A Design on IoT (Internet of Things) Approach for

Monitoring of Sulfur Oxide Gas

1st Muhammad Arifin Ardi
Departement of Electrical Engineering
University of PGRI Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi, Indonesia
ardyengineer@gmail.com
2nd Muhammad Nurkahfi
Departement of Electrical Engineering
University of PGRI Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi, Indonesia
kahfi040898@gmail.com
3rd Fellian Helmi Pristianto
Departement of Electrical Engineering
University of PGRI Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi, Indonesia
hfellian@gmail.com

4th Arif Fahmi 5th Ratna Mustika Yasi

Departement of Electrical Engineering Departement of Electrical Engineering
University of PGRI Banyuwangi University of PGRI Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi, Indonesia Banyuwangi, Indonesia
fahmi03031995@gmail.com nanacan12@gmail.com

Abstract— This paper explain the research monitoring II. BASIC THEORY
based internet of things (IoT) sulfur oxide using MQ136
sensors, which functions to detect physical phenomena of sulfur A. MQ136 Sensor
oxide concentration with a range by 1 to 100 PPM (part per MQ136 sensor consists of sensitive material in the form
million). Processing analog to digital signal MQ136 sensor of SnO2 (Tin Oxide). The MQ 136 sensor works by utilizing
wield Atmega2560 microcontroller. Futhermore, the data is
the level of conductivity of the material on the sensor, if the
transmitted using a two-way communication series NodeMCU
ESP8266 module. Test method make use of miniature
air condition is clean, the conductivity level is low, and vice
geographical mountain which is designed with a system of versa. So that by utilizing the sensor conductivity can be
blowing sulfur oxide. The distribution of sulfur oxide used as an output signal that is related to the concentration
concentration was detected using MQ136 sensor which is of sulfur oxide detected in the air. The following is the
placed at some point to represent zoning of the solfatara MQ136 sensor datasheet [6].
mountain region. The level of concentration of sulfur oxide can
be observed online and realtime using web. From the test
results monitoring based internet of things (IoT) sulfur oxide
has a speed and accuracy rate 98%.

Keywords— Internet of things (IoT), MQ136 sensor,

Monitoring, NodeMCU ESP8266 module, Sulfur oxide.

I. INTRODUCTION
Sulfur oxide (SOx) is a compound consisting of sulfur
dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) which has different
characteristics. Sulfur oxide has unique characteristics
which are sharp and unreactive, while sulfur trioxide is very
reactive and easily reacts to water vapor (H2O) in the air to
form sufuric acid (H2SO4)[1-2].
Direct exposure to sulfur oxides at concentrations above
0.4 ppm can trigger respiratory system disorders and some
cardiovascular diseases. At concentrations of 1-2 ppm can
cause irritation to sensitive people and for people who are
quite immune irritation will be felt at a concentration of 6
ppm. Relatively long exposure to sulfur oxides can cause
severe inflammation of the mucous membranes followed by
paralysis of the respiratory system, damage to the epithelium
wall which is ultimately followed by death[3].
In addition, exposure to sulfur oxide can also affect the
environment in the form of corrosion caused by the
sulfidation process. The importance take care of health and
development of technology has become the main idea of the
author to make tools that can be used for monitoring based
internet of things (IoT) sulfur oxide[4-5]. So that in the
future this tool can help the wider community to monitor the
concentration of sulfur oxide somewhere by online and
realtime .
Fig. 1. Structure MQ136 sensor [6]
Where, (1) gas sensing layer material SnO 2, (2) electode
material Au, (3) electrode material Pt, (4) heater coil
material Ni-Cr alloy, (5) Tubular Ceramic material Al 2O3,
(6) Anti-explotion network material stanless steel gauze, (7)
Calm ring material copper plating Ni, (8) Resin base
material Bakelite, (9) Tube pin material copper plating Ni.
B. NodeMCU ESP8266 module
NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It includes
firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from
Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the
ESP-12 module. The term “NodeMCU” by default refers to
the firmware rather than the DevKit[7].
C. Internet Of Things (IoT)
Internet of things is a concept oriented to internet
connectivity in exchanging information with each other.
Information can be in the form of several sensors that have
different functions to exchange information without the
interaction of humans and can be processed and analyzed[5].

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

 III. RESEARCH METHOD
In this chapter the author presents several important points
strat
in the research method including block system diagrams,
system circuit schemes, and calibration MQ136 sensor.
A. System Block Diagram

MQ136 sensor Server

ATmega2560 Web
Firebase Account Auth
Initialization
NodeMCU ESP8266
Get Data Json From
Get Data Firebase Using
Firebase
Fig. 2. System block diagram monitoring sulfur oxide “Once”

The system block diagram includes 3 stages. The first, input Parse Json Data
stage is to detect physical phenomenon of the concentration of
sulfur oxide using the MQ136 sensor. Second, the process stage
is the conversion of analog to digital signals of sulfur oxide Full Request Json Parse To
concentration using Atmega 2560 microcontroller. Furthermore, Array
the data from Atmega 2560 microcontroller is sent to server
using Node ESP8266 module. Third, the output stage which is
information concentration of sulfur oxide can be displayed on
the web online and realtime. Success

B. Circuit schemes

Show Statistics Data To Show Realtime Data To

Web Web

End End
C. Flowchart
In this sub-chapter describes two research
flowcharts, including (a) JavaScript pseudo
code (b) Node ESP8266 module pseudo code.

(a) (b)

(b) (d)

Fig. 3. (a) schematic of the power supply (b) NodeMcu (c)

Microcontroler (d) MQ 136 sensor
Based on the circuit scheme in Figure 3, it is explained that
MQ136 sensor functions to detect concentration of sulfur oxide.
Furthermore, the signal is processed using an ATmega 2560
microcontroller to be converted into a value that can be
understood by humans, then the data sent to Node ESP8266
module uses a two-way USART (Universal
Synchronousinchronous Receiver Transmitter)
communication series for the data to be sent to the server
using internet access.
 Fig. 4. JavaScript pseudo code Initialize Firebase Account

Start
“Set” data to “Push” data to
Firebase Firebase

Program Initialization
Set Data to "NULL"

Calibration of MQ136 MQ136 sensor

sensors initialization
End

Read SOx Fig. 5. Node ESP8266 module pseudo code

Concentration

Identify applicable funding agency here. If none, delete this text box
D. Equations
The process of calibrating MQ136 sensor refers to the
datasheet issued by Hanwei Electronics Co.Ltd as its official
maker, the characteristics of the MQ136 sensor can be seen
in figure 6.
In figure 7, describes monitoring based internet of things
(IoT) sulfur oxide. this interface provides us with information
about four concentrations of sulfur oxide with real time data.
B. Sulfur Oxide concentration interface

Fig. 8. Sulfur oxide concentration interface

Figure 8 shows the interface of gauge sulfur oxide
concentration. there are four gauges represent each
concentration of sulfur oxide and its location. Based on the test
Fig. 6. Characteristics of MQ136 sensor results obtained the sulfur oxide concentration at location
(A) has a concentration level of sulfur oxide of 0.2 ppm,
The graph in Figure 6 shows the resistance ratio of
location (B) of 1.1 ppm, location (C) of 7.7 ppm, and location
sensor conductivity is directly proportional to the
(D) of 0.7 ppm.
concentration of sulfur oxide. With the result that obtained
an equation as follows. C. Data Real Time Sulfur Oxide Concentration
1
= (3.1)
0
(3.2)

=( −1) ×
(3.3)

Where :
1. = Sensor test voltage
2. = Output voltage
3. = Sensor resistance
4. 0 = Sensor resistance at 50 ppm
5. = Ppm gas concentration Fig. 9. Data real time sulfur oxide concentration
Figure 9, informs about data real time sulfur oxide
IV. RESULT AND MONITORING concentration along with its location at Monday, jully 1,
15:51:37.
In this chapter, explain the interface monitoring based
internet of things (IoT) sulfur oxide. Instrumen testing D. Statistics Sulfur Oxide Concentration
conducted in the laboratory of the University of PGRI
Banyuwangi using miniature geography of a mountain.
A. Monitoring Based IoT Sulfur Oxide

Fig. 10. Statistics sulfur oxide concentration

Figure 10, shows the statistics sulfur oxide

concentration. This statistical data can store information on
sulfur oxide concentrations in one year.
Fig. 7. Monitoring based IoT sulfur oxide
E. Analysis of sulfur oxide concentration based on sensor sensor and farther the distance then sulfur oxide
position concentration (PPM) is getting lower, and vice versa.
The following is analysis on sulfur oxide concentration
(PPM) values based on changes in sensor position from gas
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
source.
The author thanks God. To Parents. To the entire
Table I. Data Analysis Based on Sensor Position academic community of the University of PGRI
Range Banyuwangi especially lecturers and students of the
No. Angle Value (PPM) Bachelor of Electrical Engineering who have contributed to
(cm)
the completion of this research.
1 50 10 33,3 Funded by: Directorate of Student Affairs. Directorate
0 General of Learning and Student Affairs. Ministry of
2 8 14 25,3
Research, Technology and Higher Education 5 Field Student
3 80 20 14,9 Creativity Program (PKM) Year 2019 Number 754 / SPK /
4 15 0
22 12,2 KM.02.01 / 2019 April 22 2019
0
5 18 29 11,1
0 REFERENCES
6 18 30 9,8
7 450 31 9,3 [1] R. Steudel, "Homocyclic Sulfur Oxides," ResearchGate, vol. 1, pp.
0 313-327, 2014.
8 45 36 8,7
[2] E. R.-V. B. K. P. Dzhamal R. Uzun, "A Method for the Simultaneous
9 450 42 7,4 Cleansing of H2S andSO2," Hindawi, vol. 2016, pp. 1-5, 2016.
[3] "Sulfur Oxides," in Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook,
WORLD BANK GROUP, 1998, p. 233.
Where : [4] S. Ziegler, S. Nikoletsea, S. Krco, J. Rolim and J. Fernandes, "Internet
1. Angle : the position of the sensor against the slope of Things and crowd sourcing - a paradigm change for the research on
of the gas source the Internet of Things," 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of
Things (WF-IoT), Milan, 2015, pp. 395-399.
2. Range: the range between position of sensor and
[5] B. Xu, J. Zheng and Q. Wang, "Analysis and Design of Real-Time
gas source Micro-Environment Parameter Monitoring System Based on Internet
3. Value: gas concentration in units of ppm of Things," 2016 IEEE International Conference on Internet of
4. Wind speed from the fan is 6.6 kmph Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications
(GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing
5. Wind speed from air compressor 11.2 kmph (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData), Chengdu, 2016, pp.
6. The gas concentration in the tube is +/- 35 ppm 368-371.
7. The duration of testing per each variable is 4-6 [6] L. HANWEI ELECTRONICS CO., "Hanwei," 2019. [Online].
Available: https://www.hwsensor.com/. [Accessed 7 april 2019].
seconds
[7] Henry, "Einstronic Enterprise," [Online]. Available:
8. Fan distance with a 45 cm sensor https://einstronic.com/. [Accessed 12 april 2019].

Based on table I, shows the effect of sensor position for

sulfur oxide concentration (PPM), the greater slope angle of