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PROJECT:
Construction of double circuit
110kv overhead transmission line
from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
COMMISSIONED BY:
EXECUTOR:
EUROPARTNER GROUP
KIRO KRSTEVSKI PLATNIK 23-A
SKOPJE, MACEDONIA
TEL: 02 3217-306
E-MAIL: office@europartnergroup.com
EXPERT TEAM:
_________________________
Natalija Aceska
BA in Biology
Sašo Talevski
BA in Philosophy
(Expert in cultural and socio-economic issues)
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
Courtesy translation:
Republic of Macedonia
Ministry of environment and physical planning, Skopje
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
For passed professional exam due to gain status expert in EIA
Mrs. Pejcinovska Andonova Petar Slavjanka MA in Engineering from Skopje, Born on
15.02.1963 in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
On 01.06.2009, passed the professional exam for acknowledgment of professional
knowledge in environmental impact assessment in front of the Commission for
taking the professional exam in environmental impact assessment within Ministry of
environment and physical planning, thereby she gained a status as an expert in
environmental impact assessment where she fulfils the conditions stipulated in
Article 85 paragraph 3 of the Law for the environment, where she gains with the e
right to be included in the List of experts for EIA within the Ministry of environment
and physical planning of Republic of Macedonia.
Страна 3
Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................7
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................8
1.1 Basic data for the investor and the intentions in implementation of the
project........................................................................................... 8
1.2 Need for preparation of environmental impact assessment study ............. 8
1.3 Study scope and used methodology ................................................. 9
1.4 Structure and content of the study ................................................10
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS....................................................... 11
2.1 Basic data for the project ...........................................................11
2.2 The meaning of the project in regard to transmission system of Republic of
Macedonia......................................................................................12
2.3 Process for choice of the route .....................................................13
2.4 Analysis for alternatives..............................................................14
2.5 technical characteristics of the project ...........................................18
2.6 Project phases .........................................................................26
2.6.1 Building ............................................................................26
2.6.2 Operational and maintenance phase..........................................29
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA ...................................... 30
3.1 Geographic position of the location................................................30
3.2 Location of the project...............................................................31
3.3 Natural features and state of the environmental medium in the area of the
project..........................................................................................32
3.3.1 Climate and weather conditions ...............................................32
3.3.2 Geological characteristics of the area ........................................33
3.3.3 Seismic-tectonic characteristic ................................................34
3.3.4 Lithological properties ..........................................................36
3.3.6 Air quality in the area ...........................................................39
3.3.7 Noise ...............................................................................41
3.4 SOCIAL ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ..............................................55
4 IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBLE IMPACT OF THE PROJECT IN THE
ENVIRONMENT....................................................................................................... 65
4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE IMPACT IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE PROJECT ...65
4.2 Impact Assessment ....................................................................84
5 MEASURES TO MITIGATE THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT 87
5.1 Measures to mitigate the impact of the project on the environment ........87
5.2 General measures ................................................................... 102
5.3 Specific measures ................................................................... 102
6 MONITORING PLAN.........................................................................................103
7 ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL FLAWS AND THE NEEDED ACTUALIZATION OF THE STUDY ..117
8 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT AND A CONCLUSION.............................................118
9 RÉSUMÉ WITHOUT THE TECHNICAL DETAILS .........................................................120
10 APPENDEXES ................................................................................................128
10.1 Appendix 1: Participants responsible for the creation of the study ...... 128
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
ABBREVIATIONS
Pаge 7
Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BASIC DATA FOR THE INVESTOR AND THE INTENTIONS IN IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE PROJECT
1.2 NEED F O R P R E P A R A T I O N O F E N V I R O N M E N T A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E NT S T U D Y
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
R.M No.74/2005) the perform of this type of project I under annex 2-Generally
stipulated projects, clause 3-Energy, (b) Industrial Installations and gas distribution,
steam, hot water and transmission and distribution of electricity within surface lines
(Projects that are not included in annex 1)
Environmental administration within the Ministry of Environmental and physical
planning, has determined the need for starting up procedure of EIA , this decision
was because the project is construction of transmission line which Is long 12 km,
from which 400 meters of underground cable network are located in the urban area.
Simultaneously the scope of the study is defined, especially on issues like:
a) Visual aspects
b) Biodiversity
c) electro-magnetic radiation
d) Cumulative impact
e) Socio-economic aspects
In the procedure of EIA, special place has the transparent publication of the
Summary without technical details and possibility of the insight of the draft version
of Study as well the panel discussion which will be organized with EIA the most
important conclusions from the Study to be presented where from the considered
public the remarks and comments will be considered. After the panel discussion the
final version of the Study will be expected.
1.3 STUDY S C O P E A ND U S E D M E T H O D O L O G Y
This study have purpose to identify, forecast, asses and mitigate the negative
biophysical, social, health and other effects on the different elements in the
environment that can outcome from the project for construction of two system
transmission line 2 x 110 kV S/S Bitola 3 –S/S Bitola 4, before the major decision for
its realization to be made.
Before the beginning of the construction, the expert team established the
Working Methodology, the research implementation tools, assessment and analytical
approach toward the preparation process of the study, and has few steps, which
are:
- Introduction with the basic characteristics of the project, different phases of
the expected lifetime of the transmission line;
- Introduction with the major actors in the project implementation and interviews
with them;
- Analysis of available documentation related to the conditions for construction
and technical characteristics of the project;
- Review and analysis of current condition of the environment at the proposed
site and its immediate vicinity;
- Visit of the location of the suggested route (January 2010);
- Identification of the potential impacts on the project and the environment
during the construction, work, and regular maintenance in case of average and
decommissioning;
- Research and evaluation of the type, nature, period, reversibility, meaning, the
strength of the negative and positive impact of the project on the all of the
elements in the environment;
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
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1.4 STRUCTURE A N D C O NT E N T O F T H E S T U D Y
The structure and content of this study is in accordance of the directions and
recommendations from the World Bank relevant for this type of projects and general
legal requirements (rule book for the content and requirements of one
environmental impact assessment study –Official Gazette of R.M No.33/06 and) and
Manual of the sector of EIA –transmission lines.
The chapter 2 is description and technical characteristics of the project, the
process of the route choice of the transmission line and reviewed alternatives.
The chapter 3 is description of the natural features and state of the
environmental medium in the area of the project
The chapter 4 gives insight and evaluation of the identified possible negative and
positive cumulative impacts of the transmission line in the variable elements in the
environment over the expected lifetime of the project.
The chapter 5 deals with the mitigation measures of the negative impacts,
responsible persons, costs of the measures and time frame of their implementation.
The chapter 6 represents the suggested Monitoring Plan, parameters that should
be monitored, monitoring fervency, responsible body, the monitoring financial costs
and time frame.
The chapter 7 is the analysis of technical flaws during the preparation of the
study and the eventual necessities for its update in certain period.
The chapter 8 is for project justification and gives conclusion drown from the
Analyses.
The chapter 9 contains the summary without technical details, which is for all
interested parties and participants of the panel discussion.
The chapter 10 contains various contributions, which show the complexity and
seriousness of the approach, and methodology that was used by the expert team for
the preparation of the study.
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
The double circuit transmission line S/S Bitola 3 –S/S Bitola 4 is planned with
estimated length of 12 km, from which 400 meters that are located in the urban
area will be realized as 110 kV underground cable connection.
The one of the systems from the new 2x110 KV OHTL will connect directly S/S
Bitola 3 and S/S Bitola 4. The second system will be directly linked to the S/S Bitola
4 near the S/S Bitola 3 and will be directly linked to the second system of 2 x 110 kV
transmission line S/S Bitola 2 –S/S Bitola 3 whether the direct connection of S/S
Bitola 4 – S/S Bitola 2 will be established. The terminal in S/S Bitola 4, because
passes through the urban area, the 400 meters of it will be cable connection of 440
kV to the two of the 110 kV OHTL fields which are with the buildup portals. S/S
Bitola 3 have unequipped OHTL Field for the connection of the second system
No.164 a from the double circuit OHTL S/S Bitola 3 –S/S Bitola 4. This no.164 a
system after the connection of the new 2x110 kV OHTL S/S Bitola 3 –S/S Bitola 4
will close the connection 110kV S/S Bitola 3 –S/S Bitola 4.
With the construction of this OHTL the ring will be formed in the transmission
network in the south west part of the state and with which the security of the
power will be improved as well the voltage conditions in the Bitola region will be
improved.
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
The electrical power system in the Republic of Macedonia is under more legal
entities, but the following three are the major participants:
2. EVN Macedonia deals with the distribution power network and its responsible
for the electricity supply to the consumers
The biggest town in the south west Macedonia, Bitola is supplied trough 110
kV network and 4 sub stations (S/S Bitola 1, S/S Bitola 2, S/S Bitola 3 and S/S Bitola
4) from which the first three are located in the eastern, industrial part of the town,
while the fourth substation is located in the western part of the town dominated by
residential buildings and business buildings. The Figure 3a shows the current
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
connection of the substations in Bitola region. On the Figure 3b can be seen the
circuit that will be established with the building of this project.
HEC Globo~ica HEC Globo~ica Skopje 4 400
Skopje 4 400 Sopotnica
Sopotnica Prilep 1 Prilep 1
Struga Struga
Dubrovo 400 Dubrovo 400
Ohrid 3
Resen Bitola 1 Resen Bitola 1
Ohrid 1 Ohrid 1
Ohrid 2 Bitola 4
Ohrid 2 Bitola2 400 Bitola2 400
Bitola 3
Bitola 4 Bitola 2 110 Bitola 2 110
Bitola 3
Suvodol Suvodol
Hidro EC Hid ro E C
Termo EC Termo EC
Dalekuvodi Dalekuvodi
Florina 400 kV
400 kV
(Лерин) 220 kV
ALBANIJA GRCIJA
Amynteo 220 kV
110 kV
2 x110 kV
ALBANIJA GRCIJA 110 kV
2 x110 kV
Нов2 x110 kV
Нов2 x110 kV
Trafostanici Trafostanici
TS 400 /110 kV/kV TS 400/11 0 kV/kV
а. б.
Figure 3: Schemes of the relationship of the town's sub stations in the Bitola region
a. Before construction and b. After the construction of the project
Currently S/S Bitola 3 is connected with the double circuit S/S Bitola 2 from
which one circuit is used on 10kV voltage. This connection does not provide fluent
power supply to the consumers, which have power supply from S/S Bitola 3.
S/S Bitola 4 is connected with S/S Bitola 1 and S/S Resen and can provide the
fluent power supply to the consumers even if connection with S/S Bitola 1 is
interrupted.
In this that case the power supply should be done with transmission line (from
Resen) which in normal conditions work with high electric charge and power supply
is transferred trough very long route that causes high lost in the system.
With the suggested transmission line the circuit around Bitola will be
established, the circuit in which all four 110 kV substations will be linked. This will
provide fluent power supply to the consumers that are connected to S/S Bitola 3 and
S/S Bitola 4 trough shortest routes and with low lost in the transmission system, and
even by any reason one of them is switched off will be unnoticeable to the
consumers. The circuit will also improve the confidence of consumers in power
supply that are supplied by the other two substations.
2.3 PROCESS FO R C H O I C E O F T H E R O U T E
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
In 2005 the preliminary analysis for the possible route for building the
transmission line was made, and in this analysis two possible directions were
analyzed for building the transmission line.
1. Route S/S Bitola 4 > village Lavci > slope Titovo brdo > next to the stadium >
between the housing estate and Brewery/Fridge Factory > S/S Bitola 3 and
2. S/S Bitola 4 > village Lavci > peak 717 > between village Bukovo and
settlement Bukovski Livadi > bypass of settlement Bukovski Livadi > cross over
trough road Bitola-village Kravari > turning toward the access point OHTL
2x110 kV S/S Bitola 2 - S/S Bitola 3
On Figure 4 is shown the preliminary route and the two considered alternatives
in 2005.
The investors (MEPSO) as possible for building have chosen the second route.
Because of the existence residential buildings in the vicinity of S/S Bitola 4, part of
the route will be performed with the underground cable line.
Beside the analyzed solutions as technically possible and with shortest length is
the usage of underground cable trough the town, and with this cable the two
substations will be linked. The all of these solutions and their advantages and
disadvantages will be analyzed in detail further in continuance.
2.4 ANALYSIS F O R A LT E R N A T I V E S
The major criteria that the investor has considered as lead in choice of the most
approvable route are following:
‐ compliance with urban and spatial plans;
‐ length of the route
‐ technical posibilities for the construction of the route
‐ road network
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
The length of the route is between the new analyzed routes. This route was
projected more than 20 years ago and concludes considerations for town
development and its infrastructure. Considering the condition on the field this
project is very difficult to be realized for the reason of the new buildings such as
industrial and residential
From the analyzed routes, which were developed with the transmission line,
this one is the shortest route. This route goes trough parts, which are populated,
and trough industrial area and near the archeological site Heraklea. The rout
intersects many of the infrastructure buildings, and it is very difficult in providing
the all required licenses, but even if they will be provided, the building of the
transmission line will be very difficult.
This solution is not analyzed at all by the investor; even though provide the
shortest route in connection of the substations. In this regard, reasons are justified.
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
Due to the abovementioned reasons this route has not been shown on Figure 4.
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
The following tables and images provided more detailed information on the most
important elements in lines:
Table 1: Basic data of the lines
Nominal voltage 110kV
From the existing 110 kV portals in S/S
Bitola 4 to the place of connection of the
Route existing OHTL 2x110 kV S/S Bitola 2 – S/S
Bitola 3, No. 164 A, B (tower 38 A3 - tower
39 A3)
Starting point (the beginning of section I) Docking portals in S/S Bitola 4
The double circuit (special) tower that
Intersection point
will join the cables for both systems
(end of section I, beginning of section II)
(near S/S Bitola 4 at cca 400m
Near the double circuit tower no. 38 and
tower no. 39 (which is currently working
on a single circuit system 10kV) is
intended to form a “triangle” that despite
Endpoint
the existing 110 kV S/S Bitola 2 – S/S
Bitola 3 it will establish the links: S/S
Bitola 2 - Bitola 4, S/S Bitola 1 – S/S Bitola
4
Section I сса 400m
Planned section
Section II сса 12km
Height of the towers Min 12m Max 28m
Height of top of the the towers Min 24m Max 40m
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
Side Side
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
Production ABB
Type AXLJ 1х1000/95мм2 110kV
Rated voltage 110 kV
General
Maximum voltage 123 kV
The Basic Impulse
550kV
Level (BIL)
Type Round, compacted
Conductor Material Aluminium
Cross-section 1000мм2
Conductor screen
Type Triple extruded, dry cured
Insulation Material XLPE
Thickness 13мм
Insulation screen
Type Concentric wires
Metallic screen Material Copper
Diameter 95мм2
Longitudinal water
Type Semi-conductive swelling tapes
sealing
Radial water seal Material Pe-Al-Pe
Material HDPE
Thickness 3,6мм
Outer Cover Extruded
YES
conductive layer
Outer diameter 82мм
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
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LEGEND:
Figure 7: Cable channel cross-section with double circuit and triangular arrangement of conductors
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
2.6.1 B UILDING
2.6.1.1 GENERAL
The building of the transmission line will be performed In accordance with the
previously prepared project and in accordance with the existent regulations, norms
and MKS standards. The materials that will be used are in accordance to the provisions
in the project, and in accordance with quality standards and for the same will be
submitted certificates. During the building of the transmission line, the contractor is
responsible to lead the construction diary with all predicted data. During the building
of the transmission line the monitoring by investors and contractors will be provided.
Before the building starts, the marking of the tower allocations throughout the
route will be conducted. The marking is performed manually on field by contractor’s
team; the team will use wooden poles and coloring spray for marking the poles. The
approach to the marking locations will be conducted with light vehicles on main and
country roads.
After marking of the route, the cleaning of the vegetated area under the
transmission line will start. Hereby, the transmission line does not pass through the
wood the bigger cutting of trees won’t be done, the cutting of trees will be done only
in certain cases as if the security distance of the transmission line is less than 3
meters.
In the part where the underground cable, which is with length of 400 meters, will
be placed, the marking is the same as in the above mentioned method. Route for the
underground cable passes through the urban area, next to the coast of a river basin
channel, and then extends through the grass without any need of additional cleaning or
tree cutting.
To the market places the approach will be with Lorries, where digging of pits will
start and there is access with the machine digging. If it has concluded that the
capacity of the land is the same with the capacity of the soil, which is determined in
the Report for the engineering geological characteristics of the soil materials
throughout the route, the construction will start with concrete foundation. The
constriction material to the locations will be transported with Lorries. After backfilling
and tamping the soil around the foundations, the remaining soil if possible plans to be
transferred to a place that has provided for such things. The other waste (sand,
concrete, stone, etc.) will be displaced in a landfill waste. Then, mounting of the steel
constriction of towers is the next step. The construction will be performed with
appropriate machinery and cranes, the machinery will move around on the current
approachable roads, also they will move around in the green area but only if there is
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
necessity of them. Considering the configuration of the field and condition of the
route, the breaking of new roads will not be preformed.
After construction of towers will start the mounting of wires and overhead
equipment. The stretching will be done through wire rope stretcher and will be set up
the temporary grounding, which will be dismantled after that. During the installation
of conductors and protective safety ropes, the stretching is carried out in accordance
with the regulations i.e. stretching to the maximum power and after twenty minutes
lose of the power that is suitable to the surrounding temperature by measuring the
span.
The mounting of the optical rope is in accordance with the national regulations
and instructions in mounting in accordance with the standard DIN 48208.
Protective rope will be placed in drums in one unit without end. On required
places will be transported with Lorries.
The equipment that will be delivered from the manufacturer will be unloaded
from freight cars or Lorries with appropriate equipment. The equipment will be
unloaded, transported and installed by qualified persons.
Within the technical documentation is considered the protection of the transmission
line from natural disasters such as: thunder strike; towers are protected from flood
with advanced foundations; protection from slipping Level by locating the towers on
stable locations; protection from additional burden (snow, frost, ice) and high wind
pressure; fire protection; pollution protection of the environment by using the isolated
elements.
From seismic forces the transmission line will be without special protection of the
towers, because the transmission lines aren’t categorized in accordance with article 4
from the Regulation for technical normative for construction of objects for high
construction in seismic areas (Off, Gazette SFRJ No.31/81).
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
After marking of the cable run the dig of the cable channel will start, this mostly
will be done with machines and part of it will be done manually. Depth and width of
the channel will be 1.2 meters. Before installation of the cable, the whole route must
be dogged. Then, the layer of sand as cable beds up to 0.45 m high. Over the beds
above the installed high power cables, the concrete slabs are placed. In approximate
of 10 cm over the concrete slabs are placed the warning tapes for presence of high
power and telecommunications cables.
The constriction material to the locations will be transported with Lorries. The
waste (sand, concrete, stone, etc.) will be gathered and displaced in a landfill waste.
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
The operational life of the transmission lines is estimated for over 50 years. During
its lifetime the transmission doesn’t require special arrangements just maintenance.
The maintenance includes regular inspection and replacement of the broken
parts. During the regular inspection the condition of the route is inspected, towers,
grounding, conductors, isolators and other parts of the transmission line. During
regular inspection branches are cut, which surpasses the allowed highness, if it is
necessary the sanitation of the ground is performed and the eventual damaging of
foundations by unscrupulous people is checked. If in the future the vegetation stays
the same, and because of the existence of short plants, the intervention in cutting
branches will be minimal. The underground cables are not requiring regular
inspections.
During the operation of the transmission line from different reasons, some of the
wires can touch the ground or higher plants, and there is small chance to endanger the
life due to existence of the appropriate protection in the substations, but there can be
fire and that is why the stipulated fire protection measures should be followed
2.6.3 DECOMMISSIONING
After the end of the operational life the procedure for decommissioning in
fact takes place in the opposite order of construction, so the first the wires and over
head equipment is removed, then the towers are demounting and at the end the
foundations will be removed and the field will be repaired.
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
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3.1 G E O G R A P H I C P O S I T I O N O F T H E LO C A T I O N
Municipal Boundaries
Municipal Center
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
The starting point of the planned 2x110kV OHTL S/S Bitola 3 – S/S Bitola 4 is S/S
Bitola 4, which is located in the urban area of the town. On the output of S/S Bitola 4
corridor of planned 2x110kV OHTL it turns south passing through vicinity Bitola with
underground cable of approximate 40m. The corridor passes next to catchment channel
so-called Stara Reka near the elementary school Kliment Ohridski and exits on the
periphery continuing through green area. Here the corridor continuous with on ground
line, south in direction to village Lavci. Near the village Lavci the corridor turns for 40
degrees in southeastern direction passing next to Monastery St. Anastie in direction to
village Bukovo. From village Bukovo the corridor changes its direction on east toward
the angle place No. 7 toward settlement Bukovski Livadi. In this junction corridor
passes through flat terrain with some planted land. From Bukovski Livadi corridor has a
small turning toward northeast, where it passes over the highway and the railway,
which is not in function and comes near the village Kravari. From here the corridor
continuous through plain land throughout the existent 150kV OHTL S/S Bitola 1 – Greek
border. Then the corridor turns north following the 150kV OHTL to the towers 19 and
20 in the industrial zone which is the shortest distance for connection of the existent
2x110kV OHTL S/S Bitola 2 – S/S Bitola 3.
Figure 13: Section I (underground cable – marked with blue) and Section II (transmission line –
marked with red)
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
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3.3 N A T U R A L
F E A T U R E S A N D S T A T E O F T HE E NV I R O N M E N T A L M E D I U M I N T H E
AREA OF THE PROJECT
The route of the project covers the Pelagonia region i.e. Bitola’s valley.
Temperature: From ecological aspect with its climate characteristics this region
have contrary whether - in winter is with very low temperatures and in summer
the temperature is pretty high. The average temperature for 2007 was 12.6°C. The
estimated monthly temperature in winter is 2.5°C and the average lowest
temperature is 5.3°C. The lowest measured temperature is measured in 1954 and
was -29°C, this temperature is expected in every 2 to 3 years. In winter months,
the average percentage of sunny days is 12.3% and in spring months is 28.3%; In
summer months 43% and in autumn is 24.3%.
Humidity: The relative air humidity is: in winter 81.3% in spring months 67% in
summer months 57.7% and in autumn 71.7% or 69.42% annually.
Soil temperature: Soil temperature in depth of 5cm increases from January to July
and then decreases until December. The average monthly temperature of the
surface is with smallest value in January i.e. 1.4°C and the highest value is in July
with average of 21.1°C.
Rains: Because of the particular orthographic conditions, Bitola has fewer rains
and they are uneven. The average annual amount is 598mm and not higher then
800mm with 119 rainy days in the year. Also has dry periods but they are the short
period of time with only 10 to 15 days at most up to 60 days. The snow cover starts
in October until April. The average snowing day’s count 34-36 and its maximum is
in January. The maximum high of the snow is 60 to 65cm.
Fog: Annually in average 25 days are with fog. The fog comes in September and
lasts until May. In some years, there is fog in days.
Winds: In Bitola the north wind prevails and is with average annual constancy of
189‰, the average speed is 2.2m/sec and maximum speed id up to 15.5m/sec. The
second for its constancy is the south wind with average of 134‰ with annual
average speed of 3.7m/sec and maximum speed of 18.9m/sec. The northwest wind
is also present with average of 83‰ with average speed of 2.4m/sec and maximum
speed up to 18.9m/sec. The southeast wind has constancy of 68‰ average speed of
2.7m/sec and maximum speed of 18.9m/sec. The northeast wind has constancy of
63‰ average speed of 2.7m/sec and maximum speed of 18.9m/sec. The northeast
wind has constancy of 63‰ average speed of 2.2m/sec and maximum speed of
15.5m/sec. The western wind has constancy of 61‰ average speed of 3.5m/sec
and maximum speed of 22.6m/sec. The southwestern wind has constancy of 41‰
average speed of 2.4m/sec and maximum speed of 15.5m/sec. with the lowest
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constancy is the eastern wind with the average of 22‰, average speed of 1.7m/sec
and maximum speed of 15.5m/sec.
The often draft and relatively high temperatures allow increasing of vapor
conditions from free water and soil surface. In this regard, conditions for
increasing of possible vapor are created. The average vapor is 855l/m2.
The terrain throughout the transmission line route of S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
and wider is built from rocky masses with different geological age, genesis and
geotechnical characteristics. In terms of tectonic the wider region belongs to vast
geotectonic unit – Western Macedonian zone. The location of the route of the
transmission line in regard to the basic geotectonic unit in Macedonia is shown on
figure 15. The basic facts that can be point out for the geo-chronological
development of the wider region (those that have appropriate meaning for the
route of the transmission line) are:
‐ The oldest rocks in the Western Macedonian zone in part of the regarded
route of the transmission line have Precambrian age and they are in the
frames of the magmatic complex composed from granodiorite, shale
granodiorite, syenite rocks and granite.
‐ For today look of terrain the current geological processes during the Quarter
period are important, when the deluvial cover is created over the basic
rocks, the glaciofluvial sediment are noted in the foothill of mountain Baba
in form of wreath wide several kilometers and alluvial sediments in the
foothills of the biggest rivers but mostly they are formed in Pelagonia
valley.
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All periods of the geological development had big impact over the creation of
today condition of the terrain which is manifested with current relief and
conditions for projecting the transmission line (directly and indirectly).
Location of the route from geo-morphological aspect characterizes with sharp
slopes created from tectonic and erosion processes. On hills it is noted presence
of tranches during the contact between different lithologic elements i.e. in the
contact between the deluvium and glaciofluvial sediments as well vio grus and
granites.
The terrain is manly flat with minimal sea level of 585m on km 10 + 426.50 and
mountainous area with sea level of 769m on km 3+034.10. The zone around the
transmission line tower AZ3 gently curved ridge with soft. The bias part of terrain
of northeast side has relatively sharp slope, which is obvious on the naked basic
rocks. The present trenches – valleys in geological sense are in stadium of middle
activity. Because of the relatively sharp bow throughout them from time to time
they are becoming deeper and because of this, the case of fulfilling of proluvial
material in the zone of its connection with the occasional streams is present.
3.3.3 S E I S M I C - T E C T O N I C CHARACTERISTIC
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- Granite (presents the base of whole terrain and they are with meaningful
geologic – geotechnic environment in which transmission line tower AZ3 will
be founded. There are two types of granite: alkali, light grey and white.
Their structure has massive texture. In tectonic zones on surface are
changed and subjected to grusification. They can be found with deepness of
2500m.
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Figure 17: District of Hydro System Streževo and display of the route of the
transmission line that passes over the main water supply channel (indicated in red)
The basic hydrological network is created by rivers Semnica and Dragor with
its branches and streams from mountain Baba: Kisavska; Graeska, Ostrecka,
Zlokukanska, Stara Reka and Kindirka and part of the water channel network of
Pelagonia. Quantity of Baba’s streams and their input in basin of river Semnica is
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conducted with help of alimentation channel which is with total land of 67.5km
and transmission power 5m3/sec. The major channel of Hydro-system Streževo is
closed channel which transport and distribute of water from Streževo
accumulation to the regarded buildings for consumers of the water from the
system and it is with length of 39km and maximal estimated transmission power of
12.31m3/sec. the pipeline network of the hydro-system is for watering of Pelagonia
part and its network of major intersect and junction pipelines with total length of
534km.
The planned transmission line route intersects with the major water supply
channel and with part of the network of the detailed pipeline network of hydro-
system and location of the transmission line. The basic elements of the system are
shown on Figure 17.
Quality of the surface waters in Republic of Macedonia is monitored by
Institute for hydro-meteorological services through the RIMSYS (River monitoring
system). The program for analysis of hydrological parameters physical and
organoleptic indicators, mineralization, oxygen indicators, euthrophic indicators
and hazardous substances. In frames of this program Crna Reka id monitored in
regard of hydro-logical parameters in station Novaci and other parameters that
defined quality of the water and classification in accordance with the rule for
categorization of the streams, lakes, accumulations and underground waters
(official Gazete of R. M. No. 18/99 and 71/99) are monitored in Skocivir station
which is shown on Figure 18 and to which all of measure stations are also
presented.
Figure 18 Overview of monitoring stations for monitoring the quality of surface water
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The data from 2006 that are reviewed by Macedonia information center
within Ministry of environment and physical planning are showing deflects of water
quality of river Crna Reka in regard to the quality stipulated with the Rule (II class
little polluted mesotrophic water. Deflections are in regard of values of dissolved
oxygen BPK5, nitrate concentration and value of index that classifies river Crna
Reka into the III class (mild euthrophic water that has hazardous substances and
microbiological pollution) in regard with content of heavy metals Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd
and ions, Ni, Cu, Cr6+ and Pb the river Crna is with oligotrophic, mesotrophic
character and belongs in the class I and II. It I very particular that all measures
conducted in 2006 at the measurement place Skocivir in regard to biomonitoring
75% of specimens are showing II class quality of the water and 25% of specimens
have III class quality.
Pelagonia region
The data for emissions and pollution matters from different sources of
Pelagonia region are given in Table 5. Data shows that 75% from total emissions of
So2 on territory of Republic of Macedonia are from industrial capacities and 74% of
emissions of NOx in Pelagonia region are result from REK Bitola and other legal
entities on the region. In addition, the emissions from the mobile resources, wild
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dumping areas burning of waste material in the open area are cause for air quality
in the project area.
Environmental
Minimal average monthly Maximum average monthly
hazardous
concentration /month (2009) concentration /month (2009)
substances
The most important data during the analysis of the values of the pollution
substances of the air is actually the knowledge is there deflection of limited one
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
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hour and 24 hour values for human health protection and how many times during
month and in the year these values had deflected. (Table 7).
Table 7: Limit values for human health and overdraft per year for 2009 in Bitola
14
24h limit value for protection of human eight-
125 280 59
health for 2009 hour
0
How many times has exceeded 24h limit eight-
0 0 101
value for 2009 hour
3.3.7 NOISE
The major resources of noise are all types of traffic means, gear and
machines that are used by industrial capacities as well agricultural machines. The
measurement of communal noise over the exposed population in Bitola is covered
with the network of Institute for health protection – Bitola (the measurement
locations are shown on Figure 20. The measurement location marked with 8 on
Figure 20 is next to S/S Bitola 4 where digging of the underground cable will be
performed and on ground cable passes through area which is out of the rich of
measurement stations network.
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3.3.9.1. FLORA
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Figure 23: Marsh vegetation at the beginning of the route near Bitola S/S 4
Figure 24: dominant associations of the route of the planned transmission line
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provided the conditions for sustainable ways of using and protecting these endangered
species.
The field is combined with partially treated surfaces (especially in close vicinity
of the village Lavci, Bukovo village while in the village Kravari they are much more
intensively treated), so it all contributes to these areas to meet and orchards with
plums (Prunus domestica), cherries (Prunus avium), hazel (Juglands regia) etc.
According to an excerpt of local economic development of the Municipality of Bitola,
agricultural production is of great importance to the region of Bitola. Considering the
low hill and mountainous area, which largely determines the nature of agricultural
production which predominates: livestock (cattle, sheep, goat, and pigs), poultry
(chicken) and apiculture, agriculture: cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats and corn),
industrial (sunflower, beet oil, tobacco, sugar beet etc.), feed crops (corn silage,
alfalfa, , cattle peas, beans, artificial meadows, etc..) Vegetable cultures ( potatoes,
watermelon, beans, etc.), gardening (tomatoes, peppers, onions, cabbage, etc..) fruit
(apples, peaches, apricots, plums, cherries, etc.), vine (wine and table varieties),
mushrooms, natural meadows and pastures. From this, we can conclude that
agriculture in the Bitola region offers great opportunities for developing economy, with
the opening of new jobs, achieve financial effects and good standards of population in
rural areas.
Figure 23: Parts in plain’s area in agricultural areas of the route of the lines
From all this, during the field observations spent in low hill part of the route of
lines encountered arable agricultural land which is predominantly cereal and
horticultural crops. Since cereals are found mostly corn (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum
aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), rye (Secale cereale), oats (Avena sativa) from
industrial sunflower (Helianthus annuus), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), oil turnips
(Brassica napus), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the garden cabbage (Brassica
oleracea), onion (Allium fistulosum) by perennial crops plums (Prunus domestica)
apricots (Prunus persica), cherry (Prunus avium), sour cherry (Prunus cerasus ) and
others. However, we cannot say that all land is treated with crops. Much of this land
although it is quite suitable for agricultural production remained untreated.
In the examined region is richly developed also weed vegetation (ass. Geranio-
Sylibetum) for which we can say that is present not only in low hill part of the route of
the object but also throughout the length of the planned transmission line . The most
common species can be found at the site of this vegetation is Papaver rhoeas, Rumex
pulcher, Xanthium spinosum, Sambucus ebulus, Hordeum murinum, Balota nigra,
Conyza canadensis and others.
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For most rough surfaces easily can find plants such as grasses (Senecio vulgaris),
vratika (Lolium tempoletum) Glebonis segetum, Poppy (Papaver rhoeas), ljubichica
(Viola sp), bodlika (Sircium arvense), gluvarche (Teraxacum officinale), tegavec
(Plantago spp), livadska grass (Poa spp.).
From conducted inventory of plant species can be concluded that this area
contains species that are registered in international documents and conventions as
BERN convention, IUCN Red list of threatened Plant species, Corine, EMERALD, CITES -
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), and
national relevant documents available.
The described plants in the EIA that exist along the corridor of the electric line are not
registered in the list of international documents and conventions. There are some
species as Boletus pinicola, Boletus edulus, Boletus aereus and Cantharellus cibaris
that are endangered because of unorganized collection of them by the citizens. It is
possible that during the faze of electric line construction they can be collected by the
workers on the location. The conclusion of the biologist is that according her
observation and consultation with relevant documents the location of electric line
doesn’t content species that are registered in the international documents,
conventions and national documents as well. In term of flora there is not a potential of
significant negative impacts.
3.3.9.2. FAUNA
Due to the nature of the impact of the object of particular importance are the birds
that will be vulnerable group in terms of lines of work. It is especially important for
migratory birds and their migration corridors that could be seriously endangered if
forced to destroy. If you come to the absence of these locations along the air
migratory corridor, where they are providing basic conditions for survival can come to
declining populations of many species of birds migration which may adversely reflect
on the global level.
The most numerous birds were present on site during the field observations were:
wild pigeon (Columbia livia), jackdaw (Pica pica) and sparrow (Passer montanus). From
winter pigeons were detected (Sturnus vulgaris balcanicus), crow (Corvus cornix) and
(Corvus monedula). According to locals, it is possible that the area to online stone
partridge (Alectoris graeca) and Poland partridge (Perdix perdix), and steppe kestrel
(Falco naumanni), but during the implementation of field research, these species were
observed on nearby locations.
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On the site were not observed signs of mammals. It is possible that the presence of
the wolf (Canus lupus) which is seen by locals in the past, in the wider area of the site.
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Table 9: Assessment of fauna diversity in the region
Amphibians (AMPHIBIA)
Species People name
Pelobates syriacus balcanicus The eastern spade foot toad
Salamandra salamandra Salamander
Bufo bufo The common toad
Rana ridibunda Marsh frog
Reptiles ( REPTILIA)
Testudo graeca Greek Tortoise
Testudo hermanni Hermann's tortoise
Lacerta trilineata The Balkan Green Lizard
Podarcis erhardii The Erhard's wall lizard
Podarcis taurica Balkan wall lizard
Coluber caspius Large whip snake
Coluber gemonensis Balkan whip snake
Birds (AVES)
Corvus monedula Jackdaw
Pica pica Magpie
Garrulus glandarius Rook
Corvus frugilegus Poland Crow
Corvus corax Raven
Passer domesticus Home sparrow
Passer montanus Polish sparrow
Sturnus vulgaris Starling
Hirundo rustica Rural swallow
Delichon urbica Urban swallow
Upupa epops Hoopoe
Cuculus canorus The Common Cuckoo
Bubo bubo Owl
Coturnix coturnix The Common Quail
Columba oenas Stock pigeon
Columbia livia Wild pigeon
Columba palumbus The Common Wood Pigeon
Streptopelia decaocto The Eurasian Collared Dove
Alectoris graeca The Rock Partridge
Falco subbuteo The Eurasian Hobby
Falco tinnunculus Plain Kestrel
Falco naumanni Hunting Kestrel
Perdix perdix Poland partridge
Ciconia ciconia White Stork
Streptopelia turtur The Turtle Dove
Mammals (MAMALIA)
Lepus europaeus Wild Rabbit
Sciurus vulgaris Squirrel
Microtus rossiaemeridionalis Russian vole
Crocidura suaveolens Lesser white-toothed shrew
Vulpes vulpes Fox
Talpa europaea The European Mole
Mustela nivalis Weasel
Mustela putorius The European Polecat
Canus lupus Wolf
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3.3.9.3. CHARACTERISTIC WILDLIFE
• Although Macedonia is a country with rich flora and fauna, it has not yet made
the Red list of species under threat. Therefore, determining the category of
degree of threat to certain species is done using the following documents:
• Bern: Convention for the protection of wild flora and fauna and their natural
habitats in Europe.
• IUCN Red List of globally threatened species under the (2007). Species under
threat are those evaluated species as Critically Endangered (CR); Endangered
(EN) and Vulnerable (VU).
Legal protection
IUCN
Scientific name global
Category
92/43 Bern
the threat
Bufo viridis IV II -
Pelobates syriacus IV II -
balcanicus
Testudo hermanni II/IV II LR/NT
Testudo graeca II/IV II VU
Podarcis taurica IV II -
Podarcis erhardii IV II -
Coluber caspius IV II -
Based on table above of vertebrate species in researched area, and under the
European framework, it can be seen that the species under threat are mainly
representatives of amphibians and reptiles, because the destructive behavior of
anthropogenic factors, it is due fragmentation of their habitats. Especially endangered
species like Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni) and Greek tortoise (Testudo
graeca), which are registered under the list of global IUCN category of threat as a
vulnerable species (Testudo graeca), is close to the kind under threat (Testudo
hermanni).
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3.3.9.4. STATUS OF BIRDS IN THREAT REGION
Given the fact that birds are additional directives and conventions for their protection,
determining the degree of their endangerment is determined based on the following
directives, conventions, and documents:
Based on previous observations have established several types of birds that are
protected by the Bonn and Bern Convention, and habitats have or are present in the
examined region where the lines will be built. Review established that birds are under
legal protection under Directive 79/409, Bern, Bonn Convention and IUCN global threat
category is given in Table 11th.
LEGAL PROTECTION
IUCN
Name of the
global
species 79/409 Bern Bonn
Category
the threat
Ciconia ciconia I II II -
Falco naumanni I II I VU
Bubo bubo I II - -
Falco subbuteo - II II -
Falco tinnunculus - II II -
Falco peregrinus I II II -
Of the birds recorded in the area can be determined that Poland partridge
(Falco naumanni) is a type that falls into the category VU (vulnerable species),
according to IUCN Red List of species under global threat. Parts of the species of birds
within the area are protected by law through the Berne Convention or the Bonn
Convention as an example the hunting kestrel (Falco naumanni).
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Sparrow Stork
Hunting Kestrel
Significantly for this project is that near the area proposed for the preparation
of urban project for the construction of 2x110 kV Bitola double circuit transmission line
S/S Bitola 3 - S/S Bitola 4 Municipality no recorded natural heritage.
In the corridor near the National Park Pelister, but it is important to note that
the route of the planned transmission line runs away from him, so the impact of
building on the biodiversity of the National Park is only slightly or not at all is present.
The nearest point from the transmission line to the National Park Pelister is the Power
station Bitola 4. The distance from this point to the borders of the National park is
approx. 5 km and the distance between the transmission line and the National park is
approx. 10 km as the line goes to the oposite side of the park border. The route of the
transmission line and the border of the National park Pelister in the nearest points
have been shown on the Figure below.
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In 2004 The new territorial division of the territory of the Republic of Macedonia
Bitola municipality is determined by law and covers the city of Bitola and 65
surrounding villages. According to the census of 2002, the total population in the
municipality is 95,385, of which 74,550 in
the city and 20,835 in the villages. To Macedonians 88.70%
national identity 88.70% are Macedonians,
Albanians 4.36%, 2.74% Roma, 1.68 Turks, Albanians 4.36%
Roma 2.74%
The gender structure of population is Албанци
Роми
Turks 1.68%
Власи
above average mortality rate and natural Figure 24: National identity in the Municipality of
growth with a negative sign of - 0.16. The Bitola
rate of total fertility municipality in 2008 is 1.48 and does not provide for recovery of
the population. This situation is primarily determined by extensive emigrational
movements abroad in the last four decades that significant narrowing of the
conditional basis of the reproductive population in the municipality. According to data
on external migration is realistic to assume that today is abroad at least one third of
the population of this region. In the last decade is noticeable migration from abroad
(reverse flow). As regards internal migration prevails among municipal resettlement. In
marriage, population is characterized mainly by reducing marriages growth divorces.
Unfavorable trends in natural and mechanical movement of the population are
reflected on the changes in age structure resulted in an intensive process of
demographic aging. The municipality stands out as one of the areas with the oldest
population in the country. The ranking of the population age suggests that in 2006 the
population in the region is in a deep stage of demographic old age. This age structure
implies further aging of the population in a relatively short period. As a result of these
changes in the community reduces the share of children, a growing contingent
workforce and the representation of older than 65 years. Therefore, a great burden on
the older working age population that assumes negative economic and social
implications.
This municipality has a smaller increase in the number of households in the country.
The single share of households and population living in them are higher than average in
the country in all municipalities. The total number of households is 37,225, of which
23,010 in 5932 and in the villages. The growth of households is 1.7%.
Educational structure of population Pelagonia region shows that despite the
unfavorable demographic trends in the community as a whole has high quality human
resources. However, the differences are very internal municipally highlighted, is the
existing educational structure of the population can be assessed as unfavorable due to
the large share (more than 40%) of the population with low levels of education.
Educational level of the population older than 15 years is 41.8% low, 43% medium and
15.2% with higher education.
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According to data from State Statistical Bureau, Pelagonia planning region had
GDP per capita 168.560 denars in 2007. Investments in fixed assets by sectors of
activity amounts to 4 010 million denars.
According to the analysis of economic movements in non financial sector for
the period 2003-2006, the region has seen positive results in terms of total value
added of this sector, but growth is low due to the decline of manufacturing in not
restructured medium and large enterprises.
Contrast, small businesses marking a significant increase of 48% in the period
analyzed, but insufficient to substantially exceed the decline in medium and large
enterprises. As the most important sectors in the region are emerging food industry,
textile, tobacco, construction and trade.
Bitola's economy is characterized by a dominant representation of the
processing industry sector. Given the size of the existing processing capacities that
play a significant role in the economy of Macedonia.
Available data from the Pension and Disability Studies show that in the
Municipality of Bitola today has a total of 23,670 employees. Dominant employment
sectors are: industry (mainly textiles and processing of milk), trade, construction,
hotels and restaurants, agriculture. The total number of employees polled companies
on the territory of the Center for Employment of Bitola, in the period 2006-2008 year
has seen a reduction. Namely, at the time of polling indicators point to reduced
growth in the number of employees. Reducing the total number of employees polled
enterprises due to the fact that in the period 2006-2008, several major companies
went into bankruptcy (Makedonija staklo, Zito Bitola, GP Beton, etc.). Analysis in
2008 shows thatBigthe companiesSmall
polled in the previous
Medium 12 months were employed 3197
people. Of the total number of new employment accounted for 80.6% of the average,
10.5% of large and 8.9% of small businesses. Of the total new employment 83.6% were
in the processing industry.
Natural conditions have a major impact on the development of Bitola's economy and
its structure, is the representation of different sectors. Due to large amounts of
lignite in this area was built from 1983 is working the largest electric facility in
Macedonia, Mining and Energy Factory, REK-Bitola annually produces 4.2 gig watts
hours electricity. As a result of the valorization of raw present opportunities and
resources in recent decades was recorded a significant rise in: metal, textile, food,
tobacco and graphic industry, production of milk and dairy products, alcoholic and
soft drinks, sugar, yeast, methilatedspirit and others.
orchards, vineyards and meadows. Forest Figure 28: the largest producer of electricity
wealth, also represents a solid basis for in Macedonia - REK Bitola
dynamic economic development,
because the surrounding mountains Baba, Pelister, Kajmakčalan and other wild spaces
have large forest complexes of industrial wood and firewood. Bitola and the
surrounding is also known for its diverse mineral wealth. This is especially true of
large quantities of lignite and other non-metals.
The Municipality of Bitola in recent years is observed trend of improving economic
activity in companies. However, noted a reduced growth in the number of employees.
That, among other things is conditioned by the existence of reserves of labor in the
existing business entities. Short-term forecasting of demand for labor made based on
the results of the analysis of skills needs for 2008 shows that in the next 12 months
can be expected around 3800 new employment of which 40% are seasonal
employment or a period of time. Such demand for labor may be assessed as relatively
low or insufficient in reducing the volume of non engaged workforce.
In recent years, industry sector and medium enterprises are the largest creators of
jobs in the municipality of Bitola. And next year, two thirds of new hires will be
realized in the medium and more than four fifths of them are logged in the sector
industry.
Continuous absolute and relative reduction in the number of young workers
means that companies in the Municipality of Bitola are faced with intensely conscious
of the aging workforce. Consequently we can expect the release of jobs on the
grounds of retirement. This structure implies problems with the existing facilities
engaged workforce (outdated knowledge, lack of skills).
The structure of demand for labor also may be assessed as unfavorable because
of the small demand for labor with higher education. That complicated the problem
of employment of highly educated personnel, which represents a significant loss of
human capital.
The municipality of Bitola has no distinctive shortage of manpower. It is
primarily manifested in the lack of experience of potential workers. However, as
deficient may allocate the textile workers of different profiles with solid educational
level and construction workers.Regarding the supply of labor can be concluded that
although there has been a positive trend - reducing the number of registered
unemployed persons still remains a major problem in the Municipality of Bitola
remains unemployment. In terms of structural characteristics of the unemployed is
important to note the following: is the dominant urban unemployment, a large
number of recorded unemployed young people aged 29 years; structure employed by
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the education can be assessed as unfavorable: The proportion of unemployed with
high education is almost double than the level of the earth about 32.0% of recorded
unemployed persons waiting for employment. The structure of the supply of labor can
be assessed as unfavorable, primarily because of the large number of unemployed
persons older than 50 years, whose employment is a very serious problem.
It is obvious non-conformity of supply and demand in the labor market in the
Municipality of Bitola in terms of volume and in terms of structural features of the
labor force. It manifests itself primarily in terms of volume of demand and certain
structural features of the unemployed.
In the context of future changes in the labor market is important to consider
and demographic characteristics of the municipality of Bitola. It is an area which in
the last decade face greatly reduces the population. These conditions intensive
process of demographic aging and the contingent workforce, which implies
significantly narrowed demographic basis for an influx of new generations of the labor
market. Bitola is the immigration area for residents from other municipalities
Pelagonia region. These migrations make additional pressure on the labor market. As
the external migration is traditionally emigration municipal area which saw a very
large immigration (at least two fifths of the population of the municipality outside the
country). Because today the development of potential emigrants is enormous. In the
last decade in the intellectual growth is immigration, inter alia, conditional on the
small demand for highly educated personnel.
Од аспект на идниот In
terms of future economic
development, especially important
to be singled out the construction
of industrial zone Zhabeni (located
near the village. Kravari). It is an
area of 244 hectares and is located
5 km from the border with Greece.
The opening of this industrial zone
is expected to attract significant
new investment, and thereby allow
the opening of many new jobs.
Directions of future economic
Figure 29: Plan of Zhabeni industrial zone development of the Municipality of
Bitola are determined by the
strategic plan for local economic
development. In the context of the preparation of the Local Employment Action Plan,
it is important to consider the strategic directions and goals of local economic
development important to promote employment :
- Construction of industrial area Zhabeni construction and the two other zone
- Development of strategies to attract expatriates
- The establishment and support of business incubator
- Promotion of alternative types of tourism
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3.4.3 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
External basis for linking state defined communication corridors and under
international conventions and recommendations, which also are the basis for the
orientation towards European and Balkan commitments on economic and technological
communications, which is of particular importance for exports.
The basis for internal connection in the state, is planning and development of road
network in Macedonia is based on categorization of roads, the strategic corridors
defined international road traffic, has built a European road network - Tem with "E"
mark on the road, they have constructed highway and regional road network, and the
definitions of test strategy development.
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unpaved and in certain periods of heavy use of lightweight vehicles. As in other areas,
maintenance of local roads was inadequate and insufficient, which is due primarily to
lack of funds, and forcing the construction of new sections and maintenance of streets
in urban centers.
Rail traffic: Concept development of rail system is based on the need for
modernization and expansion of railways in general, and linking the railway network in
Macedonia with the networks of Bulgaria and Albania.
Railway network in Macedonia in the planning period should consist of: National
rail of international character, regional lines and local lines, including highway rail line
from the international character Wed-Kremenica Veles-Bitola-length of 145,6 km.
In the planning period up to 2020 years. Among other things, expected growth of
the integrated transport, is the technical-technological facilitation of Macedonian
Railways for execution of tasks and involvement in international traffic, which is in line
with the strategy of development of rail traffic and the real possibilities of Macedonia.
Pelagonia planned throughout the region spends part of the railway line Skopje-
Bitola-border with Greece, in length of 84.2km, but the line ends with a blind track.
The railway network in this region has an average density and length of the railways
lines of 100 thousand inhabitants is above the national average and indicates that this
region is better served with this type of transport in comparison with most planning
regions. In terms of air transport in the vicinity of Bitola is situated airport sporting
class A, which is the grass root. There airports for commercial aviation, which are
located in the vicinity of Bitola - Logovardi "and" Dame Gruev ".
The municipality has relatively good access to the airport Ss. Paul in Ohrid, but
this airport often work with limited capacity that is not in favor of the development of
surrounding regions that depend on it.
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Networks: AD Macedonian Telecommunications "for its customers providing a
wide range of services such as voice services (including value-added services), services
for data transmission, Internet access, mobile telecommunication services, public
payphones. Telecommunication services are provided on the basis of well established
communication network using the latest technologies.
Users in this area in the telecommunications traffic is connected through a
telephone center in Bitola.
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The archaeological map of Macedonia, which examines the prehistoric and historic
layers of human existence, from the earliest times to the late Middle Ages, the
analyzed area, sites are recorded:
- Holy Trinity - Heraclea, ancient Christian basilica is located approximately 500m
southwest of the central city area; Heraclea - Heraclea Lynkestis, urban
settlement of Hellenic during the Middle Ages;
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- KO Poeševo - Tumba village, settlement of Bronze Age, situated in the village;
- KO beech - Monastery Bukovo ancient Christian basilica; Kutlište, settlement
from the Roman period; Neoljani, medieval village, situated in the locality Twelve
Kladenci; Crkvište, medieval Church and Cemetery are located 2km west of the
village, among the locality Mišev Meadow;
- KO Lavci - no;
According to the Spatial Plan of Macedonia, the highest number of goals relating
to the treatment and protection of cultural heritage in the plans of lowers level.
3.4.5 TOURISM
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Table 12: Project: building of two-system transmission line 2X110 kV SS Bitola 3 - SS Bitola 4
Identification of possible impacts of the project activities on different elements of the environment (Leopold matrix)
MPS/hospitals/schoolsКо
Topography and geology
Hydrological conditions
Migration of population
heritage improvement
community economics
Continuous electricity
Surfice water quality
Underground water
managing different
Project activities in all phases of the transmission line durability
Socially vulnerable
Disease occurance
New employments
Protected species
MSP development
Electromagnetic
Development of
Generating and
Protected area
types of waste
Soil pollution
development
Demography
Meteorology
нтинуирано
Agricultural
population
Air quality
supply for
resources
radiation
changes
quality
groups
Odour
Fauna
Flora
1 Conversion of land use * * * * * * * * * * *
2 Clearing of the existing land, vegetation and buildings * * * * * * * * * * *
4 Prebuilding analysis, eg. hole digging, land testing * * * * *
5 Building work * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
For the underground cable transmission line
6 Digging a trench for underground cable * * * * * * * *
7 Setting a cable base * * * * *
8 Filling up the trench * * * * * *
9 Functioning of the underground cable * * * * * * * *
10 Occurance of a breakdown * * * * * * * *
For the overhead transmission line
10 Marking (staking out) the stake points and setting a central peg * * * *
11 Digging foundation holes * * * * * * * * *
12 Fundation concreting * * * * * * * * * * * *
13 Mounting a steel construction on the stakes * * * * * * * * *
14 Carry out electrofitting (mounting of ropes and insulator equipment) * * * * * * * * *
15 Mounting of safety rope with optical fibers * * * * * * * * *
16 Buildings for storing materials * * * * * *
17 Building of new access roads * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
18 Transportation of workers and/or materials * * * * * * * * * * *
19 Crossing with other transmission lines/pipelines * * * *
20 Fuel/energy consumption * * * *
21 Use of natural resources/ land, water, material and energy * * * * *
22 Use, storage, transportation of harmful substances * * *
23 Generating different types of waste * * * * * *
24 Managing different types of waste * * * * * *
25 Operation and maintenance of the transmission line * * * * * * * * * *
26 Termination of operation of the transmission line * * * * * *
Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead
transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
During construction
During the construction of lines visual character of the area will change as a
result of short-term activities that will take the field in the form of clearing,
digging of trenches, arrival and presence of large transport vehicles, trucks, cranes
and other machinery required for transport of steel columns, after clearing the
towers and installation and electric installation affairs and the creation of waste.
Of course impact on the area and will have the presence of many workers (about
10-15 a tower place) and their movement in the environment. Setting the
underground cable will cause a change in visual character in the urban area by TA
Bitola 4 in length of 400m, but it will be short and local nature. It provides the
building of underground cable to be completed in about 15 days.
For the installation of double circuit steel lattice tower hot-dip galvanized
for elevated transmission line and preparing the ground by placing the concrete
seats will be required and construction material and its transport and storage
during the installation of the columns. It provides a one pillar to last about 5 days
after completion of construction works and removal of the Jester and other waste
short-term impact of the construction will stop.
Operational phase
Generally, because by their nature transmission line are positioned at
locations that exhibited in the operational phase is visually noticeable and max.
5km. distance. Basic receptors of the new look of the area on any of the elevated
transmission line will be locals and travelers passing local roads Bitola - Lavci -
beech - Krstoar - Kravari and tourists who passing highway Bitola - Greek border.
The local population is most sensitive category they will be subject to visual
permanently changed the area who know for years. Looking from the perspective
of the local population, the current landscape is largely flat with low vegetation,
low residential houses and gardens and view towards the surrounding mountains
and the city of Bitola.
Places where you lay the steel poles are located at a distance of at least
500m - 1000m from the first inhabited houses and the ropes because of its
structure and thickness do not pose a greater obstacle to the sight. Steel
construction is lightweight mesh shape and although the height of the columns is
from 12m to 28m high at the top and 40m, the construction will not cause
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destruction of the area. For local passengers and tourists who travel by car to
Greece lines enter into sight a very short period because of the corridor lines with
steel poles and ropes just cut the main road and the road from Bitola to the
surrounding villages.
In flat part of the village Kravari to its end lines extending in parallel at a
distance of 35m with the existing 150 kV transmission line and no significant
changes made to the visual environment. This is especially taken into
consideration when selecting the route and the ultimate disposition of the
columns.
Lines through its elements will be visible from various points of his visual
scope that the expert team identified during the field visit in January 2010th For
the purposes of study be made simulations of the appearance of lines
characteristic of several places of the projected route in the area of the location
of the project. Simulations are given in Appendix 10.4.1 and provide
representation for the visual appearance of the area in the operational phase of
the project.
Decommissioning
When dismantling the lines again appeared disorders of visual appearance of
the area by the presence of working machinery and manpower. Nevertheless,
after the phase of dismantling that would last several months, the area will return
to original condition before starting the project.
Expected that during construction of the facility during its operation and
during the average potential will appear large impacts on biodiversity.
During construction
During construction of the route of the lines are determined following
impacts:
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Operational phase
During the operational phase of the facility vulnerable group of organisms
are birds that can easily be damaged touching their wings to electrical cables.
Birds apparently because of poor string cannot timely respond. Birds that migrate
at night may face a high mortality in bad weather such as fog, rain and low cloud
cover with when the birds were disoriented.
In addition, the length and distribution of lines is an additional obstacle in
their migratory corridor.
With the existence of transmission line permanently lose part of their
natural habitats have been degraded in the building, which means it is very likely
that part of present organisms previously lived in the place of the site will migrate
to other areas, which drastically change the natural flow of biological the
ecosystem.
Successful methods that can be used to avoid touching the birds and the few lines
of research concerning the problem of conflict are planning lines and change the
design of the lines (this option includes relocating the lines, marking the elevated
wires to those be more visible to birds, the use of underground cables). In many
cases the decision to build the lines and possible mitigation measures based on
economic factors. Allocation of an existing line is the last option that should be
offered if treated mitigates conflicts of birds with lines. The huge cost of building
the new line is a reason not to be considered if this option does not appear
biologically significant mortality.
The seriousness of the problem about the injury and mortality of birds from
transmission line under voltage is considered and taken into account in setting the
policy for the Protection of Nature in 2004. The most adequate and modern
methods to protect the birds from damaging contact with the elevated power lines
is the use of Bird Flight Diverters devices (devices for transfer of birds). With the
help of special design (shown in Figure 33) these modern devices to warn birds of
danger.
Figure 29: Different types of devices to divert the birds on the market
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Table 13: Reduce mortality of birds due to the installation of devices to transfer
110 kV transmission line Bernburg - Susigke (Germany) Mortality in birds
Lines without change of direction of birds 156
Set of lines with devices for guiding the birds
56
(на 40m distance)
Set of lines with devices for guiding the birds
1
(на 20m distance)
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During construction
During the construction does not expect significant impacts on the
electromagnetic environment and people.
During construction of the short-term workers will be exposed to more
intensive electromagnetic radiation in carrying out work in S/S Bitola 4, also short
more intensive electromagnetic radiation will occur during welding works, and
weak radiation in the use of other electrical equipment.
Operational phase
At work there are electric lines and electromagnetic field which is spread
among different overhead and underground lines. Therefore, the e
electromagnetic effect will be evaluated separately for both parts of the lines. The
construction of lines and the appearance of electrical and electromagnetic
radiation can affect wildlife and the work of equipment that works with a lecture
and receive radio signals.
Impact on wildlife may be direct (direct contact with the conductor) or
indirectly (through electromagnetic radiation).
Direct contact with the cable line is possible only in construction and hit it
were not respected the procedures for excavation and if there be damage to the
cord. Direct contact with the overhead line is easily possible, but it happens most
often when people do not adhere to a prescribed distance from the conductor or
the security measures work, and the animals frequently among birds. Should there
be contact with two conductors or one conductor and earth, because of the high
voltages, occurs certain death.
The appearance of the electric field lines is a consequence of high voltage
conditions, and radiation occurs as a consequence of the flow of electricity. On the
strength of the magnetic field and its influence have schedule conductor and their
distance from objects.
In the world, there are many studies on the distribution and impact of the
electric field of the people and the main findings are shown in Figure 33 and Figure
34th Figure 33 shows the spatial distribution of the electric field created by the
110 kV.
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Figure 31: Distribution of electric and magnetic field of 150 kV transmission line
From the pictures, it is obvious that the level of the intensity of radiation is
far lower than the maximum values defined by the recommendations of the
European Commission. Such surveys and measurements are carried out in
Macedonia by the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies of
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Skopje, where the measured values of electric and magnetic field near the 110 kV
substation in transmission line . Maximum values are measured from 1783,1 V / m
and 2,673 μT. These results largely coincide with the values shown in the pictures.
The method of construction of underground cables prevents the occurrence of
electric field outside the cable, but high voltage cables create a greater
electromagnetic radiation from the elevated lines, but it depends on the depth of
placement, arrangement of conductor, whether the one circuit double circuit or
platoon, etc. Studies in Ireland show that intensity of the magnetic field at a
distance of 5m of cable for 110 kV cable is 1,5 μT.
At work, elevated transmission line its construction and electromagnetic
radiation is a possible obstacle in the work of the existing radio and receivers of
radio signals. Since near the route will transmitters effect on them is negligible,
and receivers of radio signals (TV, radio, mobile phones, etc.) can feel the slight
weakening of the signal, but only in the immediate vicinity of the lines. For
overhead lines with his part does not pass through populated areas, and the
nearest houses are far more than 100m from the conductor can be considered that
the impact of lines of radio signals will be negligible.
During the operation of the lines in bad weather is possible outbreak of
corona and partial discharges in air. These partial discharges cause interference
with radio signals from special middle wave (AM) area. As near lines do not exist
middle wave transmitters, and the occurrence of partial discharges are expected
only in extremely bad weather conditions (fog and at very high humidity) can be
considered that these barriers are negligible.
With its design and layout of the underground lines (cable) cannot affect
radio signals. The only possible impact is the signal of the telecommunication
cables are intersecting, but if the enrichment is carried out according to
regulations, this impact is negligible.
Decommissioning
With the cessation of work on lines, as in the structure, the electromagnetic
radiation will occur short term will be of local character and will be exposed only
to workers who perform work for disassembly.
After the dismantling, there will be no additional electromagnetic radiation.
4.1.4 NOISE
During construction
Source of noise are different movements of trucks, cranes and other
construction machinery and equipment and handling of building materials during
construction of the lines. The appearance of noise at this stage is inevitable, but it
is good that the construction phase lasts briefly and equipment usually used is not
intensely noisy. Equipment used to open after specifying the level of noise caused
by max. 100 dB., But must take into account the fact type of area of lines in the
degree of protection against noise provided in the new legislation in this area. The
first location of the project (underground cable) falls within the area of second
instance, the route of the elevated transmission line the area of the fourth degree.
Noise levels to ensure these areas are given in Table 11.
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When building the presence of noise may cause short term distinctions the
wildlife of the area of the project which after completion of the building will
return to their original habitats.
Operational phase
In the phase of work on lines appear generally two types of noise - noise
caused by cables and pillars and noise from the activities of regular checks and
maintenance. When constructing the transmission line under specific
meteorological conditions and depending on the voltage appears so called Corona
effect. This effect is characterized by buzzing and cracking that create noise in
the fog, rainy weather, and clean air. Noise occurs as a result of small amounts of
electrical ionization the When building the presence of noise may cause short term
distinctions the wildlife of the area of the project which after completion of the
building will return to their original habitats rains the level of noise from rain is
higher than the noise level of the so-called Corona effect. During low rain, thick
fog, snow and in other circumstances where there is moisture in the air (typical
humidity higher than 80%), lines causes significant noise, but it is within the level
of noise in residential buildings (50 dB to 60 dB). In the dry period, the sounds are
even negligible (40 dB to 50dB), occurring only sporadic cracks.
The planned 110 kV transmission line of this effect is not expected to occur
under normal weather conditions, but only worsened.
When working lines may appear more intense noise of the wind flow around
the conductor and columns. The noise level depends on the speed of the wind and
its direction. Noise may appear when dirty or broken glass or porcelain insulators.
From high voltage leaps in average conditions, the short bang can be heard.
Decommissioning
When dismantling the same lines as during the construction the same
activities will occur and the same sources and level of noise will occur as well.
During construction
Construction of the lines will inevitably bring its own impacts on existing
infrastructure in the regions where it is spread and where the route will perform
construction work.
During construction, more hand crossing lines with the existing
infrastructure.
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Operational phase
In the operational phase does not expect significant impacts on
infrastructure (existing and future), if the performers transmission line and future
infrastructural facilities adhere to legislation, applicable regulations and good
practice.
Negative effects on infrastructure can occur only when failures of lines, which
require the deployment of more machinery and manpower.
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occurs as a result of the phase of construction of lines and traffic operations during
the construction and regular maintenance of it.
During construction
The main impacts of the project on air quality in the area are expected
during construction – digging the soil and concrete work for the settings of
underground cable and placing the tower foundations and supporting installation of
lines.
It is Expected occurrence of fugitive dust emission as the smallest particles of soil,
sand for construction of new access roads, leveling the ground to establish the
construction site around the pillars and the performance of concrete seats. Dust
appears briefly at digging a trench for underground cable length of 400m, in the
urban part of Bitola.
Different types of vehicles, equipment and construction machinery to be
used in construction are mobile sources of emissions of polluting substances which
are characteristic NOx, CO, PM10, non burned hydrocarbons, sulfur, lead, benzene
and other flavoring hydrocarbons that contribute to the creation of secondary
ozone and represent all direct and indirect risk to human health and the
environment. The quality of fuel in the Macedonia within the European standards
and controls in accredited laboratories. The emergence of emissions burning
substances and the negative impact is short intensity at the local level and through
the distribution of polluting substances act on air quality in the area. Key
receptors that may be affected are parts of houses and buildings located around
the points of installation of underground cables and pillars of the elevated cable at
a distance of approximately 200m. This distance is expected to brief disruption of
air quality.
But it should be noted that air quality in the municipality of Bitola actively
measured at two measuring stations and the data show that the impact of
emissions from mobile sources is minimal in terms of emissions that arise from the
stationary sources - facilities that use fossil fuels especially REK Bitola. Data on air
quality in the area of the project is given in Chapter 3.3.6.
Do not expect the occurrence of odor or phase of construction, nor in the
operational phase.
Operational phase
In this phase of the major influences on the quality of air coming from
combustion of fuel in vehicles and equipment necessary for regular checks on the
lines (which usually happen once a year) and visit the necessary interventions.
However, these impacts are short, local, minimal and no question of violation of
air quality greatly.
Decommissioning
When dismantling the lines again appeared in need of construction
machinery, vehicles, which would distort the air quality in the area briefly and
minimal.
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During construction
Project activities undertaken in the phase of construction do not cause
significant long-term negative impact on water bodies because when they do not
use water resources and most activities are carried out close to surface waters.
When activities of digging, laying of underground cable near the Old River can
reach short-term temporary water pollution in the country, solid particles that
would cause blurry water, leak oil or fuel from vehicles and equipment used or
parts of waste is generated.
In preparing the land for new access roads, establishment of areas around
building foundations for installation of steel columns can be reported
contamination of surface and groundwater from temporary in the form of: a)
erosion of sediments due to the removal of soil cover, b ) leakage of fuel and oil
equipment and vehicles, c) other waste that is generated in these activities.
The above activities may affect mainly the point where the pillars will be
placed near the rivers and Smilevska Kindirka and V channel Hydro Streževo in
which will be placed near the tower AZ8.
As the water level in glaciofluvial sediments (which will be set stretched
AZ columns 2 and 4 AZ) is the depth of about 4m to 5m, and is a shallow
excavation at a depth of 2.2m, is not expected to adversely affect the quality of
groundwater.
Access roads may change the manner and mode of drainage of atmospheric
water permeability due to alteration of the surface, removal of vegetation and
thereby to cause erosion and under the influence of wind and rain can occur
sedimentation of natural drainage paths.
Operational phase
In ongoing work on lines, it is not expect negative impacts on surface and
groundwater.
Throughout the life cycle, lines will affect the formation of small amounts
of various fractions of non-hazard waste.
Identified were the following materials and components that are an integral
part of the lines and that could occur as waste in the life of the lines: a) the cable
is made of aluminum, copper polyethylene, b) the elevated line wires made of
aluminum and iron c) porcelain insulators, d) cable ends made of composite
materials – fiberglass filled with silicone oil and metal parts, e) double circuit steel
lattice tower hot-dip galvanized profiles and steel bolts, f) based reinforced
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concrete foundation coat for concreting and other materials packaging made from
wood and paper.
During construction
In the phase of construction, waste will be reported as a result of
excavation, covering, concreting, and tracing the paths leveling the soil and
others. Construction activities and the type of waste are to be shot, inert waste.
When setting up the columns on the ropes and lines, and possible occurrence of
other waste from the various constituents of the lines and they belong to the group
non-hazard waste. Employees who work on construction and Electric installation
works will create a temporary communal waste.
As a result of construction, materials handling possible occurrence of waste
from all the above ingredients, but exclusively in the building and cessation of
work on how to perform dismantling of the lines. Waste in the following list of
categories of waste (Official Gazette of RM no. 100/05 by its characteristic is non-
hazard waste:
Categorization in
accordance with the
Group / Type of Waste
national list of
wastes
12 01 05 particles and Cuts of plastic
12 01 13 Waste from welding
13 07 waste from fuel
15 01 packaging waste paper, plastic, metal, wood
17 01 waste concrete
17 02 Waste from wood, plastic and glass
17 04 waste metal
17 05 04 Waste from the excavation
17 06 04 Insulation materials
17 09 04 Other construction waste (mixed waste)
20 03 01 mixed waste
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4.1.9 IMPACT ON CULTURAL HERITAGE
When making the planning documentation of lower level, the exact position is
determined of the cultural heritage sites located in the wider area through which the
route passes. Тhe minimum distance from the nearest archeiological site has been
estimated on minimum 2km of the prpoposed route.
On the proposed route within the site which was chosen for building of the
transmission line, specifically the locations where the stakes will be erected and the
line of wires that will connect them, there are no archaeological areas and sites of
cultural heritage that would represent limiting factor in the process of planning and
designing the transmission line.
Operative phase
During the work, no impacts are expected on the archeological cultural
heritage.
Operative phase
During operation, security aspects in general can be divided into events caused
by human activities and natural disasters.
Human activities may cause injuries due to careless movement and handling of
machines and tools near the transmission line or by removing parts of the stakes by
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negligent people. The consequences of careless handling are already described in the
section of electromagnetic radiation. By dismantling parts of the stakes, their stability
is disturbed causing collapse as well as power failure. If, at that moment, there are
people or animals nearby, there is a possibility of injuries and death.
Natural hazards that can be expected in the operative phase of the work of the
transmission line are: earthquakes, floods, strong winds, thunderstorms, ice on the
conductors and fires.
The transmission line is located in the area of seismic activity VII0 degrees
Merkalli scale of the expected earthquakes, which means that earthquakes are
expected during its operation. As long as all technical normative are met, no collapses
of stakes are expected in case of earthquakes, it will only cease to work as a
protection method.
According to the configuration of the terrain, floods are possible only in the flatland
part of the route. In Pelagonija plain there is no danger of flood outbreak that would
undermine the foundations and distort the stability of the stakes, and height of the
water is low and cannot cause danger to the work of the transmission line.
Strong thunder winds in the past caused stakes to fall, but the building of the
modern stakes is more stable, thus such problems are not expected. Under the
regulations, transmission lines must have a protective lightening rope, and each stake
must be properly grounded. In this way, the transmission line is protected from
damaging in case of lightening.
In winter months, during heavy rain, low temperatures and appearance of cold
winds, there is a possibility of conductor frosting. The technical normative defines the
forces that the conductors can handle, but in rare cases, the ice weight may exceed
the endurance of the system, which may cause the conductors to break. As soon as the
conductor falls on the ground, its protection reacts and it shuts down, and the repair is
done by replacing the damaged conductors.
The natural hazards analyzed so far, practically cannot have an impact and
cause damage to underground cable.
Occurrences are possible on the route of the transmission line due to possible
actions of the people, and very rarely due to natural phenomena (lightning strike, self-
ignition etc.). Damages to the transmission line that can be caused by fires are often
negligible, but sometimes the lowest points of the conductors may be on fire, which
may cause interruption of the conductor. The fire can cause damage to the cable line
only if it appears on the outlet of the cable from the ground. In this case, there is
damage to the isolation of the cable and that part of the cable should be replaced.
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission
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Because the that, the methodology of assessment of the impact of the project
on the environment includes analysis of current situation with all the elements that
characterize the area where the project will be conducted, and it is a base line for
determining the cumulative effects. At the same time, projects flowing parallel to the
proposed are analyzed and future plans of the same or other investors in the same area
are taken into consideration.
Analyzing all direct and indirect negative impacts that occur during building,
ongoing operation and / or cessation and dismantling of the transmission line in the
perspective of the current situation with all media of the environment in the area of
the project, the expert team has recognized the following observations:
a) The transmission line does not generate significant direct emissions in air,
water or soil during its work and no occurrence of cumulative pollution of these media
in the area of the project
b) The main cumulative effect can be identified in terms of physical presence of
transmission line in relation to the existing infrastructure of roads and the existing 150
kV transmission line Greek border - Bitola 1 (not under voltage) and other energy and
communication structures.
c) a positive cumulative effect occurs as a result of reduced energy loss
(reduced heat emission) in the electro energetic system in Macedonia
d) Positive cumulative effects are expected in the socio - economic development
of the municipality of Bitola through the development of small and medium
enterprises, which will participate in providing services during building of transmission
line and regular controls of the same, by a continuous supply of energy and providing
the opportunity for new employment of young people
e) In the area of the project there are no other industrial facilities which
impacts could establish interaction and cause cumulative effect.
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The purpose of setting and operating of the transmission line is to improve the
energy balance and available energy in the Municipality of Bitola, as well as to provide
uninterrupted power supply to consumers connected to the S/S Bitola 3 and S/S Bitola
4 by shortest possible routes with the smallest losses in the transmission system.
The ring which is formed around Bitola, in which all four 110 kV high voltage
stations will be connected will also improve the reliability of electricity supply as well
as consumers’ trust who are supplied by the other two high voltage stations.
Long-term positive impacts are expected on the development of small and
medium enterprises because of uninterrupted supply of electricity and reduced costs
for occasional interruptions that have happened so far. Indirect positive impacts will
be felt in the development of local economy, regular payment of taxes and sustainable
development of the municipality of Bitola.
The project will positively affect the long-term supply of energy for all services
provided in hospitals, schools, public institutions and thus enhance social welfare for
the population and its wellbeing.
The potential short-term impacts of the transmission line are seen in the
employment opportunities of local people and any small changes in the social structure
of the area and provision of services to small and medium enterprises in all phases of
the project.
During building
Increasing employment opportunities are expected through direct involvement
of the local workforce during the building phase. The influx of construction workers
will increase the need for services such as accommodation facilities (hotels and
motels), food supply and procurement (restaurants, shops, etc.), repair services (fuel,
maintenance of vehicles), involvement of local companies for specific segments of the
work or the purchase of equipment and services (maintenance of equipment,
procurement of building and other goods / materials, etc.).
Operative phase
For purposes of transmission, line in the phase of operation regular checks and
periodic maintenance of its constitutive elements will be required. Consequently, if
the existing staff is not sufficient for the above duties and responsibilities there is a
possibility of new employments for a number of people who would maintain the
transmission line and control its operation.
Termination of work
Termination of work of the transmission line will adversely affect the local
economy because deficiencies and frequent interruptions in energy supply will occur in
the real sector and negative consequences will indirectly occur on the development of
local economy.
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parcels on which building work will be performed and / or associated machinery will be
set as the current purpose of this land.
In all cases it is necessary to initiate proceedings for the expropriation of the
land by the investor against the expropriation law (Official Gazette of RM no. 33/95,
20/98, 40/99, 31/2003, 46/2005 and amendments of 2008) that regulates the
expropriation of property and rights deriving from the amount of land, buildings and
other real estate for the building of buildings and execution of works of public interest
which includes building of a transmission line. AD MEPSO so far has experience with
different models of the expropriation of land and they will be considered and offered
to landowners for building of the planned transmission line:
a) Full expropriation when with the expropriation ceases the right of ownership
and other rights on real estate arising from it.
b) Incomplete expropriation when with the expropriation, the right of ownership
may be restricted by establishing the right of formality (for setting the aboveground
line) or temporarily restricting the right of use (for temporary accommodation of
mechanization, access roads etc.) for the performance of preparatory work on the
land.
A fair compensation belongs to the current owner of the land that cannot be less
than the market value of the property and that together with the cost of the procedure
for expropriation shall be borne by the user of the expropriation for whose needs the
real estate is expropriated. In determining the market value of the expropriated land
that serves as agricultural, forestry and other production, the solvency and cadastral
class of land should be considered, climate and economic conditions and the suitability
of land for building and location of the site.
All the information are needed about cadastral parcels of land and ownership,
land use and the willingness of owners to negotiate with the investor, as a detailed
analysis about the procedure for expropriation could be made. The expert team
recommends an open discussion, the maximum respect for the view of the current
owners and their arguments and needs as well as inevitable maximum transparency in
the process of expropriation.
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4.2 I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T
After the conducted evaluation of the impacts of the project in all four phases
of the transmission line’s duration (the building phase, operative phase, in the event of
crashes and the termination of operation of transmission line) elements with general
assessments of the impacts were identified and they are given in Table 14b. For the
elements of the environment that are prone to negative impact with general
assessment A (-) and B (-) measures have been developed to mitigate / compensate the
effect provided in the Measure plan (Table 15) and Monitoring Plan (Table 16).
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Table 14b: General assessment of the impacts on the elements of the environment
Table 15: Project: Building of double-circuit transmission line 2X110 kV SS Bitola 3 - SS Bitola 4
Assessment of the impact of building and operation of the transmission line on different elements of the environment
Range/location of impact
Probability of occurance
Probability of occurance
Elements of the environment
Positive (+)/negative(-)
Positive(+)/negative(-)
Reversible/irrevesible
Reversible/irrevesible
Duration of impact
Duration of impact
Type of impact
Type of impact
/insignificant)
/insignificant)
Importance
Importance
occurance
occurance
Intensity
Intensity
Physical/natural environment
Topography and geology direct (-) medium surface immediate long-term irreversible certain local C (-)
Underground water indirect (-) low volume with delay short-term reversible possible local Insignificant
Hydrological conditions
Flora direct (-) high surface immediate long-term reversible certain local А (-) direct (-) high surface immediate long-term reversible certain local А(-)
Fauna direct (-) high surface immediate long-term reversible certain local А (-) direct (-) high surface immediate long-term reversible certain local А (-)
Protected species direct (-) high surface immediate long-term reversible certain national А (-) direct (-) high surface immediate long-term reversible certain national А(-)
Protected area
Meteorology
Area and visual aspects direct (-) high volume immediate short-term reversible certain national А (-) direct (-) high volume immediate long-term reversible certain national B (-)
Climate and climate changes direct (-) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain global B (-)
Exploitation of natural resources direct (-) low volume immediate short-term irreversible certain regional B (-)
Human and environmental health
Air quality direct (-) medium volume immediate long-term irreversible certain national B (-)
Surface water quality direct (-) low volume immediate short-term irreversible impossible local Insignificant
Underground water quality indirect (-) low volume with delay short-term irreversible possible local Insignificant
Soil pollution indirect (-) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible possible local C (-)
Generating and maintaining different types of waste direct (-) high volume immediate long-term irreversible certain regional А (-)
Noise and vibrations direct (-) high dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain local А (-) direct (-) low dispersion immediate medium-term irreversible possible local C (-)
Electromagnetic radiation direct (-) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible impossible local Insignificant direct (-) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible impossible local C (-)
Odour
Social aspects
Land expropriation direct (-) medium surface immediate long-term irreversible certain local А(-)
Conversion of land use direct (-) low surface immediate short-term irreversible possible local Insignificant
Development of local economy indirect (+) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain local А (+) indirect (+) low dispersion immediate long-term irreversible possible local B (-)
Social infrastructure and services direct (+) high dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain regional А (+) direct (+) high dispersion immediate long-term irreversible certain regional А(+)
Socially vulnerable groups direct (+) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain local B (-) direct (+) high dispersion immediate long-term irreversible certain local А(+)
New employments direct (+) medium dispersion immediate short-term irreversible possible local B (-)
Electricity supply for the population direct (+) high dispersion immediate long-term irreversible certain regional А(+)
Continuous electricity supply for MSP/ hospitals/schools direct (+) high dispersion immediate long-term irreversible certain regional А(+)
Protection of cultural and natural heritage direct (-) low surface immediate short-term irreversible impossible regional C (-)
MSP development direct (+) high dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain local B (-) direct (+) high dispersion immediate long-term irreversible possible local А(+)
Agricultural development
Demography
Disease occurance
Legend
Type of impact: direct/indirect/cumulative
Intensity of impact: high/medium/low
Range of impact: surface/volume/dispersion
Time of occurance: immediately/with delay
Duration of impact: Short-term/medium-term/long-term
Reversibility of the impact: reverse/inverse
Probability of occurance: certain/possible/impossible
Importance: local/regional/national/across border/global
Impact assessment: A Great impact, B-Medium impact, C- Small impact , Insignificant impact
Damage Termination of operation
Range/location of impact
Probability of occurance
Probability of occurance
Positive (+)/negative(-)
Positive (+)/negative(-)
Reversible/irrevesible
Reversible/irrevesible
Duration of impact
Duration of impact
Type of impact
Type of impact
/insignificant)
/insignificant)
Importance
Importance
occurance
occurance
Intensity
Intensity
direct (-) medium surface immediate long-term irreversible certain local C (-) direct (-) medium surface immdiate long-term irreversible certain local C (-)
indirect (-) low volume with delay short-term reversible possible local Insignificant indirect (-) low volume with delay short-term reversible possible local Insignificant
direct (-) high surface immediate long-term reversible certain local А (-) direct (+) high surface immdiate long-term irreversible impossible local А(+)
direct (-) high surface immediate long-term reversible certain local А (-) direct (+) high surface with delay long-term irreversible impossible local А(+)
direct (-) high surface immediate long-term reversible certain national А (-) direct (+) high surface immdiate long-term irreversible impossible national А(+)
direct (+) high volume immediate short-term reversible certain national А (+) direct (+) high volume immdiate short-term reversible certain national А (+)
direct (-) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain global B (-) direct (-) low dispersion immdiate short-term irreversible certain global B (-)
direct (-) low volume immediate short-term irreversible certain regional B (-) direct (-) low volume immdiate short-term irreversible certain regional B (-)
direct (-) medium volume immediate long-term irreversible certain national B (-) direct (-) medium volume immdiate long-term irreversible certain national B (-)
direct (-) low volume immediate short-term irreversible impossible local Insignificant direct (-) low volume immdiate short-term irreversible impossible local Insignificant
indirect (-) low volume with delay short-term irreversible possible local Insignificant indirect (-) low volume with delay short-term irreversible possible local Insignificant
indirect (-) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible possible local C (-) indirect (-) low dispersion immdiate short-term irreversible possible local C (-)
direct (-) high volume immediate long-term irreversible certain regional А (-) direct (-) high volume immdiate long-term irreversible certain regional А (-)
direct (-) high dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain local А (-) direct (-) high dispersion immdiate short-term irreversible certain local А (-)
direct (+) low surface immediate short-term irreversible possible local C (-) direct (+) low surface immdiate short-term irreversible possible local C (-)
indirect (+) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain local B (-) индиректн (+) low dispersion immdiate short-term irreversible certain local B (-)
direct (-) high dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain regional А(+) direct (-) high dispersion immdiate short-term irreversible certain regional А(+)
direct (+) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain local А(+) direct (+) low dispersion immdiate short-term irreversible certain local А(+)
direct (+) low dispersion immediate short-term irreversible possible local Insignificant direct (+) low dispersion immdiate short-term irreversible possible local Insignificant
direct (-) high dispersion immediate long-term irreversible possible local А(-) direct (-) high dispersion immdiate long-term irreversible possible local А(-)
direct (-) high dispersion immediate long-term irreversible possible local А(-) direct (-) high dispersion immdiate long-term irreversible possible local А(-)
direct (-) high dispersion immediate short-term irreversible certain local А(+) direct (-) high dispersion immdiate short-term irreversible certain local А(+)
direct (+) low dispersion immediate long-term irreversible possible local B (-) direct (+) low dispersion immdiate long-term irreversible possible local B (-)
Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
5.1 M E A S U R E S T O M I T I G A T E T H E I M P A C T O F T H E P R O J E C T O N T H E E NV I R O N M E N T
Table 16: Measures to mitigate the impacts of the project on the environment
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Cost of Authorized Date of
Element of Impact Measures to mitigate the impact measure body / start /
environment assessment (EUR) institution finish of
the
measures
Flora А (-) ‐ Effective cleaning of building route, Insignificant Investor / According
occasional water- spraying of the plants (measures are contractor of to the
exposed to dust; of good building dynamics
‐ To implement all appropriate measures during building works of
building work to minimize negative impact on practice type) execution
natural habitats of living organisms; of work
‐ To use existing access roads;
‐ To minimize cutting of vegetation, especially
high trees;
‐ Careful choice of location for building
material, storage / management of building
dump;
‐ Protect the area and cover it with vegetation;
‐ Secured distance between the wires and the
soil in order to minimize the risk of fires.
‐ Avoidance of loud sound signals from vehicles
and building machines in areas where there
are habitats of
specific species;
‐ Careful choice of location for building
material, storage /
delay of building dump i.e., choice of location
that has minimal influence on natural habitats
‐ On the area of arable land, building works to
be performed after yield
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
Fauna A (-) ‐ Most adequate methods of building to be used Insignificant Investor / According
in order to reduce anxiety among living (measures are contractor of to the
organisms, especially in birds and amphibians; of good building dynamics
‐ Scheduling of building activities in order to building works of
avoid breeding seasons of living organisms; practice type) execution
of work
‐ To use existing access roads;
‐ Avoidance of loud sound signals from vehicles
and building machinery in areas where there
are habitats of particular species;
‐ Careful choice of location for building material
storage / management of building dump;
‐ Monitoring bird species, their populations and
migratory routes of birds to track changes and
to take appropriate measures;
‐ Apply appropriate placement of electrical
stakes in order to avoid potential mortality of
birds;
‐ A solution to reduce mortality of birds in the
phase of building is to stop the building
activities during the breeding season or
migration which is a relatively short period;
‐ To provide a distance between the wires and
the soil in order to minimize the risk of fires.
‐ The executor should not allow workers to
catch animals, to destroy habitats, collect
turtle eggs, birds, etc.
‐ The phase of building should not be carried
out in the evening and at night, because it
requires artificial light that would disturb the
animals, especially those that are active at
night;
‐ Temporary access road to the site must be
determined in consultation with a faun
specialist, in order to avoid destruction of
habitats.
Visual appearance A (-) The main measure to mitigate the cumulative Insignificant Investor / According
of the area effect of visual distortion of the area is the (measures are Designer / to the
use of customary practice that requires of good contractor of dynamics
monitoring of the route of the transmission engineering building of
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
line and communication lines of the route of practice type) works / execution
the roads using the rules of Holford: in large part Authorized of work
‐ If possible, to avoid areas with the highest carried out by firm for
visual and landscape value in planning the defining the collection of
route of the lines even though it may route waste
increase the length of it
‐ Avoid placing more stakes on short
distances in space with high landscape
value
‐ To use direct lines with less alterations to
the route and use a small number of stakes
‐ Minimize the surface of the building site to
minimize impacts on area / careful
planning and designing of work
‐ Carefully cleaning the building site after
setting the stake
‐ Quick removal of building dump in a
landfill site for inert waste
Land erosion B (-) ‐ Careful planning of building works to Insignificant Investor / According
reduce the negative effects and ensure (measures are contractor of to the
prevention of soil pollution of good building dynamics
‐ Reduction of the size of the site as much building works of
as possible in order to minimize land which practice type) execution
suffers negative impact of work
‐ Limit the movements of vehicles and use
machinery that has less pressure on land
‐ Preventing loss of vegetation along the
path of the route of transmission line
‐ Prohibit the flow of building activities in
conditions of heavy rain
‐ Implementation of preventive measures
for landslides / stabilize the slope 10 000 EUR
(retaining walls) if necessary
‐ Planting / rehabilitation of vegetation to
reduce the spread of exhaust gases,
particles, dust
‐ Rehabilitation of eroded channels to their
natural state / re-planting of vegetation
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transmission line
- Because the transmission line passes
through farmland, owners and users
should be informed about hazards
and safety measures they should
undertake during the processing of
land, through leaflets, brochures etc.
- To maintain all other protection
measures given in the building
section
Noise В(-) ‐ Actions for regular controls to be 2 000 EUR Investor /
planned properly in order to reduce Contractor of
the time of use of equipment that building work
creates most intensive noise
DAMAGE
Flora А(-) ‐ Resumption of natural habitats Insignificant Investor / According to the
‐ Placing the wires at prescribed (measures Contractor of dynamics of execution
distance from the soil are of good building work of work
building
practice
type)
Fauna А(-) ‐ Resumption of natural habitats Insignificant Investor / According to the
‐ Placing the wires at prescribed (measures Contractor of dynamics of execution
distance from the soil are of good building work of work
building
practice
type)
Waste А(-) ‐ It is necessary to establish a waste 5 000 EUR Investor / According to the
generation and management plan that will be contractor of dynamics of execution
generated at building site the building of work
management works / JP
‐ The plan should include the
principles of waste management Komunalec
(minimizing waste generation, Bitola/
selection of the place of generation, private
recycling - firms that deal with companies
recyclable waste, reuse, etc.). authorized for
the collection
‐ The waste selection should be made
10 000 EUR and
on spot
transportation
‐ Establish contact with the authorized of certain
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dust
‐ Rehabilitation of eroded channels
and their restoration to natural state
/ re-planting of vegetation
- Clearing of the site of intervention
after completing the regular control
Waste А(-) ‐ It is necessary to establish a waste 5 000 EUR Investor / According to the
generation and management plan that will be contractor of dynamics of execution
generated at building site the building of work
management works / JP
‐ The plan should include the
principles of waste management Komunalec
(minimizing waste generation, Bitola/
selection of the place of generation, private
recycling - firms that deal with companies
recyclable waste, reuse, etc.) authorized for
the collection
‐ The waste selection should be made
10 000 EUR and
on spot
transportation
‐ Establish contact with the authorized of certain
collectors, transporters of different waste
waste fractions and its final disposal fractions
‐ Generated waste should be stored at
specific locations marked according
to the type of waste (dangerous / not
dangerous / inert) until the time of
collection, transport and final Measures for
disposal good
‐ Waste / material which is taken from building
the building site should be covered practice and
to prevent dispersion on the road waste
‐ Building activities end after removing management
all the waste (waste must not be left
on building site)
‐ Waste incineration on building site is
forbidden
‐ Generated waste, if possible, should
again be used as building material
‐ Building dump should be removed at
landfill site for inert waste
‐ It is not allowed to overload the
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5.2 G E N E R A L MEASURES
General measures that need to be taken by the investor, the draughtsman and
the contractors may be reduced to:
‐ During the whole duration of the carrying out of the project, the aspects of the
environment should be considered
‐ To use the best techniques available during the carrying out of the project
‐ Activities should take place according to the current national and international
precepts, recommendations and standards
‐ All contractors should follow the best practices for minimization of the noise, the
emissions of the vehicles and the equipment used
‐ To maintain the field and the driveways as clean as possible
‐ The supervisors of the work that is being done should take care of the preciseness of
the work doing, at the same time bearing in mind the aspects of the environment
‐ The recommendations for protection at the construction site and for the safety of
the workers should be followed in order to minimize the risks of being injured
‐ Instructions for protection should be followed during the installation of the
electricity and the poles
‐ If during the digging archeological artifacts are found, the work should be stopped
and special teams should be called
‐ The demands in the Engineering report - the geological prospectus should be
followed
‐ The recommendations from the reports for intersection with objects and the
railroad should be followed
‐ The recommendations from the report for fire protection should be followed
The instructions for the building of the connecting line must be followed.
5.3 S P E C I F I C MEASURES
The specific measures for the environmental elements which are liable to the
greatest negative influence during all of the project’s phases are given in Table 16 in
which are given:
‐ The element of the environment for which are suggested measures for reduction of
the influences
‐ The evaluation of the influence
‐ Measures suggested in order to avoid, reduce or compensate the influence in all
phases
‐ The assumed price of the measures
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6 MONITORING PLAN
The aim of the monitoring plan is to evaluate the carrying out of the measures
suggested for the reduction of the negative influences of the transmission line on the
different elements of the environment. The most important elements that need to be
followed during the construction, the working, the termination of the work and also in
the case of damage, are:
‐ The flora
‐ The fauna
‐ The visual appearance of the area
‐ The erosion of the land
‐ The quality of the air
‐ The creation and the management of the waste
‐ The electromagnetic radiation
‐ The historical and archeological inheritance
‐ The noise
In Table 17 are shown the parameters that will be monitored, the place from
where they will be monitored, the way in which they will be monitored, as well as the
frequency of the monitoring. Also important things are the cost of the monitoring, the
institution in charge and the date of the beginning/end of the monitoring.
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needed
Noise Level of noise In Bitola’s Instruments During 1000€ The contractor/ the During the
urban part for measuring activities company in charge process of
and the the noise with noise for measuring the building
constructio producing noise
n site equipment
Noise from the from the Review of the Before the Good The contractor During the
vehicles and declaration documentatio beginning of building process of
the equipment of the n the field practice building
used equipment/ work (in the
vehicles beginning )
Quality of the air The amount of On the Visual When 1000€ The contractor/ the During the
dust at the accessible observation needed company in charge process of
construction roads and (usually for the measuring building
site in 500m Measuring of during dry of the quality of the
radius the summer/ air
around the concentration spring)
foundations of the
particles
The creation and The quantity of On the Visually There should Good The contractor/ During the
management of waste constructio For the waste be every day building company in charge process of
the waste Types of waste n site that is not records practice for the collecting, building
fractions known about the transport and the
(dangerous/ whether it is type/ final removal of the
non dangerous/ dangerous or quantity and waste
communal/ not an the way in
inert) institution which the
should be final removal
consulted of the
different
fractions of
waste is
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done
Electromagnetic - while using At the Visual control Daily Insignificant The contractor According to
radiations tools and constructio the dynamic
machines which n site of the work
emit done
electromagneti At the Visual control Daily Insignificant The contractor During the
c radiation, the constructio placing of
recommended n site the
safety conductors
equipment
should be used
-in order to The contractor/
avoid injuries At the Visual control After the Insignificant supervisor/
because of the constructio and control placing of draughtsman
lightning during n site measuring the ropes
installation of between 2 After the
the ropes they stretching placing of
should be transmission the
grounded in lines conductors
every
stretching field
-the rules for
minimal heights At the Insignificant The owner of the
of the constructio During object/ the
conductors n site Visual control intersection contractor/
according the and control with an supervisor/
current laws measuring object draughtsman
should be
followed in At the Insignificant The contractor/ an
order to avoid constructio independent body
the effects of n site During the During the
the electric, Visual control making of process of
electromagneti and control the working
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
transmission During
lines should be digging out
constructed in and laying of
such a way that the cable
their
dismantling will
be made
impossible
-the conductors
of the
underground
cable should
have a
triangular
construction
-the rules for
the minimal
depth of the
cables should
be followed
-the minimal
space among
the other
cables (for
energy supply
and
communication
)should be
respected
Historical and The presence of Along the Visual Every day Good The contractor/ the During the
archeological archeological line during work building institutions process of
inheritance artifacts practice responsible for the building
The presence of cultural and
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
the phase of
rebuilding
The creation and The quantity of In places Visually There should Good The contractor/ In case
management of waste where For the waste be every day building companies in when
the waste Types of waste there is that is not records practice charge for the damage
fractions damage known about the collection, appears
(dangerous/ whether it is type/ transport and
non dangerous/ dangerous or quantity and removal of the
communal/ not an the way in waste
inert) institution which the
should be final removal
consulted of the
different
fractions of
waste is
done
Electromagnetic -shutting down In the Reaction of During Insignificant The operator in the From the
radiation the transformer the damage steam power plant, beginning
transmission protection After incase the till the end
line Along the damage protection isn’t of the
-after line Depending activated damage
elimination of Visual on the The owner/ an
the possible control/ damages independent body
danger (fire, measurement After the
rebuilding of s damage till
the the
transmission reactivation
lines etc.)
replacement of
the parts that
were destroyed
by the damage
according to
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
the project
documentation
and the current
legal precepts
Fires -for putting off Along the Informational During the Insignificant The owner/ the fire Until the
the fire should line / visual check fire brigade fire is over
be used means
that are
conductors of The owner/ the fire
electricity Report During the Insignificant brigade During the
-for all Fire brigade work on the work on the
potential transmission transmission
dangers of fire Information line The owner/the fire line
as a cause of Transforme Insignificant brigade/ the
the r/ along During a fire settlers
transmission the line Visual During the
line, the local Along the control/ The owner/ an danger
fire brigade line measurement independent body
should be Insignificant
informed After the fire After the
-if the fire threat is
becomes a removed
threat for the
transmission
line, the
transmission
line should be
turned off
-after the fire
near the
transmission
line is put off,
the needed
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
reparations
should be done
and all the
broken parts
should be
replaced before
the
transmission
line starts
working again
Providing -activation of Transforme Information During the Insignificant The owner During the
electricity for the flow of r for the shutting off shutting off
the inhabitants energy in the transmission of the of the
and the transformer line and the transmission transmission
community from the maintenance line line
alternative activities
transmission
lines
TERMINATION OF THE WORK
Noise Level of noise
In the Noise During the 1000 € The contractor/ the During
urban part measurement usage of company in charge disassemblin
of Bitola instrument noise for measuring the g
(the place creating noise
for the equipment
undergroun
d cable)
and the
constructio
n site
Quality of the air The noise from From the Review of the Before the Good The contractor During
the vehicles declaration documentatio beginning of building disassemblin
and the of the n the work on practice g
equipment used equipment/ field (at the
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Environment Impact Assesment Study – Construction of double circuit 110kv overhead transmission line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
vehicles beginning of
the
disassemblin
g)
Erosion of the Loss of Along the Visual During the Good The contractor During
land vegetation line during observation digging for building disassemblin
disassembli the practice g
ng foundation of The contractor
Visual the
Creation of Along the observation transmission During
rockslides side during lines disassemblin
disassembli During the g
ng Taking hydro- digging for 5000 €
geological the
measurement foundation of
s the
transmission
lines
When
necessary
Создавање на По должина Визуелна При копање на Изведувачот За време на
одрони и на трасата опсервација темелите за демонтирање
свлечишта при столбовите
демонтирање Спроведување
на хидро- По потреба 5 000 ЕУР
геолошки
мерења
Creation and The quantity of At the Visually There should Good The contractor/ the During
management of waste constructio For the waste be every day building company in charge disassemblin
the waste Types of waste n site that is not records practice for the collection, g
fractions known about the transport and
(dangerous/ whether it is type/ removal of the
non dangerous/ dangerous or quantity and waste
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The team of experts had a lot of documents, previously finished reports and
information about this project (given in the reference part) which enabled a complete
and detailed analysis of the influences of this project on the elements of the
environment.
The team of experts initiated several meetings with the people in charge at MEPSO
where there were conversations about particular subjects important for this project,
and the TIMEL Company as the main initiator of the Basic project visited several areas
in which the transmission line will be placed (conversations with the employees in S/S
Bitola 4).
The team of experts saw 2 situations which will initiate the need of additional
information:
1. During the making of this study it is very likely to come across some flaws in the
description of the living things at the specific location.
The field research was done during winter when the vegetation is poor; the
animals are not active enough or easily noticeable, and there are no migrant birds,
which are especially threatened by the building of the transmission line line. That is
why the possibility of finding another type of flora and fauna protected with law during
the monitoring, besides the ones noticed in the field by the team of experts and given
in the existing documents, still exists. According to the received results from the
monitoring process, appropriate measures will be taken considering the world
experiences.
2. During the preparation of this study, the team of experts had no information
about the owner of the land at the location where the transmission line lines were
supposed to be, the places used for the additional mechanization and/or the locations
where the line of the pylon was supposed to pass. Besides the information about the
ownership of the parcels, the information about their size were also unknown, their
current purpose, whether there is building land, the class of the land and other
elements which are of essential meaning about the beginning of the process of
expropriation of the land for the building of an object of public interest just as the
planned transmission line is. All these information will be examined in details in the
Report for expropriation which will be given by the investor as soon as the basic
project is finished according to the legal demands.
Based on the report of expropriation the investor will prepare an expropriation
plan which should include all the relevant information, data and real estate bases so
that there could be a dialog with the owners of the land planned for the expropriation.
Regular meetings with the local authorities and the owners of the land will enable
easier and more transparent process of expropriation and a finer sell price for the
land.
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MEPSO, as a company worried about the environment and the improvement of the
socio-economic life of the people in Macedonia will convey these measures for
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line from S/S Bitola 3 to S/S Bitola 4
alleviation of the negative influences of this project on the environment and will
follow their application taking into consideration the Plan and dynamics for
monitoring. The measures will be conveyed at the earliest possible phase, the phase
during which they can give maximum results.
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a) Visual aspects,
b) Biological diversity,
c) Cumulative influences and
d) The socio-economic aspects.
The aim of the study is to identify, predict, estimate and alleviate the negative
biophysical, social, health and other effects of the project for the building of the
double circuit transmission line 2 x 110 kV S/S Bitola 3 - S/S Bitola 4 on the different
elements of the environment for the investor before reaching the final decision for the
realization of the project.
The investor (MEPSO) chose the second line as more practicable in reality.
According to all the given criteria, this line presents an optimal solution. The line that
had been previously defined, during the construction was adjusted to the field
conditions, the blocks of flats were avoided. The first 400m at the exit of S/S Bitola 4
are done with underground cables along the current dike of the river Stara, and as it
continuous care was taken not to cross settlements. Near the line there are neither
cultural inheritances nor archaeological excavations. In the hilly part the line goes
through land from category IV or even higher with short plants, and the pylons for
angular tightening are located near the current roads. The need of accessible roads is
minimal. In the part from the village Kravari to the final point, at the distance of about
35m, with no intersections, the already existing 150kV transmission line is followed.
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The surface line with the length of about 12 km will be made with a classic
surface duct with 40 pylons, the first of which is intended as a connection between the
underground and surface line and this one should be the first of this kind in Macedonia.
The height of the pylons is different and depends on the configuration of the field and
the intersections with the objects and it is from 12 to 28 m, with height of the top
from 24 to 40m. The smallest distance between the conductors and the land is 7.5m,
which is higher than the demands of the current precepts and the needs of the
investor. The average distance between the pylons is about 300m.
The construction of the transmission line will be done according to a made
Project and according to the current precepts, norms and MKS standards. The
materials used, according to the regulations set in the Project, will match the
standards and the recommended quality and for each attestations will be given. During
the building of the transmission line supervision will be provided by the investor and
occasionally by the draughtsman.
The working age of the transmission line is estimated to more than 50 years.
During its active working period the transmission line doesn’t need special engagement
except maintenance.
When it no longer functions, the process of disassembling of the equipment is
the opposite of the assembling process, so the conductors are removed first together
with the equipment, then the pylons are dismantled, and in the end the foundations
are removed and there is cleansing of the field.
Geological characteristics. The field along the transmission line from S/S Bitola
3 to S/S Bitola 4 and the surrounding area consist of rocky masses with different
geological age, genesis and different geotechnical characteristics.
From tectonic point of view, greater part of the area belongs to the massive
geotectonic unit - West Macedonian zone. The location of the line from
geomorphologic point of view is characterized by steep slopes, which are a result of
the tectonic and erosion processes, and in the hilly areas noticeable is the presence of
ravines where there is contact between the different elements, i.e. the contact
between the diluvium and the glacial-fluvial sediments as well as the granite.
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east and along the eastern edge of Baba mountain to the Macedonian - Greek border.
The most eminent structure in this area is the Pelister holocene consisting of quartzite,
quartz slates, granite, granodiorites, green slates, gabbros and diabase. It has an
asymmetric form with more expressed east wing. According to the permanent map of
the seismic areas with 1:500 000 ratio this area belongs to the zone with I = VII° MCS
intensity.
Hydrography and quality of the surface water. At the wanted location for the
underground cable and the OHTL on the surface there are several water currents on
the rivers Stara, Smilevska, Kindirka and Siva Voda which together with the other rivers
from the municipality of Bitola belong to the river basin of the river Crna. The rest of
the ravines in this area are dry or with very small temporal water flow.
The transmission line on the surface intersects with the rivers Smilevska and
Kindirka near the village Bukovo and with the river Siva Voda near the sugar plant.
The line of the planned OHTL intersects with the main supply cannel and with a
part of the network of pipes.
Quality of the air. The municipality of Bitola and the location of the
transmission line belong to the Pelagonia statistic region. Data shows that 75% of the
complete emission of SO2 from the industrial capacities on Macedonian soil and 54% of
the emissions of NOx are in the Pelagonija region as a result of the working of REK
Bitola and the other business subjects in the area. Additionally, the emissions from
mobile sources, the garbage dumps, the burning of waste in the open are contributing
for the quality of the air in the project area.
Noise. The most frequent causers of noise are all the kinds of means of
transport, the equipment and the machines used at the industrial capacities and the
agro machines. The place for measuring is next to S/S Bitola 4 where the digging for
the underground cable will be made, and the surface cable goes through the area
which is out of the network of measuring stations. The transmission line goes through
an area with II degree of noise protection because it is a settled area and an area with
IV degree of noise protection out of the settlement, areas where actions in the area
and transport activities are allowed.
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the stadium of degradation because of the influence of an anthropogenic factor.
Furthermore, the transmission line continues as a surface object and its influence
dramatically changes because it is no longer in the urban zone of Bitola where the
biodiversity is very poor, and it covers a completely different field. From here till the
joining with S/S Bitola 3 the conditions of the flora and fauna are very similar along
the whole line.
The location planned for the building of the transmission line, according to the
qualification of the ecosystems by the Study of the condition of the biological diversity
in the Republic of Macedonia, is classified as a combination of hilly pastures, scattered
forest ecosystem known as an oak region, weedy communities, communities of
trampled spots, bushy communities, communities of industrial, forage and wheat, as
well as permanent plantations in the lowlands of the transmission line.
Based on the field monitoring and the research as well as the usage of the
relevant documentation a conclusion has been reached that this region has rich fauna.
Because of the character of the influence of this object the birds are of great
importance and they will be the most threatened group when it comes to the work on
the transmission line. On the location no mammals were noticed. There is a possibility
for the presence of a wolf (Canus Lupus) seen by local people in the past, at the wider
area of the location.
Very significant about this project is that near the area suggested for the building
of the 2x110kV double circuit transmission line S/S Bitola 3 - S/S Bitola 4 the
municipality of Bitola has no evidence of natural inheritance.
Near the corridor is the national park Pelister, but it is important to mention that
the line of the planned corridor is in the opposite direction of the park so the influence
of the object on the biodiversity of the national park is insignificant or not present at
all.
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On the archaeological map of Macedonia stand the following excavation sites: the
old Christian basilica St. Troica - Heraclea; Heraclea - Heraclea Lynkestis; settlement
from the bronze perion, Tumba in the village Poeševo; the monastery Bukovo;
settlement from the roman era, Kutlište; mediaeval settlement Neoljani, near the
place Twelve Springs; Crkvište, mediaeval church and necropolis.
Tourism. The transmission line belongs to the Pelagonija region containing eight
tourist zones and 25 tourist regions. The realization of the planned 2 x 110 kV double
circuit transmission line S/S Bitola 3 - S/S Bitola 4 will mean certain improvement of
the conditions for development of the tourism. According to the basic long-term aims,
the concept and the criteria for the development and the organization of the tourism,
it is recommended that during the future organization of the economic activities the
criteria for the protection of the environment and the economic development should
be respected.
Noise. A source of the noise are the movements of the trucks, the cranes and
the other types of building mechanization and equipment, and also the handling with
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the building materials during the building of the transmission line. The appearance of
noise during this phase is inevitable, but the good thing is that this phase lasts only for
a short period and the equipment usually used is not so intensely noisy.
In the phase of activation of the transmission line there are usually two types of
noise - noise caused by the cables and the pylons and the noise caused by the activities
during supervision and maintenance.
During the working of the transmission line in specific meteorological conditions
and depending on the voltage, there is an appearance of the so-called Corona effect.
This effect is characterized by buzzing and crackling which create noise during fog,
rain and unclear air.
Influence on the quality of the water. During the digging activities for the
placement of the underground cable near the river Stara it can come to short term
pollution of the water by earth, solid particles which will cause blurring of the water,
leakage of oil or fuel from the vehicles and the used equipment or by parts of the
waste created.
During the active process of the transmission line no negative influences on the
surface or underground waters are expected.
If it comes to disassembling of the transmission line all the activities planned
for the assembling will happen again and it could come to short term pollution of the
surface or underground waters or erosion can appear.
Generation of different types of waste. During its period of functioning the
transmission line will affect the creation of small amounts of harmless waste. During
the building phase waste will appear as a result of the digging, burying, cementing, the
marking of the roads, the leveling of the land and other building activities, and the
type of the waste is usually inert waste. During the installation of the pylons and the
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ropes of the transmission line creation of a new type of waste is possible. Waste from
the different constituent parts of the transmission line and they also belong to the
group of harmless waste.
During the active phase of the transmission line, the creation of waste is not
expected.
Influences on the cultural inheritances. Along the planned line on the location
chosen for the building of the transmission line, especially on the locations planned for
the pylons and along the wires connecting the pylons there are no archaeological areas
or excavations with cultural inheritance that would present a limiting factor in the
process of planning and constructing of the transmission line.
Safety measures. From the point of view of safety, during the building phase of
the transmission line, the main risks for the safety have to do with the activities of the
workers doing the building and the electro installation activities. During the building
phase it is possible to come across injured workers first of all because of careless work,
but it can also come to fire because of the use of equipment and tools that emit
sparks.
During the process of working safety measures can be caused by people’s
activities or by natural catastrophes.
Cumulative effects. The transmission line does not generate direct significant
emissions of air, water or soil during its working process and there is no cumulative
pollution of these in the area of the project.
The main cumulative effect can be identified in relation to the physical
presence of the transmission line in relation to the existing crucial objects.
Positive cumulative effect appears as a result of the decreased losses of energy
and in the socio-economic development of the municipality of Bitola through the
development of small and middle companies which will take part by offering their
services during the building of the transmission line and for its supervision.
Expropriation and use of the land. The project can have negative influence on
the quality of the land for further use along the line.
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10 APPENDEXES
The preparation of the Study for evaluation of the influence of the double
circuit transmission line 2 x 110 kV S/S Bitola 3 - S/S Bitola 4 is carried out and
organized by the consultant company EUROPARTNER GROUP, Skopje.
Authorized expert from the Ministry of environment and spatial planning and
signatory of this Study is:
Other members who took part in the preparation of the Study are:
- M.A. Zdravko Andonov, Bachelor of Science of electrical engineering
- M.A. Natalija Aceska, Bachelor of Science of biology
- Sašo Talevski, Bachelor of philosophy
The team of experts visited the locations and did recording of the direction of
the transmission line, from the exit point S/S Bitola 4, the region Gramatnica, the
village Lavci, the region Strčin, the village Bukovo, the settlement Bukovski livadi, the
village Kravari to the last point - the location planned for the joining with S/S Bitola 3.
The team of experts visited several companies relevant in the preparation of
the Study, among which:
- The stock company for transmission of electric energy and management
with the electro - energetic system MEPSO, the company that ordered this project,
when a meeting was held with
-Sašo Trajchevski,
with whom it was talked about the functioning and the work of S/S Bitola 4.
For the preparation of the Study all the information gained from these conversations
were taken into consideration and so were the taken documentation and the analyses
done and the researches made for the needs for the building of the line.
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‐ Decision for establishing in which cases and under what conditions is the peace
of the citizens disturbed by harmful noise (Macedonian official Gazete
No.64/93);
‐ Law for chemicals (Macedonian official Gazete No.113/07);
‐ Law for protection of the cultural inheritance (Macedonian official Gazete
No.20/04; changes 115/07);
‐ Law for the protection of the nature (Macedonian official Gazete
No.67/04;changes 14/06, 84/07);
‐ Law for the wellbeing of the animals (Macedonian official Gazete No. 113/07);
‐ Law for the wellbeing of the plants (Macedonian official Gazete No. 25/98;
06/00);
‐ Law for expropriation (Macedonian official Gazete No. 33/95, changes 20/98,
40/99, 31/03, 46/05 and 10/08).
‐ Regulations for the technical norms for the building of surface electro energetic
ducts with nominal voltage from 1kV to 400kV, (Yugoslav official register), No.
65/1988
‐ Regulations for the technical measures for propulsions and maintenance of the
electro-energetic installations (Yugoslav official register, number 19/1968)
‐ Convention for the protection of the swamps which are of international
importance as habitats of the water birds (Ramsar, 1971), ratified in 1977;
‐ Convention for the protection of the world cultural and natural inheritance
(Paris, 1972), ratified in 1974;
‐ Convention for the international trade with endangered species, wild flora and
fauna (Washington,1973), ratified in 1999;
‐ Convention for protection of the wild migration animals (Bonn, 1979), ratified in
1999;
‐ Convention for the protection of the wild world and the natural habitats in
Europe (Bern, 1979), ratified in 1997;
‐ Contract for the protection of bats in Europe (London, 1991), ratified in 1999
(Amendment of the Contract ratified in 2002);
‐ Contract for the protection of African-Asian migration birds (The Hague, 1995),
ratified in 1999;
‐ Basel convention about the control over the polluters with toxic waste across
the border and its disposal (Basel, 1995), ratified in 1997;
‐ Convention for the protection of the biodiversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), ratified
in 1998;
‐ Convention for the accessibility of information, participation of the public in the
decision making and the right to question about the environment (Arhus,
1998), ratified in 1999;
‐ Convention for evaluation of the influence from across the border on the
environment (Espo, 1991), ratified in 1999;
‐ European convention for landscape (Florence, 2000), ratified in 2003.
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‐ DIRECTIVE 2004/40/EC, on the minimum health and safety requirements
regarding the exposure of workers to the risks a rising from physical agents
(electromagnetic fields)
- 1999/519/EC, EU Council Recommendation, On the limitation of exposure of
the general public to electromagnetic fields (0Hz to 300GHz)
10.3 A P P E N D I X 3: R E F E R E N C E S
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‐ Habash, Riadh W. Y.Bioeffects and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic
energy, CRC Press, 2008
‐ Barnes F. S, Greenebaum B, Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic
fields -Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields, 3rd Edition,
Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2006
‐ Ачковски Р, Високонапонски мрежи и системи, ЕТФ, Скопје, 1995
‐ Ачковски Р. Надземни и каблески водови, ЕТФ, Скопје, 2004
‐ Вржовски Б, Хидросистем „Стрежево“ – Hydrosystem “Streževo”,
Монографија, Микена, Битола, 1998
‐ International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Guidelines for
limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields,
(up to 300 GHz), ICNIRP Guidelines, 1998
‐ International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, ICNIRP
statement on Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic
and electromagnetic fields (up to300 GHz), ICNIRP statement, 2009
‐ International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Guidelines on
limits of exposure to static magnetic fields, ICNIRP Guidelines, 2009
‐ WHO, WHO International EMF Project Rapporteur’s Report, Workshop on
Developing and Implementing Protective Measures for ELF EMF, Geneva,
Switzerland, 2007
‐ WHO, Electromagnetic fields and public health: Exposure to extremely low
frequency fields, Fact sheet No. 322, 2007
‐ WHO, Electromagnetic fields and public health: extremely low frequency (ELF),
Fact sheet No. 205, 1998
‐ Kandel S, Developing and Implementing Protective Measures for ELF EMF,
Workshop on Developing and Implementing Protective Measures for ELF EMF,
Geneva, Switzerland, 2007
‐ Грчев Л, Кацарска М, Петкоски С, Арнаутовски-Тошева В, Хармонизација на
стандардите и легислативата на Р. Македонија со стандардите на ЕУ за
изложеностна електромагнетни полиња, 6то Советување Мако Сигре, Охрид,
2009
‐ Грчев Л, Кацарска М, Петкоски С, Карајановски Љ, Арнаутовски-Тошева В,
Мерење на електрично и магнетно поле во урбани средини под влијание на
110 kV далекуводи и 110/35/10kV трафостаници, 6то Советување Мако Сигре,
Охрид, 2009
‐ Ололоска Л, Некои аспектри при одредувањето на влијанијата и ефектите од
изложеноста на човекот на elf електромагнетни полиња, 6то Советување
Мако Сигре, Охрид, 2009
‐ Чешелкоска В, Арапиноски Б, Електрично поле во околината на 110 kV
далекувод и неговото влијание врз биолошките системи, 6то Советување
Мако Сигре, Охрид, 2009
‐ Karabetsos E., Filippopoulos G., Koutounidis D. Govari CH., Skamnakis N., ELF
electric and magnetic fields measurements in Greece, EMF-NET seminar on The
Role of Dosimetry in High-Quality EMF Risk Assessment, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2006
‐ EirGrid, Information on electric and magnetic fields. Ireland, 2008
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CULTURAL INHERITANCE
The arrangement of the archaeological areas and the cultural-historical
monuments
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The cultural heritage in the vicinity of Bitola (the old architecture in the village Lavci, Monastery
Bukovo, Heraclea, Kale, Saint Bogorodica)
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10.5.1 PROCESS OF ENROLLING THE PUBLIC IN THE PROCESS OF EIA OF THE PROJECT,
ACCORDING TO LEGAL REGULATIONS
The national EIA procedure is the opportunity for active public participation
through the various stages of established legal procedure.
The main objectives of public participation are:
‐ To obtain local or regional information or data that could be useful in making
further decisions;
‐ To assist in thinking about alternatives and mitigation measures;
‐ To ensure that the main influences are not neglected, and maximum benefits are;
‐ To reduce conflict through early identification of “problematic" questions;
‐ To provide an opportunity to the public can influence the design of the project in a
positive way (creating a sense of ownership of the proposal - start);
‐ To improve the transparency of the entire EIA process and to increase public
confidence in the overall process
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in writing to the MoEPP. Another step where the public can express their opinion,
notification of intent to implement the project, but this is not very clearly defined in
national law and can be determined from case to case.
Legally prescribed period for providing comments, observations and opinions on
the published draft version of the study Assessment of the project on vlijenieto
zhovotnata environment is 30 days after the announcement. Then he approached the
finalization of the study and it is submitted to the MEPP in preparing a report on the
suitability of the study.
The public may appeal the following decisions taken: a) decision taken in the
process of determining need for EIA study and b) the decision to issue a solution for
(non) implementation of the project. These complaints may be made secondary to a
government commission. The public also may submit a request to the court for interim
measures prohibiting the implementation of the project against the permit to perform
the project.
Public participation in EIA procedure for cross-border context is governed by the
requirements of national legislation on information and public participation in the land
where the project is planned to be conducted or regulated by bilateral agreements
between countries to more closely regulate issue.
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Public
Announcement for the availability of Submitting of written
EIA Study MoEPP
the study opinions
MoEPP
MoEPP Public hearing for the EIA Study
Minutes
Informing of MoEPP, Investor, Public, Participants, conclusions,
e-NGOs Persons who have e-NGOs stenographic notes, video and
prepared the Study audio records
MoEPP
Availability of information for
participation in the public Publishing of
hearing Investor, State Authorities, the Minutes
Local- self Government,
the City of Skopje Web page on
MoEPP
MoEPP
Competent Authority Institution to which activity is directed Participants in the public hearing
Activity Where information is published MoEPP – Ministry of Environment and physical planning
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10.5.2 REPORT FROM PUBLIC HEARING UPON THE EIA STUDY OF THE PROJECT
"CONSTRUCTION OF DOUBLE CIRCUIT TRANSMISSION LINE 2X110 KV S/S BITOLA 3 – S/S
BITOLA 4"
On 24. February 2010 investor AD MEPSO has submitted a draft EIA study of the
construction of double circuit transmission line 2X110 kV S/S Bitola 3 – S/S 4 to the
Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning. According to legal requirements the
competent authority - MoEPP made available a draft version of the Study on the
premises of the Office of Public Relations of the MoEPP and their web site and inform
the public about maintaining the public hearing and an opportunity to provide insight
and comments by public on the draft version of the study. The information was
published in daily 24. to 25. April 2010.
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The ad contains all the necessary elements to allow the public to be interested
and attend the public hearing held on 26. April 2010 in the Municipality of Bitola.
The public hearing was attended by 18 people who showed interest and
participated in the discussion which is open as the opening words of the purpose of
public debate (Mrs. Biljana Spiroska the MoEPP - Department of Environment),
presentation of the project and its significance (Mrs. Elizabeta Siljanovska - Atanasova
from AD MEPSO) and the presentation of the objectives of the EIA study, the main
negative impacts of project activities in all phases of the life of the project on the
environment, measures to predict and plan for monitoring (Mrs. Slavjanka Pejčinovska
- Andonova and Mr. Zdravko Andonov from the consulting team EuroPartner Group).
Minutes of the Public hearing upon the EIA Study of the project "Construction of
double circuit transmission line 2x110KV S/S Bitola 3 – S/S Bitola 4"
1. The public hearing was opened by Biljana Spiroska, councelor in the EIA,
Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning
First, it was explained the context for planning the project. Based on the type
and size of project, investor was obliged by MEPP to prepare EIA study as a condition
for obtaining a decision to give consent for the implementation of the project,
according to the Law on Environment. Potential impacts of the project on environment
during construction are identified, as well as work and maintenance in case of
accidents and termination of work.
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passes through uninhabited area. Through the urbanized part cable connection line is
used.
Ms. Pejcinovska Andonova noted that the methodology for preparation of study
includes: Researching and evaluating the type, nature, duration, reversibility,
meaning, intensity of negative and positive impacts of the project on all elements of
the environment; Assessing whether the effects can be prevented, avoided, buffered
and / or compensated; Proposing preventive and corrective measures to mitigate the
impacts; Plan for monitoring, information to all decision makers and stakeholders
about the impact of the project on the environment and their involvement in the
whole process transparent; and Providing a recommendation whether to proceed with
the development and implementation of the project. Lists are used to check/Leopold
matrix (EIA Scoping checklist, Leopold Impact matrix) Sectoral Guidelines and the
World Bank Guidelines for EIA.
The study has analyzed the following impacts: visual aspects and impacts on the
area, electro-magnetic influences, biodiversity, cumulative effects and socio-economic
aspect and in all stages of the life cycle of the project - construction phase,
operational and maintenance phase and after termination with work. For each of these
impacts on the elements of physical /natural environment, human health and wildlife,
and social aspects in each phase separately, provided the mitigation measures and
reduce potential negative impacts.
Prior to open discussion, Biljana Spiroski informed that anyone interested can
look the study in the municipality of Bitola and on the website of the Ministry and to
comment in respect of the same.
Discussion
Mr. Tome Blazevski member of the council of the municipality of Bitola raise the
question: Is it considered new detailed urban plan of municipality Bitola which is in
the process of adoption, and where exactly the route passes, it is near Tumbe Kafe?
Discussion of citizen Dimitar Dimitrov: Credit for the study and participants, but
also doubt that will properly compensate owners of land where the lines will cross.
After the long discussion and presentation of bad previous experience of the citizen,
was emphasized that although the cable line is 6 times expensiver, it is more shorter
and better way of transmission. The investor confirmed that the cable line is the
future of energy transmission in the urban areas, but now the municipalities in
Macedonia have not yet developed enough underground cadastre which is a
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prerequisite for it. On the other hand, the choice of constriction of double circuit
transmission line connecting the S-S BItola 3 and S-S Bitola 4 presents an opportunity
for safe and reliable supply of electricity consumers in the southern part of the
municipality of Bitola, where is planned urban expansion of the city. Detailed route
was explained and the way of expropriation, as well as consultation for all owners of
cadastral parcels, offering market price for the purchase of parcels where the pillars
will be placed and temporary rent of the parcels where overhead transmission lines
will pass trhough. The investor cannot get a building permit until they completed the
process of expropriation.
The citizen was suggested to address his questions in writing to the competent
authorities.
They were not asked further questions and Ms. Spiroska closed the public
hearing at 20:00 am.
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