NARCOTIC

Presented to:Kalyani mam Presented by:V.PavanReddy

Reg no:18BCE7249
Narcotic:
Drug that produces analgesia (pain relief), narcosis
(state of stupor or sleep), and addiction (physical
dependence on the drug). In some people narcotics
also produce euphoria (a feeling of great elation).
● The main therapeutic use of narcotics is for pain relief,
and hence they are often called narcotic analgesics.
● The best-known narcotics are the opiates-i.e.,
compounds found in or derived from opium.
● Opium is obtained as the dried milky juice of the seed
pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).
● Of the 20 or more alkaloids found in opium, the most
important is morphine, which is primarily responsible for
opium’s narcotic properties.
● Drugs with actions similar to morphine that are
produced synthetically are known as opioids.
● The terms opiate, opioid, and narcotics are used
interchangeably. In most countries the production,
trade in, and use of narcotics are limited because of
their addictive properties, detrimental effects, and the
incidence of narcotic drug abuse.
● In 1898 heroin, or diacetylmorphine, was developed
from morphine by the Bayer Company in Germany.
● Heroin is 5 to 10 times as potent as morphine itself
and is used by most narcotic addicts.
● Heroin proved to be even more addictive than
morphine, a search for synthetic substitutes was
undertaken that resulted in such opioids as
meperidine (Demerol), methadone, and levorphanol
(Levo-Dromoran).
Most persistent users of heroin or other narcotics
follow a classic progression from inhaling the drug to
injecting it subcutaneously and then to injecting it
intravenously; each of these stages usually brings a
greater likelihood of addiction with it.
● With increasing use of the drug, euphoria and relaxation
eventually give way to drug tolerance and physical
dependence; the addict must use progressively larger
doses to achieve the same pleasurable effects, and once
the drug wears off he must endure painful symptoms of
physical and psychological withdrawal.
● An overdose of narcotics can severely depress the central
nervous system, with respiratory failure and death as a
consequence.
● The 1961 Convention establishes strict controls on the
cultivation of opium poppy, coca bush, cannabis plant and their
products, which, in the Convention, are described as "narcotic
drugs" (although cocaine is a stimulant drug rather than one
that induces sleep).
● Control is exercised over 130 narcotic drugs , mainly natural
products, such as opium and its derivatives, morphine, codeine
and heroin, but also synthetic drugs, such as methadone and
pethidine, as well as cannabis and coca leaf.
● Parties to the 1961 Convention undertake to limit the production,
manufacture, export, import, distribution and stocks of, trade in
and use and possession of the controlled drugs so that they are
used exclusively for medical and scientific purposes.
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