CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
As social beings, humans communicate with each other. Communication is
carried out to meet certain needs. Most of human life is filled with communication
activities. Speaking is an activity that is always carried out by humans. Almost everyone
does it. But not everyone can speak in public called "Public Speaking".
What are the public speaking activities? For example a political figure who is
giving his political speech in front of the masses. Is a poet reader also called public
speaking? How about mothers in social gathering chat? Which of the above phenomena
spawned public speaking? Simply speaking, public speaking is a technique of
communicating messages or opinions in front of many people with the intention that
others understand the information conveyed or even change views or opinions because of
it. This communication technique in front of many people is not done in a monologue,
but in continuous dialogue. And here we can immediately conclude that the poem is not
public speaking because he does not engage in dialogue with the audience. And public
speaking is also different from the chatter mothers because in a very fluid and
unstructured atmosphere. In public speaking the speaker has a clear speech flow and has
the goal so that the material is listened to and followed by the audience / listener.
Then how to grow and maintain the ability of public speaking in each of us? It is very
important to remember, the ability to do public speaking can come from natural talents
that are obtained from birth, but there are obtained from practice. Imagine an increasingly
complex world lately adorned with a swift flow of information. Everyone wants to talk to
convey their ideas and opinions to others. Because every person wants his ideas to be
understood, followed, and implemented by others. Therefore, almost everyone in this
world needs to go public speaking

1.2 Purpose of CBR

1. Adding reader insight about public speaking
2. Increasing the motivation of readers in knowing more about public speaking

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 3. Strengthening understanding of the reader about the importance of learning public
speaking from an early age.

1.3 Benefit of CBR

a. For writers
1. Fulfill CBR assignments in the Academic Oral Laguage Skills course
2. Practicing the ability of writers to criticize a book
3. Develop a creative mindset in comparing one book to another.
b. For readers.
1. To increase knowledge and insight regarding the public speaking.

1.4 Identity of Books

a. The Main Book
 Title of Book
 Author
 Year of Publication
b. The Comparison Book
 Title of Book
 Author
 Year of Publication
: The Art of Public Speaking
: Dale Carnegie and Joseph Berg Esenwein
: 2005
: Successful Methods of Public Speaking
: Grenville Kleiser
: 2006

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1 Main Book Summary
2.1.1 Content of The Art of Public Speaking Books
Sense never fails to give them that have it, Words enough to make them
understood. It too often happens in some conversations, as in Apothecary Shops,
that those Pots that are Empty, or have Things of small Value in them, are as gaudily
Dress'd as those that are full of precious Drugs. They that soar too high, often fall
hard, making a low and level Dwelling preferable. The tallest Trees are most in the
Power of the Winds, and Ambitious Men of the Blasts of Fortune. Buildings have
need of good Foundation, that lie so much exposed to Weather – William Pen
The efficiency of a book is like that of a man, in one important respect: its
attitude toward its subject is the first source of its power. A book may be full of
good ideas well expressed, but if its writer views his subject from the wrong angle
even his excellent advice may prove to be ineffective.
This book stands or falls by its authors' attitude toward its subject. If the
best way to teach oneself or others to speak effectively in public is to fill the mind
with rules, and to set up fixed standards for the interpretation of thought, the
utterance of language, the making of gestures, and all the rest, then this book will
be limited in value to such stray ideas throughout its pages as may prove helpful to
the reader—as an effort to enforce a group of principles it must be reckoned a
failure, because it is then untrue.
It is of some importance, therefore, to those who take up this volume with
open mind that they should see clearly at the out-start what is the thought that at
once underlies and is builded through this structure. In plain words it is this:
Training in public speaking is not a matter of externals—primarily; it is not a matter
of imitation—fundamentally; it is not a matter of conformity to standards at all.
Public speaking is public utterance, public issuance, of the man himself;
therefore the first thing both in time and in importance is that the man should be
and think and feel things that are worthy of being given forth. Unless there be
something of value within, no tricks of training can ever make of the talker anything

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 more than a machine—albeit a highly perfected machine—for the delivery of other
men's goods. So self-development is fundamental in our plan.
The second principle lies close to the first: The man must enthrone his will
to rule over his thought, his feelings, and all his physical powers, so that the outer
self may give perfect, unhampered expression to the inner. It is futile, we assert, to
lay down systems of rules for voice culture, intonation, gesture, and what not,
unless these two principles of having something to say and making the will so
vereign have at least begun to make themselves felt in the life.
The third principle will, we surmise, arouse no dispute: No one can learn
how to speak who does not first speak as best he can. That may seem like a vicious
circle in statement, but it will bear examination.
Many teachers have begun with the how. Vain effort! It is an ancient truism
that we learn to do by doing. The first thing for the beginner in public speaking is
to speak—not to study voice and gesture and the rest. Once he has spoken he can
improve himself by self-observation or according to the criticisms of those who
hear.
But how shall he be able to criticise himself? Simply by finding out three
things: What are the qualities which by common consent go to make up an effective
speaker; by what means at least some of these qualities may be acquired; and what
wrong habits of speech in himself work against his acquiring and using the qualities
which he finds to be good.
Experience, then, is not only the best teacher, but the first and the last. But
experience must be a dual thing—the experience of others must be used to
supplement, correct and justify our own experience; in this way we shall become
our own best critics only after we have trained ourselves in self-knowledge, the
knowledge of what other minds think, and in the ability to judge ourselves by the
standards we have come to believe are right. "If I ought," said Kant, "I can."
An examination of the contents of this volume will show how consistently
these articles of faith have been declared, expounded, and illustrated. The student
is urged to begin to speak at once of what he knows. Then he is given simple
suggestions for self-control, with gradually increasing emphasis upon the power of

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 the inner man over the outer. Next, the way to the rich storehouses of material is
pointed out. And finally, all the while he is urged to speak, speak, SPEAK as he is
applying to his own methods, in his own personal way, the principles he has
gathered from his own experience and observation and the recorded experiences of
others.
So now at the very first let it be as clear as light that methods are secondary
matters; that the full mind, the warm heart, the dominant will are primary and not
only primary but paramount; for unless it be a full being that uses the methods it
will be like dressing a wooden image in the clothes of a man.
2.1.2 Acquiring Confidence Before an Audiece
There is a strange sensation often experienced in the presence of an
audience. It may proceed from the gaze of the many eyes that turn upon the
speaker, especially if he permits himself to steadily return that gaze. Most
speakers have been conscious of this in a nameless thrill, a real something,
pervading the atmosphere, tangible, evanescent, indescribable. All
writers have borne testimony to the power of speaker's eye in impressing an
audience. This influence which we are now considering is the reverse
of that picture - the power their eyes may exert upon him, especially before he
begins to speak after the inward fires of oratory are fanned into flame the eyes of
the audience lose all terror.-WILLIAM PITTENGER.
2.1.3 How To Be A Great Public Speaker
a. Be Absorbed by Your Subject
Apply the blacksmith's homely principle when you are speaking. If you feel
deeply about your subject you will be able to think of little else. Concentration is a
process of distraction from less important matters. It is too late think about the cut
of your coat when once you are upon the platform, so centre your interest on
what you are about to say—fill your mind with your speech-material and, like the
infilling water in the glass, it will drive out your fears. Self-consciousness is undue
consciousness of self, and, for the purpose of delivery, self is secondary to your
subject, not only in the opinion of the audience,but if you are wise, in your own.
To hold any other view is to regard yourself as an exhibit instead of as a messenger

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 with a message worth delivering. Do you remember Elbert Hubbard's tremendous
little tract, "A Message to Garcia"? The youth subordinated himself to the message
he bore. So must you, by all the determination you can muster. It is sheer egotism
to fill your mind with thoughts of self when a greater thing is there TRUTH. Say
this to yourself sternly, and shame your self-consciousness into quiescence. If the
theater caught fire you could rush to the stage and shout directions to the audience
without any self-consciousness, for the importance of what you were saying
would drive all fear-thoughts out of your mind.
b. Have Something To Say
The trouble with many speakers is that they go before an audience with
their minds a blank. It is no wonder that nature, abhorring a vacuum, fills them
with the nearest thin handy, which generally happens to be, "I wonder if I am
doing this right! How does my hair look? I know I shall fail."Their prophetic souls
are sure to be right.
c. After Preparing for Success, Expect It
Let your bearing be modestly confident, but most of all be modestly
confident within. Over-confidence is bad, but to tolerate premonitions of failure is
worse, for a bold man may win attention by his very bearing, while a rabbit-
hearted coward invites disaster. Humility is not the personal discount that we
must offer in the presence of others against this old interpretation there has been a
most healthy modern reaction. True humility any man who thoroughly knows
himself must feel; but it is not a humility that assumes a worm-like meekness; it is
rather a strong, vibrant prayer for greater power for service a prayer that Uriah
Heep could never have uttered.
d. Assume Mastery Over Your Audience
In public speech, as in electricity, there is a positive and a negative force.
Either you or your audience are going to possess the positive factor. If you assume
it you can almost invariably make it yours. If you assume the negative you are sure
to be negative. Assuming a virtue or a vice vitalizes it. Summon all your power of
self-direction, and remember that though your audience is infinitely more important
than you, the truth is more important than both of you, because it is eternal. If your

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 mind falters in its leadership the sword will drop from your hands. Your assumption
of being able to instruct or lead or inspire a multitude or even a small group of
people may app all you as being colossal impudence as indeed it may be; but having
once essayed to speak, be courageous. Be courageous it lies within you to be what
you will. Make yourself be calm and confident.
e. Concluding Hints
Take a deep breath, relax, and begin in a quiet conversational tone as though
you were speaking to one large friend. You will not find it half so bad as you
imagined; really, it is like taking a cold plunge: after you are in, the water is fine.
In fact, having spoken a few times you will even anticipate the plunge with
exhilaration. To stand before an audience and make them think your thoughts after
you is one of the greatest pleasures you can ever know. Instead of fearing it, you
ought to be as anxious as the fox hounds straining at their leashes, or the race horses
tugging at their reins.
f. Is all this unsympathetic, do you say?
Man, what you need is not sympathy, but a push. No one doubts that
temperament and nerves and illness and even praise worthy modesty may, singly or
combined, cause the speaker's cheek to blanch before an audience, but neither can
any one doubt that coddling will magnify this weakness. The victory lies in a
fearless frame of mind. Prof. Walter Dill Scott says: "Success or failure in business
is caused more by mental attitude even than by mental capacity. " Banish the fear-
attitude; acquire the confident attitude. And remember that the only way to acquire
it is to acquire it.
In this foundation chapter we have tried to strike the tone of much that is to
follow. Many of these ideas will be amplified and enforced in a more specific way;
but through all these chapters on an art which Mr. Gladstone believed to be more
powerful than the public press, the note of justifiable self-confidence must sound
again and again.

2.2 Comparison Book Summary

2.2.1 Content Of Succsessfull Methods of Public Speaking

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 By Grenville Kleiser
Inspiration and Ideals
How to Build Mental Power
How to Develop Self-Confidence in Speech and Manner
How to Read and Declaim
How to Speak in Public
How to Develop Power and Personality in Speaking Great Speeches and How
to Make Them
How to Argue and Win Humorous Hits and How to Hold an Audience Complete
Guide to Public Speaking Talks on Talking Fifteen Thousand Useful Phrases
The World's Great Sermons Mail Course in Public Speaking Mail Course in
Practical English How to Speak Without Notes Something to Say
How to Say It Successful Methods of Public Speaking Model Speeches for
Practise The Training of a Public Speaker
How to Sell Through Speech Impromptu Speeches
How to Make Them Word-Power
How to Develop It Christ: The Master Speaker Vital English for Speakers and
Writers.

You can acquire valuable knowledge for use in your own public speaking
by studying the successful methods of other men. This does not mean, however,
that you are to imitate others, but simply to profit by their experience and
suggestions in so far as they fit in naturally with your personality.
All successful speakers do not speak alike. Each man has found certain
things to be effective in his particular case, but which would not necessarily be
suited to a different type of speaker.
When, therefore, you read the following methods of various men, ask
yourself in each case whether you can apply the ideas to advantage in your own
speaking. Put the method to a practical test, and decide for yourself whether it
is advisable for you to adopt it or not.
a. Requirements of Effective Speaking

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 There are certain requirements in public speaking which you and
every other speak must observe. You must be grammatical, intelligent,
lucid, and sincere. These are essential. You must know your subject
thoroughly, and have the ability to put it into pleasing and persuasive form.
But beyond these considerations there are many things which must be left
to your temperament, taste, and individuality. To compel you to speak
according to inflexible rules would make you not an orator but an
automaton.
The temperamental differences in successful speakers have been
very great. One eminent speaker used practically no gesture another was
in almost constant action. One was quiet, modest, and conversational in his
speaking style; another was impulsive and resistless as a mountain torrent.
It is safe to say that almost any man, however unpretentious his
language, will command a hearing in Congress, Parliament, or elsewhere,
if he gives accurate information upon a subject of importance and in a
manner of unquestioned sincerity. You will observe in the historical
accounts of great orators, that without a single exception they studied, read,
practised, conversed, and meditated,not occasionally, but with daily
regularity. Many of them were endowed with natural gifts, but they
supplemented these with indefatigable work.
b. Success Factors in Platform Speaking
Constant practice of composition has been the habit of all great
orators. This, combined with the habit of reading and re-reading the best
prose writers and poets, accounts in large measure for the felicitous style
of such men as Burke, Erskine, Macaulay, Bolingbroke, Phillips, Everett
and Webster.
I can not too often urge you to use your pen in daily composition
asa means to felicity and facility of speech. The act of writing out your
thoughts is a direct aid to concentration, and tends to enforce the habit of
choosing the best language. It gives clearness, force, precision, beauty, and

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 copiousness of style, so valuable in extemporaneous and impromptu
speaking.
1. The Need of Self-Confidence
Whatever methods of premeditation you adopt in the
preparation of a speech, having planned everything to the best
of your ability, dismiss from your mind all anxiety and all
thought about yourself. Right preparation and earnest practice
should give you a full degree of confidence in your ability to
perform the task before you. When you stand at last before the
audience, it should be with the assurance that you are throughly
equipped to say something of real interest and importance.
2. The Power of Personality
Personality plays a vital part in a speaker's success.
Gladstone described Cardinal Newman's manner in the pulpit as
unsatis factory if considered in its separate parts. "There was not
much change in the inflection of his voice; action there was
none; his sermons were read, and his eyes were always on his
book; and all that, you will say, is against efficiency in
preaching. Yes; but you take the man as a whole, and there was
a stamp and a seal upon him, there was solemn music and
sweetness in his tone, there was a completeness in the figure,
taken together with the tone and with the manner, which made
even his delivery such as I have described it, and the ex clusively
with written sermons, singularly attractive."
3. The Danger of Imitation
It is a fatal mistake, as I have said, to set out deliberately to
imitate some favorite speaker, and to mold your style after his.
You will observe certain things and methods in other speakers
which will fit in naturally with your style and temperament. To
this extent you may advantageously adopt them, but always be

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 on your guard against anything which might in the slightest
degree impair your own individuality.
4. The Value of Repitition
Persuasion is a task of skill. You must bring to your aid in
speaking every available resource. An effective weapon at times
is a "remorseless literation." Have the courage to repeat yourself
as often as may be necessary to impress your leading ideas upon
the minds of your hearers. Note the forensic maxim, "tell a
judge twice whatever you want him to hear; tell a special jury
thrice, and a common jury half a dozen times, the view of a case
you wish them to entertain."
5. Advantage and Disadvantage of Memorizing Speeches
Some of the most highly successful speakers carefully wrote
out, revised, and committed to memory important passages in
their speeches. These they dexterously wove into the body of
their addresses in such a natural manner as not to expose their
method.This plan, however is not to be generally recommended,
since few men have the faculty of rendering memorized parts so
as to make them appear extempore. If you recite rather than
speak to an audience, you may be a good entertainer, but just to
that degree will you impair your power and effectiveness as a
public speaker.
There are speakers who have successfully used the plan of
committing to memory significant sentences, statements, or
sayings, and skilfully embodying them in their speeches. You
might test this method for yourself, those it is attended with
danger. If possible, join a local debating society, where you will
have excellent opportunity for practice in thinking and speaking
on your feet. Many distinguished public speakers have owed
their fluency of speech and self confidence to early practice in
debate.

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 CHAPTER III
ADVANTAGES OF BOOKS
3.1 Main Book
a. The author in presenting this book is accompanied by experts. This is certainly a plus
for this book, the participation can make readers get more information so that it is easy
to conclude the explanation.
b. The contents are clearly detailed plus questions and answers from each chapter of the
discussion along with examples that are quite understandable and easy to understand
so as to increase the interest of the reader.

3.2 Comparison Book

a. Its contents are clearly and easily understood so that they can increase readers'
interest.
b. Books that are neat and clear are not blurry, colorful and full of sample images
make the reader feel comfortable, interested and easier to understand .
c. The discussion material is broader and coupled with discussions specifically for
students makes this book more interested.

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 CHAPTER IV
DISADVANTAGES OF BOOKS
4.1 Main Book
a. The absence at the end of the chapter includes questions and answers to see how far the
reader understands each chapter in the book.
b. There are still less neat sentences in place that make the reader a little confused.

4.2 Comparison Book

a. There are several sentences that still need explanation but are not explained.
b. In the book there is no sample image but only illustrates with a sentence, and this book
is not interested because there is no color in the book and too many discussions in each
chapter.
c. Absence at the end of the chapter includes a summary of each chapter.

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 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION

The equation of the two books is that both books explain the material about Successful
Methods of Public Speaking Book and The Art of Public Speaking. In the Succsessfull Methods
of Public Speaking each discussion includes questions and answers at the end of the chapter while
in The art of Public Speaking book there are none but the advantages in The art of Public Speaking
book make a summary at the end of the chapter while Succsessful Methods of Public Speaking
books does not. In the second book, the discussion is too far into the title of the art of Public
Speaking, while in Methods of Public Speaking book the discussion for students and examples is
broader and easier to understand. In the first book there is no sample image and no color while the
second book has examples of images that are easy to understand and full color.
In the discussion book The art of public speaking discusses acquiring confidence before an
audience, efficiency through change of pitch, pause and power, concentration in delivery, the truth
about gesture, influencing by argument while in Succsessfull Methods of public speaking book
discusses helping students make the leap from principles to performance, Helping students
applying principles discussed in The text to the creation of their own speeches, The Power of
Public Speaking, The Tradition of Public Speaking, Differences Between Public Speaking and
Conversation, and The Speech Communication Process.
It's good if the first books provide examples and explanations that are shorter but easy for
readers to understand. How good is the first book to make sample images and colors to be more
interested and make words or sentences that are easier to digest again.

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 REFERENCES
Carnegie Dale and Joseph Berg Esenwein.2005.The Art of Public Speaking.
Kleiser Grenville.2006.Successful Methods of Public Speaking.

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