Writing Skill lesson 3

PIE CHARTS
 Exercise 11/ p. 3

a. French fries make up/ represent/ account for 26% of fast food preferences.
b. Ice cream makes up/ represents/ accounts for the biggest percentage of the pie chart.
c. Chips make up/ represent/ account for 55% of the total.
d. Fried chicken makes up/ represents/ accounts for 15% of the survey.
e. Tacos make up/ represent/ account for 12 % of the total.
f. Sushi makes up/ represents/ accounts for the smallest percentage of the fast food.
 are more popular than
is the least popular kind
are more popular than less popular than
is less popular than
the most popular
are more popular than
is the most popular kind
The most popular
are less popular than
is less popular than more popular than
Exercise 1 page 20
 Which of the following verbs can be used
to describe the data in these pie charts?
 Make sentences with those verbs using the
two pie charts.

account for consist of allocate

come from consume spend use

produce comprise constitute
account for consist of allocate

comprise constitute represent make up

The amount paid by

taxpayers accounts
for 25% of the
maintenance cost.
account for consist of allocate

comprise constitute represent make up

The cost to maintain

public property
consists of
contributions from three
sources: taxpayers,
individuals, and local
council.
account for consist of allocate

comprise constitute represent make up

The cost to maintain

public property
comprises contributions
from three sources:
taxpayers, individuals,
and local council.
account for consist of allocate

comprise constitute represent make up

The contribution
from individuals
constitutes 40%
in the maintenance
cost.
account for consist of allocate

comprise constitute represent make up

Employer’s
contribution
represents 35%
of the
maintenance cost.
account for consist of allocate

comprise constitute represent make up

The contribution
from taxpayers
makes up a quarter
of the maintenance
cost.
• The cost to maintain public property consists of
contributions from three sources: taxpayers,
individuals, and local council.
• The cost to maintain public property comprises
contributions from three sources: taxpayers,
individuals, and local council.
• The amount paid by taxpayers accounts for 25% of
the maintenance cost.
• The contribution from individuals constitutes 40%
in the maintenance cost.
• Employer’s contribution represents 35% of the
maintenance cost.
• The contribution from taxpayers makes up a quarter
of the maintenance cost.
1. Modern history accounted for a.15% of all the students in
2010.
2. Ancient history comprised b. 20% of the students in 2000.

3. Medieval history and ancient c. consisted of six in 2000 and

history together made up 2010.

4. The proportion of students d. 25% of the students in 2000.

studying modern history in 2010
5. The number of areas in the e. constituted the smallest
history department proportion of students.
6. The study of ancient history f. to a much smaller proportion
amounted of students in 2010 compared to
2000.
7. In 2010, medieval history with g. exceeded that in 2000, 45%
5% and 20% respectively.
EXERCISE 2 – PAGE 20
 Work in pairs
 Match 1-7 to a-g to make sentences
about the pie charts.
1. Modern history accounted for b. 20% of the students in 2000.

2. Ancient history comprised d. 25% of the students in 2000.

3. Medieval history and ancient a.15% of all the students in

history together made up 2010.

4. The proportion of students g. exceeded that in 2000, 45%

studying modern history in 2010 and 20% respectively.
5. The number of areas in the c. consisted of six in 2000 and
history department 2010
6. The study of ancient history f. to a much smaller proportion
amounted of students in 2010 compared to
2000.
7. In 2010, medieval history with e. constituted the smallest
5% proportion of students.
EXERCISE 3 - Write sentences about the charts using the
words below.
 1 Archaeology/ represent/ 15 per cent/ total
student body
 2 Social history/ make up/ smaller proportion/
students/ in 2000/ compared to/ 2010
 3 History of warfare/ constitute/ 10 per cent/
2000
 4 Ancient history/ comprise/ smaller proportion/
student body/ 2010/ compared/ 2000
 5 proportion/ students/ studying/ archaeology/
equal/that/ history of warfare/ 2010
Exercise 3 - ANSWERS
1. Archaeology represented 15% of the total student
body.
2. Social history made up a smaller proportion of students in
2000 compared to 2010, 5% and 20% respectively.

3. History of warfare constituted 10% of the student body in

2000.
4. Ancient history comprised a smaller proportion of student
body in 2010 compared to 2000, 10% and 25% in turn/
respectively.
5. The proportion of students studying archaeology was equal
to that of the history of warfare in 2010, 10% in each case.
Exercise 4:
 The pie charts
show a
breakdown of
sources of
income for the
upkeep of
Castle Keep,
an ancient
monument, in
1850 and
1950.
LOOK AT THE SAMPLE ANSWER AND HIGHLIGHT THE
PHRASES THAT…
 Start the introductory sentence
The charts provide information about …
 Start the overview
Overall, it is clear that …
 Are related to proportion
accounted for 60%;
constituting only 5%;
20% came from small individual gifts;
forming the largest proportion of the total
comprised 20% of funding
LOOK AT THE SAMPLE ANSWER AND HIGHLIGHT THE
PHRASES THAT…
 Show comparisons between 2 years:
changed dramatically
consisted of a much smaller proportion
representing a 75% decline
saw a doubling in the proportion
Exercise 6
 The pie charts below show the funding allocation to a
range of museums in a European country in 2000 and
2010.
Complete the answer below.
 The charts provide information about where
funding for the maintenance of Castle Keep
came from in the years 1850 and 1950.
 Overall, it is clear that the pattern of income
(1) ………. dramatically over the 100-year
period with a shift away from (2) ………. to
other funding sources.
 In 1850, for example, small individual gifts (3)
………. 60% of the total funding with large
gifts (4) ………. only 5%.
Complete the answer below.
 The charts provide information about where
funding for the maintenance of Castle Keep
came from in the years 1850 and 1950.
 Overall, it is clear that the pattern of income
(1) changed dramatically over the 100-year
period with a shift away from (2) a reliance on
small individual gifts to other funding
sources.
 In 1850, for example, small individual gifts (3)
accounted for 60% of the total funding with
large gifts (4) constituting only 5%.
Complete the answer below.
 By contrast, in 1950, 20% of funding (5)
……… small individual gifts with
businesses forming (6) ………, followed by
small individual gifts and the original
endowment, (7) ………. . For the
endowment, there was an approximate
33% rise from (8) ……… in 1850.
Complete the answer below.
 By contrast, in 1950, 20% of funding (5)
came from small individual gifts with
businesses forming (6) the largest
proportion of the total, followed by small
individual gifts and the original endowment,
(7) 20% and 20% respectively. For the
endowment, there was an approximate
33% rise from (8) 15% in 1850.
Complete the answer below.
 As regards income from government
sources, in 1950 this consisted of (9)
………. . compared to 1850, 5% and 20%
respectively, representing a 75% decline,
while large gifts saw (10) ………. . from
5% to 10%.
 Apart from businesses, two new sources of
income, the shop and events together
comprised (11) ………. . of funding in
1950.
Complete the answer below.
 As regards income from government
sources, in 1950 this consisted of (9) a
much smaller proportion compared to
1850, 5% and 20% respectively,
representing a 75% decline, while large
gifts saw (10) a doubling in the proportion
contributed to total income from 5% to
10%.
 Apart from businesses, two new sources of
income, the shop and events together
comprised (11) 20% of funding in 1950.
1.

increases decreases big increases big decreases

went
wentupup declined
declined doubled
doubled halved
halved
grew
grew decreased
decreased jumped
jumped plummeted
plummeted
improved
improved dropped rocketed
rocketed plunged
dropped plunged
increased fell shot
shotup
up
increased fell
rose went down soared
soared
rose went down surged
surged
2. slightly, marginally, negligibly 5. gradually
3. significantly, considerably 6. remarkably, strikingly
4. sharply, rapidly 7. steadily
 rose considerately
went up slightly
fell sharply
 a fluctuation
a fall a plunge
a levelling-off a decrease
a decline a dip
a soar a recovery
a plummet a jump
an increase a surge
a drop a growth
2. steady
3. considerable
4. negligible
5. remarkable
2. There was a sharp increase in income.
3. There was a slight decline in income.
4. There was a sharp fall in income.
`

fell significantly

grew steadily
 FURTHER EXERCISE
d. There were wild fluctuations in spice exports from Africa over the period.
e. There was a gradual fall in the development of new products.
f. Research investment has decreased noticeably.
g. There was a significant drop in the purchases of tickets last month.
h. There was a significant rise in the number of sites on the Internet.
i. The sale of mangos decreased suddenly.
j. The number of visitors at the theme park fluctuated very slightly.
k. Sugar imports declined gradually.
l. There has been a slow increase in the quality of food in supermarkets.
m. There was a remarkable fluctuation in the number of air travelers.