FACTORS AFFECTING THE BOARD RATING 0F CRIMINOLOGY IN FATHER

SATURNINO URIOS UNIVERSITY FOR THE PAST THREE YEARS (2016-2018)

A Thesis

Presented to the

Faculty of the Criminal Justice Education Program

Father Saturnino Urios University

Butuan City

In Partial Fulfilment of

The Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Education

Hazel Joy V. Perla

Jufil lou D. Ignilan

Justine Joseph O. Demegillo

Jan Lenbert S. Rodrigo

September 2019
 ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the board rating of the

three selected schools in Caraga from the past three years (2016-2018). It aims to

describe the school’s performance; to present the performance/board rating in the

Licensure Examination of the three selected schools, and to propose a plan of action or

give a recommendation for the students or school to improve the board performance of

the School.
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Becoming a Criminologist is not an easy task-one has to graduate with a

Bachelor’s degree in Criminology and pass the Criminologist Licensure Examination

(CLE) yet, many is wanting to be one. Some of their reasons in becoming a police officer

is that, a police officer has the opportunity to save lives every day, they can help people

make better choices, a police officer’s life is never a routine (some people don’t like

routine), and of course, the compensation and benefits are good.

Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as social phenomenon. It

includes within its scope the processes of making laws, of breaking laws and of reacting

towards the breaking of the laws. Wolfgang, M. E. (1963).

Criminology can thus be said to be and academic discipline that employs scientific

methodology to study crime, its major forms, its reasons for existence or causation and

how the criminal justice system can respond to crime. In its narrower sense, criminology

looks at criminal behaviour of individuals in society and how they come to be perceived

as such i.e. their social, cultural and economic background. In a wider sense, it looks at

how the criminal is dealt with e.g. how he is punished and therefore includes penology.

Their passing and that of others has reminded us how fortunate we have in our careers

to have experienced the inordinate contributions of remarkable criminologists. In fact we

not only have known personally many of these wonderful people who shaped thinking

within criminology. Lilly, J. R., Cullen, F. T., & Ball, R. A. (2018).

 Normally, the BS Criminology program takes 4 years to complete. Board

Examination is scheduled twice a year in the months of April and October. The main

subjects of the board exam include Criminal Jurisprudence, Procedure and Evidence;

Law Enforcement Administration; Criminalistics; Crime Detection and Investigation;

Sociology of Crimes and Ethics; and Correctional Administration.

The enactment of Republic Act No. 6506 in 1972 created the Criminologist

Licensure Examination. The examination was aimed to standardize the profession of

criminologists in the country. However, the law was not implemented until 1988. At

present, the CLE is conducted twice a year by the Professional Regulation Commission.

Although, the PRC publishes the results of the CLE and the performance of the schools

offering degrees of criminology, the quest to determine the likely predictors of the

examinees’ performance has not yet been fully addressed. Barrera, D. J., Cagang, S., &

Capistrano, D. (2013).

The performance of the graduates in an institution who take the licensure

examination determines the quality of education the school provides, which eventually

guarantees the efficiency and effectiveness of its graduate’s application of the things he

or she has learned in his or her chosen profession or career. It was also suggested in one

of the author’s readings that a higher standard of performance of the instructional system

and consequently, the performance of the students in the licensure examinations reflects

the institution’s efficiency as well as the intellectual capacity of the students that the school

has cultivated in the span of time that the students have remained in its portals

(Investigating the Macro Perspective Affecting the Passing Rate in Board Examinations:

A Take-off Point in Designing a Causal Model, pp. 108-109).

 The Researchers were interested in knowing the factors that affects the board

rating of Father Saturnino Urios University Bachelor of Science in Criminology, for they

believe that knowing these factors will help students in passing the board exam and will

improve the school’s performance. Also, passing the Criminologist Licensure

Examination given by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) can be one of the

greatest achievements in the life of a criminology graduate. The examination is intended

to prove the graduates’ knowledge, progress, skills and qualifications in a particular

profession. Hence, this could be a lot of help for the students who aren’t graduate yet and

are planning to take the board exam.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researcher reviews some literature and readings that have

bearing on the study.

Criminology

Criminology is the study of the law enforcement and criminal justice system. A

person looking for a career in criminal justice will very likely first seek to earn

a criminology degree. Roufa, T. (2019)

Criminologist Licensure Examination

Republic Act No. 6506, enacted on July 01, 1972 an act creating the Board of

Examiners for criminologists provides the area of concentration in the Criminology Board

Examination. These areas of concentration are also the topics emphasized in every

Criminology Review Center. The following are the areas of concentration with their
respective relative weights: Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure (20%), Law

Enforcement Administration (20%), Correctional Administration (15%), Criminalistics

(20%), Criminal Sociology (15%), and Ethics and Human Relations (15%). Most people

think that taking the licensure examinations conducted by the Professional Regulation

Commission (PRC) in the Philippines is difficult, but people do not usually notice that what

makes the exam really difficult is that they lack the preparation necessary for the board

exam (Republic Act No. 6506 An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists

in the Philippines and for Other Purposes, Section 14). Enacted by the Senate and House

of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress. In order to pass the examination, a

candidate must subjects.

A Criminologists job includes practice in the field of Law Enforcement as an agent,

adviser or administrator; as a Technician in Dactyloscopy, Ballistics and other scientific

aspects of crime detection; as an officer in any Correctional and Penal institution; as a

Counselor in various agencies such as those involved in criminal research or public

welfare; or as a teacher or instructor of Criminology subjects in universities (“BS in

Criminology in the Philippines”). Normally, the BS Criminology program takes 4 years to

complete. Board Examination is scheduled twice a year in the months of April and

October. The main subjects of the board exam include Criminal Jurisprudence, Procedure

and Evidence; Law Enforcement Administration; Criminalistics; Crime Detection and

Investigation; Sociology of Crimes and Ethics; and Correctional Administration. Many

students after graduation have 5-6 months to review the material before the board exam.

Review programs are usually provided by the school. However, some students decide on
enrolling at specialized review centers (“BS in Criminology in the Philippines”). Montalbo,

N. W. V., Vino, J. C. M., & Mojares, R. E

The performance of the graduates in licensure examination is a positive measure

of the quality and standard of education a particular school provides. A source of prestige

of an educational institution is the quality of its graduates. It is an indicator of the kind of

educational training and learning they were provided by their school (Basaen, Bejar &

Bambao, 2005). Buenaobra and Medallon (2013) also corroborate that the true measure

of any board program is passing the ultimate test, the board exams. Basaen et al. (2005)

further corroborate that the passing rate is a key factor measuring the kind of students

and quality of instruction the faculty provided. It is also an indicator of the kind of faculty

and teaching competence that prevail in a school. Moreover, the performance of the

graduates reveals to a certain extent how well equipped they are which could also be

attributed to the instructional materials provided by the institution (Candido Perez, Ph.D.).

In accordance with the Republic Act No. 11131, also known as the Philippine

Criminology Profession Act of 2018, any person who wants to practice his profession in

criminology is required to pass a licensure examination given by the PRC’s Professional

Regulatory Board of Criminology. To comply with this law, the PRC is conducting

the Criminologist Licensure Examination (CLE) twice a year

(https://topnotcher.ph/criminology-board-exam-2018/).

According to several research, college academic performance influences licensure

exam performance. Such emphasizes the importance of the delivery of the curriculum to

the students, which implies that commitment to effective and efficient instruction to
facilitate students' academic achievement should be observed among all faculty

members.

Learning activities that are directly based on student needs, that focus on study

and examination techniques, and that are largely student‐driven, result in effective and

valuable outcomes.

Beckert, L., Wilkinson, T. J., & Sainsbury, R. (2003).

However, The causal impact of attributions on academic performance was

examined by changing low-scoring students' attributions regarding their poor

performances. Initially, when students who were failing a college course identified the

cause of the performance, they emphasized external, uncontrollable causes. Because

these self-serving attributions could have perpetuated poor performance on subsequent

examinations, students in the experimental condition were exposed to information that

suggested that grades in college are caused by internal, controllable factors such as

effort and motivation. Noel, J. G., Forsyth, D. R., & Kelley, K. N. (1987).

There are several ways of defining quality of higher education institutions (HEI) in

the Philippines. One tangible measure commonly used in the country is the

performance of an HEI’s graduates in state licensure examinations (Padua, 2003).

Through these examinations, the skills and competencies which are said to be the likely

outputs of a quality-assured HEI (Padua, 2012) could be measured to some extent.

Unlike in other countries, criminology and criminal justice education in the country is not

spared from this criterion. It is worth noting that, to our knowledge, it is only in the

Philippines that criminology graduates are required to pass the criminologist licensure

examination (CLE) before they can be considered as “criminologists.” This is mandated

by Republic Act No. 6506, the law that created the CLE. Barrera, D. J., Cagang, S., &

Capistrano, D. (2013).

Theoretical Framework

An Attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion.

Proposes a theory of motivation and emotion in which causal ascriptions play a key role.

Evidence is presented indicating that in achievement-related contexts there are a few

dominant causal perceptions, and it is suggested that the perceived causes of success

and failure share the 3 common properties of locus, stability, and controllability, with

intentionality and globality as other possible causal structures. The perceived stability of

causes influences changes in expectancy of success; all 3 dimensions of causality affect

a variety of common emotional experiences, including anger, gratitude, guilt,

hopelessness, pity, pride, and shame. Expectancy and affect, in turn, are presumed to

guide motivated behaviour. The theory therefore relates the structure of thinking to the

dynamics of feeling and action. Analysis of a created motivational episode involving

achievement strivings is offered, and numerous empirical observations are examined

from this theoretical position. Weiner, B. (1985).

Thesis Diagram

Figure 1

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the school’s board rating

in the examination; to help students who are going to take the board exam in passing by

doing the advices/recommendation of the researchers. Specifically, the study will seek to

answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors of failing / passing the Board Exam?

A. School Performance

B. Attitude of the Students (Can’t make good study notes)

C. Study Habit/Time Management

D. Financial Support
 2. What are the factors encountered by the reviewees with regards to their

preparation for the criminology licensure examination:

A. Attitude/ Interest

B. Study Habit

C. Knowledge Learning

D. Psychological Factor

Hypothesis

Ho1. Problem 1 null hypothesis

Ho2. There is no significant difference between the Factors affecting the board rating of

criminology students from the selected schools in Caraga for the past three years as

determined by School performance, Attitude of the students, study habit and financial

support.

Significance of the Study

 To pass the Criminologist Licensure Examination given by the Professional

Regulation Commission (PRC) can be one of the greatest achievements of every

criminology licensure examinees. The findings of this study will benefit to these following

specific people:

Criminology Students – In this Study, the student will identify the importance of the use

of internet and books to their performance.

Instructors – The instructor can also gain significance of this study. They would assess

the needs of the students and formulate more effective’s strategies. Since they are

considered as a backbones and pillars of knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to pass

the criminology licensure examination.

School – The institution will assist, evaluate and improve the instructional strategies and

activities to improve and enhance the performance of criminology graduates in their

licensure exam.

Future Reviewees – The result of this study will serve as the basis for the future

reviewees. They will be in the better position in preparing themselves for the Criminology

Licensure Exam.

Definition of terms
The following terms are defined operationally to express the simplest meaning and to

emphasize the word as used in this study.

Academic Performance - is the measurement of student achievement across

various academic subjects.

Criminology - Criminology is the study of the law enforcement and criminal justice

system.

Criminologist - an expert in the scientific study of crime and criminals.

Criminal Justice Education - provide the community with professionally competent,

physically fit and morally upright graduates who can deliver efficient and effective services

in criminology, law enforcement, crime prevention, crime detection and investigation and

industrial security management.

Curriculum - a curriculum is broadly defined as the totality of student experiences that

occur in the educational process.

Effectiveness - is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce

desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or

expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression.

Father Saturnino Urios University (FSUU) - is a Roman Catholic private university run

by the Diocese of Butuan in Butuan City, Philippines. It offers preschool, elementary,

junior & senior high school and college courses.

Graduates - a person who has successfully completed a course of study or training,

especially a person who has been awarded an undergraduate academic degree.

Intellectual - is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about

society, proposes solutions for its normative problems and gains authority as a public

figure.

Criminology Licensure Examination - is one of the 43 annual board exams conducted

by the Philippine Regulatory Commission (PRC). This exam screens aspiring

criminologists in the country based on the standards written in the Republic Act No. 11131

or the Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018.

Institution - a society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or

similar purpose.

Professional Regulated Commission (P.R.C) – otherwise known as the PRC, is a

three-man commission attached to Department of Labor and Employment. Its mandate is

to regulate and supervise the practice of the professionals who constitute the highly

skilled manpower of the country.

Profession - is an occupation founded upon specialized educational training, the purpose

of which is to supply disinterested objective counsel and service to others, for a direct and

definite compensation, wholly apart from expectation of other business gain.

R.A 6506 - An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines

and for Other Purposes.

Student - is primarily a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution who

attends classes in a course to attain the appropriate level of mastery of a subject under

the guidance of an instructor and who devotes time outside class to do whatever activities
the instructor assigns that are necessary either for class preparation or to submit evidence

of progress towards that mastery.

Study Habit - are the behaviors used when preparing for tests or learning academic

material.

Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

This Chapter provides an outline of the research methodology used to answer the

research questions. The research approach, research design, data gathering

procedure, data analysis and limitations of the adopted research method.

Research Approach

The research influences design and provides an opportunity to consider benefits and

limitations of various approaches available to the researcher (Crewell 2003).

Research Environment, Population and Sample Technique

This research is focused in the correlates of performance rating and Causes of

failing by selected people in Father Saturnino Urios University on their Criminology

Licensure Exam for the past three years. This research is only limited to the selected
criminology licensure exam passers in Father Saturnino Urios University, who once failed

by the said examination. The researchers will conduct a study within the School.

Research Design

The research design is the actual structure or framework that indicates (a) the time

frame(s) in which data will be collected, (b) when the intervention will be implemented (or

not), and (c) how many groups will be involved (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2012).

The researcher will use a quantitative approach and survey use to collect the data. This

approach surveys a number of criminology board exam passers to gather information and

ideas that could support the research objective. This research design is most common in

quantitative approach as it involves gathering data from larger groups or sample. School

that have been selected was Father Saturnino Urios University. It was selected because

of the location and the researcher’s connection with the schools.

Research Instrument
 The Researchers used the validated questionnaire for the Respondents. The

respondents were given questionnaire, where they are going to put their answers.

Sampling Technique

The sampling technique use in the study is random method were the samples are

gathered in a process that does not give all the respondents an equal chances of being

selected to answer the survey questionnaire. The respondents are the graduates of

Father Saturnino Urios University who once failed the Criminology Licensure

Examination. A quantity of 5 people, 4 males and 1 female was the sample size of the

study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers, in order to gather the list of the passers of Licensure Examination

in every school from year 2016-2018, first, will make a request letter addressed to the

Dean of College of Criminology in Father Saturnino Urios University. After getting the

results, the researchers will use a validated researcher-made survey questionnaire in

gathering the data. Next, they will make a letter of consent to conduct a survey in Father

Saturnino Urios University. Upon the approval, they will start gathering the data needed.
After the survey, they will begin to analyze the gathered data using the theory for this

research.

Data Analysis

All the needed data was tallied, encoded, and interpreted using the objectives of

the study.