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1 BFT 40303 2
The Rail
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Chapter 3
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
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The bull head rail (double head rail) was widely The rail that is currently widely used is the flat
used in the 19th century, with expectation that the bottom rail (Vignoles-type rail).
rail can be reused (reversed).
Flat bottom rail
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Stress Distribution
Static wheel load of 100-ton
car = 146,235 N Approximate
intensity of stresses
414,000 – 827,000 kPa (top of rail)
55 – 160 kPa
(0.6 m below the
base)
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Longitudinal Forces
Depression and
stress Dynamic forces (Pd) caused by vehicle vibrations
due to wind loading and geometric conditions can
be related to static forces (Ps) using Talbot’s
Moment
equation.
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F ( x ) k . y( x )
y(x) Elastic modulus
F(x) in kg/cm2
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P x
6 P
Ma e cos x sin x M a 0.75
4 i 1 4
P
M a 0.82 Axle load configurations are not considered
4
P
M a 0.85
4
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The maximum values of deflection ym, bending The rail seat load Qm can be obtained using:
moment Mm, and shear force Vm are given by:
Qm Vm .S
P
ym where S = sleeper spacing
2k
P
Mm The ballast pressure Pb is calculated using:
4
P 2Qm
Vm k . ym Pb
2 Ab
where Ab = sleeper bearing
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Exercise 3.9
a) Determine the dynamic load of the rail for a Class Classification of Railway and type of rails
I railway given that the axle load is 18 tons. Class Maximum Design speed Load Capacity Dynamic wheel
speed, Vmax (km/hr) (million load (kg)
b) Calculate the maximum moment if the rail used is (km/hr) tons/year)
R54 with an elastic modulus of 2 x 106 kg/cm2 I 120 150 > 20 19,940
and moment of inertia of 2,346 cm4. The II 110 140 10 – 20 16,241
III 100 125 5 – 10 15,542
foundation modulus of elasticity is 180 kg/cm2.
IV 90 115 2.5 – 5 14,843
c) Obtain the deflection at 3 m from the loading V 80 100 < 2.5 14,144
point.
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(c) 3 m = 300 cm
x = 0.0099(300) = 2.97
P x
y( x ) e cos x sin x
2k
16,938 0.0099 2.97
y( 300 ) e cos 2.97 sin 2.97
2 180
y( 300 ) 0.0251 cm
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