10/9/2019 (Study Material) Salt Analysis of Cations and Anions (Chemistry) | CBSE PORTAL : CBSE, ICSE, NIOS, JEE-MAIN,

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(Study Material) Salt Analysis of Cations and Anions (Chemistry)

Salt Analysis

Cations

Group Group Reagent Radicals

Zero Group O.S. + NaOH + Heat NH4+

I Group O.S. + HCl Pb2+

II Group O.S. + HCI + H2S Cu2+

III Group O.S. +NH4Cl + NH4OH AI2+ ,Fe3+

IV Group O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +H2S Ni2+ ,Mn2+ , Zn2+ ,Co2+

V Group O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +(NH4)2CO3 Ba2+, Ca3+, Sr2+

VI Group O.S + NH4CI + NH4OH + NaH2PO4 Mg2+

Anions

Group Group Reagent Radicals

I Group Salt + dil. H2SO4 CO32-, SO32-, S2-, NO2-

II Group Salt + conc. H2SO4 Cl-, Br-, I-, CH3COO-

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Add Cu piece and heat NO-

Add KMnO4 soln. c2o42-

III Group O.S. + BaC!2 so42-

IV Group O.S + Conc.HNO3 + Heat + (NH4)24 MoO PO43-

Preliminary Tests

Test Observation Inference

Physical Appearance

Colour White NH4+, Pb2+, Al3+ , Zn2+, Ba2+, Ca2+ , Sr2+ and Mg2+

Blue Cu2+

Green Ni2+

Brown Fe3+

Red Co2+

Light pink Mn2+

Odour Smell of NH3 NH4+

Smell of vinegar CH3COO-

Smell of rotten eggs H2-

Dry Heating Colourless gas evolved CO32- , SO32-, S2- and Cl-

Blown gas evolved Br-, NO3-

Violet gas evolved I-

Crackling sound Pb(NO3)2 and Ba(NO3)2

Brown residue Cu2+

Flame Test Greenish blue Cu2+

Light green Ba2+

Brick red Ca2+

Crimson red Sr2+

Know more about: Simultaneous Cation and Anion Analysis with Charged Aerosol Detection
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