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Introduction
Roughly 1.35 million people around the world die due to road crashes a global
problem that the World Health Organization (WHO) says is both predictable and preventable.
Most of the victims come from low and middle-income countries. Those in the prime of their
lives are particularly vulnerable, with road injuries the leading cause of death among those 5-29
years old. Economic losses to individuals, their families, and to the nation as a whole are the
causes of road traffic injuries and the problems that arise are the cost of treatment, loss of
productivity for the persons who became disabled and killed during the accident. And for family
members they are the one who lessen their time at work and at school to take care of their injured
The Philippines is also seeing worrying figures, with data from the Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority’s (MMDA) and Metro Manila Accident Reporting and Analysis System
(MMARAS), showing that the Philippine capital averaged slightly over 49 cases of non-fatal
road injuries and 1 fatality per day in 2018. Over 270 times per day reported incidents of damage
of property. According to the latest available data the grand total of recorded incidents in 2018 is
116,906. Last year, there were 394 deaths from 383 recorded incidents with fatalities. October
was reported the most dangerous month which topped out at 10,407 recorded traffic incidents.
December has 38 fatalities from 10,397 recorded incidents and it was the deadliest month. The
most lethal hours to be out on the road were between 3 am and 4 am (31 deaths), and between
11pm and 12am (29 deaths). There are also cases of hit-and-run incidents that topped out at
4,490 and there are 141 pedestrians were killed on 2018. The report shows that most recorded
accidents didn’t involve cars, but motorcycles instead. The total number of non-fatal injuries is
13,594 and 224 fatal ones involving motorbikes was recorded in 2018 as reported by MMARAS
(MMDA, 2018).
Philippines has been institutionalizing road safety measures in order to ensure the safety
of its travelling public and eventually minimize these death statistics. The country continues to
design and improve innovative measures to prevent deaths caused by accidents. Moreover, the
Land Transportation Office continues to perform their functions on the inspection and
transportation rules and regulations, and adjudication of traffic cases. Its primary mission is to
rationalize the land transportation services and facilities and to effectively implement the various
transportation laws, rules, and regulations. Hence, the promotion of safety and comfort in land
The researchers observed that there are rising cases of motorcycle accidents and mostly
the victims are students of SAC. Some of them experiences physical injury and worst is death. In
addition to this, the researchers would like to conduct a study regarding road safety to measure
the level of knowledge, attitude and practices. The researcher would like to implement health
This study will be conducted to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices
regarding road safety among motorcycle-riding students of St. Anthony’s College for School
1. Determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding road safety among
motorcycle-riding students of St. Anthony’s College when taken as a group and when grouped
2. Determine the significant differences in the level of knowledge, attitude and practices
regarding road safety among motorcycle-riding students of St. Anthony’s College when taken as
a group and when grouped according to (a) sex, (b) age, and (c) socio-economic status.
3. Determine if there are significant relationships among the level of knowledge, attitude
and practices regarding road safety among motorcycle-riding students of St. Anthony’s College.
Hypotheses
1. There are no significant differences in the level of knowledge, attitude and practices
regarding road safety among motorcycle-riding students of St. Anthony’s College when taken as
a group and when grouped according to (a) sex, (b) age, and (c) socio-economic status.
This study is mainly anchored on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen &
Driver, 1991; Azjen & Madden, 1986), it states that a person’s behavior is determined by his/her
intention to perform that behavior. The intention is formed by his/her attitudes toward that
behavior, his/her beliefs about what others think he/she should do, his/her motivation to comply
with the wishes of others and perceived behavioral control. If the individual evaluates the
behavior as beneficial, and significant others approve of the behavior, then the individual has
more intention to carry out the behavior and is more likely to do so (Montano & Kasprzyk,
The theoretical framework of the study is also anchored on the Health Promotion Model
(HPM) of Dr. Nola Pender states that each person has unique personal characteristics and
experiences that affect subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific
knowledge and affect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified
through nursing actions. Health promoting behavior is the desired behavioral outcome and is the
end point in the HPM. Health promoting behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced
functional ability and better quality of life at all stages of development. The final behavioral
demand is also influenced by the immediate competing demands and preferences, which can
Conceptual Framework
The research paradigm (Figure 2) illustrates the variables included in the study and the flow of
relationship among these variables. This study assumes that certain personal factors such as
socio-economic status, sex, and age may create a difference on the level of knowledge, attitude
*AGE
*AGE
*SEX
*SEX
*SOCIO-ECONOMIC
*SOCIO-ECONOMIC
STATUS
STATUS
Figure 2. Research paradigm showing the relationship among Variables in the study.
Definition of Terms
To better understand the study, the following terms are conceptually and operationally
defined:
Age. In this study, the term refers to the length of an existence of motorcycle riding students of
SAC during the conduct of study and is categorized as follows: young adults (18-21) and older
adults (22-30).
Attitude. In this study, this term refers to the internal psychological tendency and level of
perception or a behavior of motorcycle riding students towards road safety when classified as
Knowledge. In this study, knowledge refers to the facts, information and skills acquired by
motorcycle-riding students through experience or education familiarity of the concepts and facts
about road safety and were classified as a high level of knowledge, the average level of
Motorcycle-riding students. In this study, this term refers to the students who are capable of driving
Practices. As used in this study, it refers to the ways and habits of students in SAC in terms of
driving a motorcycle and they were classified as satisfactory and poor practice.
Road Safety. In this study, this term refers to the accident risks and the common road safety
Sex. As used in this study, the term refers to the respondents’ biological identity and is primarily
hormone levels and function, and reproductive or sexual anatomy whether a male or a female.
Socio-economic status. In this study, this term refers to the social standing or class of the
respondents and they were classified as high income, middle income, and low income groups.
St. Anthony’s College. In this study, this term refers to the only Catholic Educational
Institution of higher learning in the Province of Antique and it is the venue for the conduct of the
study.
The findings of this study may be beneficial to the motorcycle-riding students of SAC,
Motorcycle-riding students. This study may help the students through the baseline data
gathered such as the conduct of advocacy program in order to equip them with sufficient
knowledge and analyze the effect of driving behavior on road accidents and the importance of
Parents. This study may help to be guided on how they should instill discipline and
encourage safe driving among their children. They can check on the whats and hows of their
children in relation to the policies on road safety and provide appropriate support in terms of
Nursing students. This study may help the nursing students conduct an advocacy program in
order to equip their fellow students with knowledge and to lessen the incidents of road accidents.
The result of the study may also serve as a guide in establishing holistic health promotion
College Administrators. The results of this study may also benefit the college administrators.
They will implement rules about road safety and incorporate knowledge, attitude and practices
regarding road safety.The results may also benefit SAC. Being responsible for the overall
Concerned government agencies (DOH, LGU of San Jose). The results of the study may also
serve as a guide in the assessment and evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency in the
implementation of their respective programs. Through the results of the study, necessary
Future Researchers. To future researchers, the results of this study may provide a substantial
information and direction in their investigations that have something to do with knowledge,
attitude and practices on road safety. This study may also serve as a springboard for future
researchers, especially those which will delve on topics regarding road safety in the local
This descriptive correlational study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitude,
and practices regarding road safety among motorcycle-riding students of St. Anthony’s College
for School Year 2019 when group according to age, sex and socio-economic status.
The respondents of this study are 60 motorcycle-riding students of SAC. The findings of
this study were limited only to the college students of St. Anthony’s College in Antique. This
study also aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of the motorcycle
riding students when grouped accourding to age, sex and socio economic status.
The data will be analyzed using the frequency count and mean. The statistical tools such
differences, to determine the relationship between the variables to be tested in this study.