CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli or abbreviated E. coli is a bacterium found in the human intestine. These
bacteria are of several types and most are replaced harmlessly. That means only a handful of
types of E. coli bacteria can harm health. does not cause disease if it is in the intestine and will
be pathogenic if it is outside the intestine. Causes of E. coli infection. The dangerous E. coli
bacteria can enter the human body through:
Contaminated food. The most common way for someone to be infected with coli bacteria is
through food that has been contaminated with this bacteria. For example, the result of
consuming ground meat contaminated with E. coli bacteria from the intestines of the livestock,
drinking unpasteurized milk, or eating raw vegetables or not processed properly. Cross
contamination can also cause a person to get an infection, especially if the food equipment and
cutting board are not properly washed before use.
Contaminated water. Human and animal manure can contaminate groundwater and also
surface water. Houses with private wells are at high risk of being contaminated with coli
bacteria because they usually do not have a bacterial exterminator system, including swimming
pools or lakes.
Direct contact from person to person. Adults and children who forget to wash their hands
after defecating can transmit this bacteria when the person touches someone else or food.
Contact with animals. People who work with animals (for example at zoos) or who often
come into contact with pets, are more at risk of developing E. coli bacteria. For this reason,
hygiene must always be maintained by frequent hand washing after making contact with the
animal.

binahong is a traditional medicine known to the people of Indonesia since the days of our
ancestors had many properties and functions and the side effects given were smaller in
binahong leaves with antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid and a fairly high total phenol. in the
content of binahong leaves contained alkaloid compounds, polyphenols and saponins easily
available in the yard and economical prices.

Relationship between E. coli and Binahong Leaves namely binahong plants are used as
antibacterial medicinal plants Giving antibacterial drugs is one of the ways to deal with
diseases caused by Escherichia Coli bacteria

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1. Can the boiled water of binahong leaves inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria?
2. What is the highest thinning of binahong leaf extract which can inhibit bacterial growth E.
coli ?
1.3 Research Purposes
1. Knowing the effect of leaf extract binahong on bacterial growth Escherichia Coli
2. Determining the concentration of binahong leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of
Escherichia Coli bacteria.

1.4 Benefits Of Research

1. Provide information that leaves binahong extract can be used as medicine antibacterial
2. Knowing that binahong leaf extract can inhibit bacterial growth Escherichia Coli.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND HYPOTHESIS

2.1 Definition Of Binahong And E.Coli

2.1.1 Binahong Plant
Kingdom: Plantae
Kingdom Sub: Tracheobionta
Super Division: Spermatophyta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Sub Class: Hamamelidae
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Basellaceae
Genus: Anredere
Species: Anredera cordifolia
from China with their original name Dhengshan chi. Binahong is very good for revitalizing
the skin, promoting blood circulation, preventing strokes, overcoming swelling and blood clots
and healing postoperative wounds binahong leaves are able to fight gram-negative bacteria like
Eshcherichia coli. Binahong plants can be cultivated as vegetables, food coloring, or
ornamental plants. Binahong leaves contain saponins and flavanoids which are efficacious as
medicine for colds, boils and chili while the roots can used as a medicine for diarrhea.
2.1.2 Eshcherichia coli
Kindom: Prokaryotae
Divisio: Protophyta
Sub Division: Schizomycetea
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Eubacterials
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Eshcherichia
Species: Eshcherichia coli
 Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped facultatively carrier aerobic negative salt which belongs
to the family Enterobacteriaceae which is a normal occupant of the intestine in addition to
breeding in the environment around humans. short rods measuring 0.5 x 1- 3 micron, not
sporous, move actively, and are Gram negative.

2.2 Hypothesis
That there is an effect of giving binahong leaf extract (Anredera Cordifolia) to the growth of
Escherichia coli bacteria invitro with disk diffusion method
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Methods

The type of research that will be used is experimental research

K OA
R
P OB
Description: R = randomization OA= Observation control K = Control (without extract) OB =
Observation treatment P = Treatment (with extract)

3.2 Population And Samples

Population : binahong leaves taken from the area of residents in the District Kenjeran Surabaya
Sample : binahong leaves which are rather old green in fresh condition. The sample of the sample
is 3 samples for each treatment

3.3 Location And Time Of Research

Location of sampling : in the yard of the residents of the hariyono balikpapan district
Location of sample inspection: Microbiology Laboratory D4 Health Analyst Poltekkes
Research time : May 2019 until June 2019

3.4 Research Variables and DOV

Independent variable : binahong leaf extract with concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%,
12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.56%
Dependent variable : bacterial growth E. coli which is inhibited by binahong leaf extract
DOV:
The administration of binahong leaf extract in this study is categorized as:
 without the administration of binahong leaf extract, the media for the growth of Escherichia
coli bacteria
 without being given binahong leaf extract with the administration of binahong leaf extract,
which is the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria
by being given binahong leaf extract in weight per volume (w / v) used to test the growth of E. coli
bacteria
The growth of Escherichia coli bacteria in this study is in the form of a number that shows the
diameter of the clear zone (inhibition zone) without overgrown with the colonies of Escherichiacoli
bacterian the media Muller Hinton

3.5 Data Collection Technique

By means of indirect observation, namely through laboratory examination using the method of
Disk Diffusion (DiscDiffusion) on bacterial growth Escherichia coli

3.6 Data Analysis Technique

Bacterial growth data Escherichiacoli analyzed using Anova to determine the effect of giving and
without giving binahong leaf extract, at an error rate of 5% or α = 0.05
 BIBBLIOGRAPHY

Khunaifi, M. 2010. Test of the antibacterial activity of binahong leaves against

Staphyococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Essay. Sanis Faculty and
Technology. Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University. Poor.

Davis, W.W. dan T.R. Stout. 1971. Disc plate methods of microbiological antibiotic assay.
Microbiology 22: 659-665.

AnanggiaS.A. and Murnah. 2007. Chromatogram profile and antibacterial activity of temulawak
rhizome extract to Escherichia coli growth in vitro.
http: //eprints.undip.ac.id/22669/1/Sarlin.pdf. Accessed on 25 August 2013.