GAINZA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

San Juan, Gainza, Camarines Sur

Mid-Term Exam
Earth and Life Science
GOOD LUCK!
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INSTRUCTION: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of your answer on the answer sheet
provided. GOOD LUCK!
1. Which of the following describes stress?
a. It is the force applied on the rocks that may cause deformation.
b. It is the change in shape or form of the rocks caused by the force or pressure.
c. It is the breaking, bending and folding of rocks.
d. It happens after the strain.
2. What kind of stress is it when the directions of the forces are away from each other causing the
rocks to become thin?
a. Compressional stress
b. Tensional stress
c. Shear stress
d. Lithostatic stress
3. What is the direction of lithostatic stress?
a. Horizontal
b. Vertical
c. Sideward
d. Downward
4. Which of the following statements about rock deformation is true?
a. Rocks found under the crust experience ductile deformation.
b. Rocks with lower temperature undergo ductile deformation.
c. Sedimentary rocks are more deformable than igneous rocks.
d. Rocks under low confining pressure are more likely to have ductile deformation than
rocks under high pressure.
5. What behavior is typical of rocks that are deeply buried?
a. Brittle
b. Ductile
c. Elastic
d. Plastic
6. what behavior is typical of rocks at or near the Earth’s surface?
a. Brittle
b. Ductile
c. Elastic
d. Plastic
7. What behavior is typical of a rock that deforms under the influence of stress but returns to its
original shape when stress is removed?
a. Brittle
b. Ductile
c. Elastic
d. Plastic
8. Which is the correct order of the different types of magma with lowest to highest silica content?
a. Felsic, Intermediate, Mafic, Ultramafic
b. Felsic, Mafic, Intermediate, Ultramafic
c. Ultramafic, Mafic, Intermediate, Felsic
 d. Mafic, Ultramafic, Intermediate, Felsic
9. Which of the following best describes the asthenosphere?
a. It is heated by the presence of magma
b. It is the source of most magma.
c. It is completely molten
d. All of these.
10. Which of the following terms describes the flow of magma that extrudes out of the Earth’s
surface?
a. Lava flow
b. Tephra flow
c. Pyroclastic flow
d. Pyroclastic surge
11. What is formed when magma cools slowly beneath the earth’s surface?
a. Ore minerals
b. Intrusive rocks
c. Extrusive rocks
d. Fine-grained metamorphic rocks
12. How is the tensional stress related to the formation of joints?
a. Tensional stress is oriented parallel to the orientation of the joint.
b. Tensional stress is oriented obliquely to the orientation of the joint.
c. Tensional stress is difficult to determine from the joint’s orientation.
d. Tensional stress is oriented perpendicular to the orientation of the joint.
13. What is most likely to happen in nearby areas when edges of crustal plates collide or rub against
each other?
a. There will be breaking up of the ground forming faults.
b. Nearby areas are subjected to different weights of the layers.
c. There will be changes in the atmosphere and hydrosphere in the earth.
d. Nearby areas become locations of mountain formation and earthquake origins.
14. In seafloor spreading, where do mountain formation and earthquake rise and erupt?
a. In deep ocean trenches
b. Along mid oceanic ridges
c. At the north and south poles
d. Along the edges of the continents
15. How did scientists discover that rocks farther from the mid-oceanic ridge were older than those
near it?
a. By mapping rocks on the sea floor using sonar.
b. By measuring how fast sea floor spreading occurs.
c. By observing eruptions of molten materials on the sea floor.
d. By determining the age of rock samples obtained from drilling the sea floor.
16. What is the process referring to the sinking of ocean floor beneath the deep ocean trench and
back into the mantle?
a. Conduction
b. Continental drift
c. Convection
d. Subduction
17. Which of the following was not used by Wegener as evidence of Continental Drift?
a. The geocentric fit of the continents
b. Magnetic anomalies on the sea floor.
c. Fossils common to many continents.
d. Evidence of glaciation on widely separated continents.
18. What is the polarity of a magnetic field that has the same polarity as the existing magnetic field?
a. An Isochrones
 b. Magnetic reversal
c. Normal polarity
d. Reverse polarity
19. What two topographic features of the ocean floor were discovered with the use of sonar?
a. Mid-oceanic ridges and earthquakes
b. Mid-oceanic ridges and volcanic islands
c. Mid-oceanic ridges and deep- sea trenches
d. Shallow sea trenches and volcanic islands
20. What causes the sea floor to spread?
a. Earthquakes
b. Sinking magma
c. Rising molten magma
d. Drifting continental crust
21. Which of the following portions of the ocean floor is the flattest?
a. Abyssal plains
b. Ocean ridges
c. Ocean trenches
d. Continental slope
22. Which of the following is not found in the deep ocean basins?
a. Abyssal plains
b. Ocean ridges
c. Ocean trenches
d. Continental shelf
23. Which of the following is a portion of the world’s longest mountain range?
a. Caledonides
b. Himalayas
c. Marianas Trench
d. Mid-oceanic Ridge
24. I saw a bumper sticker that said “reunite Gondwanaland”. Which of the following would not be a
part of this reconstruction?
a. Antarctica
b. Australia
c. India, south of Himalaya
d. North America
25. Where is the ocean floor deepest?
a. In rift valleys
b. In the abyssal plains
c. In submarines canyons
d. In oceanic trenches
26. What is the name of the Mesozoic supercontinent that consisted all of the present continents?
a. Eurasia
b. Gondwanaland
c. Lauresia
d. Pangaea
27. Which ocean floor feature corresponds to F? BONUS
a. Mid-oceanic ridge
b. Rift Valley
c. Seamount
d. Submarine Canyon
28. How are oceanographers able to map the sea floor?
a. By sending out scuba divers
b. By studying seismic waves
 c. By using sonars
d. By using telescopes
29. Which is the section of a continent that lies just off the shoreline and extends beneath the
ocean?
a. Basin
b. Plain
c. Ridge
d. Shelf
30. Which of the following was not used by Wegener as evidence of continental drift?
a. Evidence of glacial scratches
b. Fit of the continents
c. Magnetic reversals on the seafloor.
d. Fossils that were found on the different continents.
31. Which of the following shows that the Mesosaurus fossil support the Continental Drift Theory?
a. Mesosaurus lived millions of years ago.
b. It’s likely that the Mesosaurus existed on both continents.
c. It’s unlikely that the Mesosaurus could have swam between continents.
d. The Mesosaurus fossil evidence proved that continental drift theory is wrong.
32. Which of the following continents does NOT show evidence of glaciation during the
Carboniferous because it was part of Laurasia in northern Pangea and so was near to the
equator?
a. North America
b. Africa
c. India
d. Australia
33. Which is NOT a basis of stratigraphy?
a. Principle of Verticality
b. Principle of Superposition
c. Principle of Faunal Succession
d. Principle of Original Horizontality
34. Which principle states that layers can be traced over a long interval from one location to
another?
a. Principle or Faunal Succession
b. Principle of Latent Continuity
c. Principle of Original Horizontality
d. Principle of Superposition
35. Which is used by geologists to help them correlate rock units?
a. Core
b. Strata
c. Sediments
d. Texture
36. Which principle states that younger organisms replace older organisms?
a. Principle of Faunal Succession
b. Principle of Latent Continuity
c. Principle of Original Horizontality
d. Principle of Superposition
37. How is the age of the Earth determined?
a. Clock
b. Absolute dating
c. Fossils
d. Relative dating
38. Which is the largest division of Geologic time?
 a. Eon
b. Era
c. Epoch
d. Period
39. Which combination represents the phanerozoic?
a. Cenozoic, Precambrian, Paleozoic?
b. Eocene, Cretaceous, Jurassic
c. Precambrian, Cenozoic, Eocene
d. Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic
40. Which of the following is responsible for changing environments through time?
a. Plate tectonics
b. Amount of rain
c. Sunlight
d. Fire
41. Which dating technique requires an extensive knowledge of stratigraphy?
a. Absolute dating
b. Faunal dating
c. Relative dating
d. Radiometric dating
42. Which of the following is the longest time period?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Precambrian
43. Which of the following is used by geologists to determine the relative ages in a rock?
a. Fossils
b. Latent Continuity
c. Stratigraphy
d. All of these
44. What scientific avenue of investigation gave scientists the best estimate of the age of the Earth?
a. Archeological dating
b. Carbon dating
c. Faunal dating
d. Uranium dating
45. Which of the following geologic era did human beings evolve?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Precambrian
46. In what era was there an abundance of large reptiles?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Precambrian
47. In what era did plants appear?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Precambrian
48. If a sandstone in contact with granite contains fragments of the granite, what can you infer?
a. The sandstone and granite are of the same age.
b. The granite was intruded into the sandstone.
 c. The granite is younger than the sandstone.
d. The granite is older that the sandstone.
49. Which method was primarily used to establish the Geologic Time Scale?
a. Absolute dating
b. Carbon dating
c. Relative dating
d. Uranium dating
50. What does the term “Paleozoic” mean?
a. Ancient life
b. Future life
c. Middle life
d. Recent life