with
the system. This prototype system can control up to 10 loads
and user can connect any load with this system which can be
controlled by the relay module. The system is running on
5V and 2A current.
A. Arduino UNO:
Arduino UNO is a Microcontroller Unit Board (MCB)
which is based on ATmega328p chip. It has a flash memory
32KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader and SRAM of 2
KB. Also, it has 1 KB EEPROM with a clock speed of
16MHz [11]. Arduino is connecting all the sensors, loads
and the server together. All the sensor and web data are first
fetched then decoded into Arduino. After decoding all the
data, Arduino excecated its predefined conditional
operation. Turn on or off the load and updating the server
data. Fig. 3 shows the prototype hardware model.
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Fig . 3 Hardware Model of the Proposed System
B. ESP32 Module:
ESP32 can perform as a complete standalone system or
as a slave device to a host MCU, reducing communication
stack overhead on the main application processor [12].
ESP32 is based on its main processor Tensilica Xtensa 32-
bit LX6 with a clock frequency up to 240 MHz and
performance up to 600 DMIPS. It’s also had Wi-Fi 802.11
b/g/n with 2.4 GHz up to 150 Mbit/s. Its internal memory is
448 KIb [13]. In this proposed system this module is
connecting Arduino with the server. Fig. 3 shows the
network layer model of our proposed system. Here some
home appliances are related to the microcontroller which is
working like an edge computing [14] unit. Then comes the
fog computing unit [15] which collects the small network
data and maintains the small network communication. This
communication is done here by the ESP32 module. If there
are many small network connections with the same cloud,
then more than one fog network will be performing the
individual data. Fig.4 Shows the system architecture model
where end devices are connected with the micro controlling
unit. Data in microcontroller goes to fog computing unit
where multiple microcontroller can be connected. Finally
the fog unit is connected with the cloud where multiple fog
unit can be connected.
Fig . 4 System Network layer model
In this system ESP32 is used for connecting the system with
the cloud. The ESP32 module reads the sensor data which is
gathered by Arduino and process in to the cloud. A private
cloud domain server is created for testing this system as
“domicile.com”. The domain is created with the help of
PHP and all the data is stored on the PHP data base. ESP32
is working like a router and operated into the network layer
of the OSI model [16]. All the data will be first converted in
to packet then this packets will be converted into farm and
then finally into bits to go through internet. After entering to
the internet all the data converted from bit to packet and
finally packet to individual data. So, it follows the OSI
reference model network layer.
 2019 International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

C. Relay Module: H. IoT Web Server:

As it already known that a relay is an electrically Testing purpose, we have created our custom-made
operated switch. The basic working principle is it can be server. The server is a private cloud domain server. The user
turned on or off based on letting current go through or not. can get all the update of his smart home from this server
By this it can turn on any load on or off. This on and off is also he/she can make all the required changes of his/her
controlling by the Arduino. We have used here 12V one house from this server. The monitoring web portal is
channel two relay modules. When any changes were made created with PHP and all the data is stored on a MySQL
in the server the data is processed by Arduino and then server. After logging into the web portal, author can register
Arduino will give a pulse to the relay module channel which ID and the user can see the real time condition of their home
will turn on or off the load. and can change the updates. Fig. 7 shows the present health
condition of a patient in the domicile web portal.
D. Gas Sensor:
We have used a MQ2 gas sensor in this system. MQ2
gas sensor is very popular sensor module to detect gas
leakage. They are sensitive to a range of gasses and are used
indoors at room temperature. The output is an analog signal
or analog voltage which can be read with an analog input of
the Arduino. If the predefined range of this analog value
crosses than Arduino will update an emergency status into
the web server through the Wi-Fi module. Fig 5 and Fig 6
show the gas sensor results in hardware and IoT web server.

Fig . 7 Private cloud domain IoT server domicile.com

V. RESULTS
Table I shows the prototype system result. Where changes in
the IoT server also make change in the hardware device.
Fig . 5 Message when gas threshold value crosses
TABLE I. IOT WEB SERVER RESULT
IoT server Preview Load Preview

Fig . 6 Web server update for emergency of gas

E. Temperature and Humanity sensor:

In this system we have used a Grove - Temperature &
Humidity Sensor (DHT11). This sensor provides a pre-
calibrated digital output. A unique capacitive sensor element
measures relative humidity and the temperature is measured
by a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. It
has excellent reliability and long-term stability [17].

F. 16*2 LCD display:

A 16*2 LCD display have been used in this system for
showing the current condition. If any changes or update
were made from Arduino, the result of graphical change will
be shown into the display.

G. Load:
For testing the prototype, we have just connected two
loads with the system. Both the loads are 220V AC light
bulb.

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Table II shows the changed updates in the LCD display. We for a smarter life style. Here IoT plays a big role. In this
have manually increased the gas sensor value and proposed system users can change the load number
temperature sensor value to check the system. according to their requirement through the web portal. And
if the server is hosted on a public IP then the user can
TABLE II. HARDWARE RESULT PREVIEW control this server and monitor this server from anywhere in
this world. Though many future updates can further improve
LCD display Preview Real time Load Preview this proposed system. The server can be made more user
friendly. More than one house can be connected into the
server from there is possibility to monitor power
consumption of an area. Further work is still going on. We
believe that by using this Internet of Things we can create a
difference between normal life and smart life.

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