December 10,

2018

Muhammad Awais Saeed

CS-14

[INTERNET OF THINGS]
Technology is cold, find a Real hand to hold.
-Paul McGril
Table of Contents
Abstract .............................................................................................................................................2
Acknowledge .....................................................................................................................................2
What is IoT ? ......................................................................................................................................2
History ...........................................................................................................................................3
Applications.......................................................................................................................................3
Smart Homes .................................................................................................................................4
Wearables......................................................................................................................................4
IoT in Healthcare ............................................................................................................................4
Smart Cars .....................................................................................................................................4
Smart Industries.............................................................................................................................4
Smart Farming................................................................................................................................5
IoT in Power management..............................................................................................................5
IoT in Agriculture............................................................................................................................5
Smart Cities....................................................................................................................................5
Requirements ....................................................................................................................................5
Constraints and Controversies............................................................................................................6
Huge Data ......................................................................................................................................6
Security..........................................................................................................................................6
IoT impact on Environment ............................................................................................................6
IoT in Pakistan ...................................................................................................................................6
My observation and future Agriculture of Pakistan .............................................................................6
Conclusions........................................................................................................................................7
References.........................................................................................................................................7
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................7

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Abstract
This report is the answer of some questions related to IoT like what was, is, and will
be the IoT? This questions rise some more just like what are the applications of IoT and why
we need IoT? But when we talk about its applications then we also consider its
requirements either it is so costly or its usage is beneficial. But we also think that there is
any limit or everything can be connected to it. We also want to know its growth rate. How
rapidly it is growing? We also think where there is hell amount of its benefits then there will
be some side effects, some constraints and etc. After this we also think, what is presents
progress of IoT in Pakistan?

Acknowledge
Advice given by Dr. Adnan Iqbal and Dr. Nouman javed has been a great help for me
in this report. I am also grateful for the assistance given by Sir Irfan Nadeem.

What is IoT ?
Internet of Things (IoT), if we divide this term into words then we come to know
internet is about to connectivity of computer with peoples and gathered data from peoples
and Things can be anything from our daily life but when we combine these words then we
are trying to say that now computers can gathered data from things. Definition for this term
can be:

“Connection of multiple but different types of objects by using internet and some other
devices like embedded sensors to get data and use that data for the betterment and ease
of Humanity”

This is as a global network which connects human to things, Things to things and things can
be anything of this world. Simple is that in IoT we collect data from things, process that data
and use that data for our benefits as well as we make this all process automated.

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History
Idea of making things intelligent is as early as 1982. First internet connected device is
a coke machine, it was able to report either loaded drinks are cold or not[1]. In 1991 Mark
weiser’s wrote a paper (The computer of the 21st Century) on ubiquitous in which he gave
the vision of IoT[2]. In 1994, Reza Raji gave the concept of integrating and automation of all
home appliances to entire factories in IEEE Spectrum. Between 1993 and 1999 different
companies work on it, Bill joy gave the force to this field by presenting the idea of Device to
Device communication as a part of his “Six Webs” framework at world Economic Forum at
Davos in 1999.

But the term “Internet of Things” first time originates by Kevin Ashton during his stay at
Procter & Gamble as an assistant brand manager and afterwards he also cofounded Auto-ID
Center at MIT in 1999 [3], which make lots of sensor. At that point, he thinks Radio-
frequency identification (RFID) is very important for IoT which helps computer to connect
and manage all things. From then to now lots of research article published and many
companies all over the world are working on it, to make our future world and things smart.
Now we are using so many application of IoT in our every field of life.

Applications
There is lot of application of internet of things. Smart homes, smart cities,
agriculture, Health, education and smart vehicle are the most increasing applications of IoT .
Therefore, I divide them according to their usage .[4][5][6]

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Smart Homes
Smart homes are homes full of IoT smart devices. In smart homes almost everything
works automatically e.g. lighting system of your home, security system, refrigerators,
cocking systems, air conditioning and heating system. Lighting system helps you in saving
energy , managing lights from outside the home and it also reduce your electricity cost.
Security system provides 24 hours security irrespective of your presence. You can control
your home from all over the world. Your refrigerators manage temperature according to
weather conditions and also inform you about your missing items, it can also order them
online. Smart homes help you in cooking, in reducing electricity consumption and in many
other aspects. Smart homes change your way of living.

Wearables
There are a lot of wear able IoT devices which we can use for many purposes such as
smart shoes, gloves and other disease detecting devices for health and fitness, smart
watches ,smart glasses, smart bracelet and other small sized devices with a lot of sensors for
controlling your other IoT devices and laptops etc.

IoT in Healthcare
IoT has a huge number of smart healthcare devices. Now you can check and record
your health related data by using IoT device and this data help your doctors to diagnose
your disease. These devices help in monitoring health related things such as different
diseases like blood pressure, heartbeats and diabetes etc. Some devices made for patients
care like smart beds. Some devices like smart wearable heartbeat monitor and many more
devices use for diagnosing diseases and helping doctors to diagnose a disease. [7]

Smart Cars
Smart cars are also a wonderful application of IoT. Now cars can know where are
you, where do you want to go and which route is best for you. Smart cars with sensors and
internet connection provide comfort to his passengers, provide emergency services, reduce
the possibilities of accidents, provide security and many more. With the help of IoT now we
are the connected with our cars. This field is growing rapidly. BMW, Tesla, Apple and some
other companies are working on future cars.

Smart Industries
In business IoT has revolutionary applications. In business you can also know about
future trends by IoT. With the help of IoT we can manufacture lot more things in less time
with more quality and less cost. IoT help in reducing electricity consumption, in controlling
different machines automatically which reduce man power and it can also calculate your
product cost and predict its market value. It reduces time for manufacturing. Future store
also a wonderful application of Industrial internet of things we can also sell things smartly.
Future store can provide you the paths to things and you can find instant detail of every
product. Smart infrastructure also help to build a house or industrial building in less time,

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with good and solid design according to your area and it can also help you chose best place
for your home.

Smart Farming
Smart farming is farming by using IoT devices. Major benefit of IoT in farming is cost
saving and increasing of production. With the help of IoT devices you can monitor your
animal health and their diet. You can also monitor your animals and find out their favorite
time to give milk and eggs.

IoT in Power management

Smart power grids not only reduce the cost of electricity it also makes them safe in
electricity transmission. With the help of IoT we collect data from consumers and
transmission routes to reduce its loss and to reduce its unnecessary usage. We can also
increase the production of electricity.

IoT in Agriculture
In agriculture IoT use to collect data from environment such as data of temperature,
climate, raining, wind speed, insects attack and soil content. With the help of this data we
can increase production rate, increase quality of food, reduce cost of production, reduce
human efforts, reduce time of production and reduce use of fertilizers. In agriculture we can
also save water and reduce watering cost by using smart technique and automation.

Smart Cities
When we use IoT application in all fields then in real we making our whole city
smart. In smart cities your buildings, roads, streets lights, play grounds, shopping malls in-
fact each and everything connected with internet. It helps you in bad weather conditions,
reducing traffic, reducing pollution, saving lives in accidents and in many more things. For
example if you have an accident and you are alone then the nearby traffic signal
automatically call the ambulance and inform your relatives.

Requirements
Basic and most important requirement is wireless low power connectivity. We
cannot connect so many sensors with physical wiring. We also cannot afford to use high
power consumption and for ultra-low energy consuming devices we require intelligent
hardware. Many companies are already doing this. We also need small size sensors with
affordable prices.

We can also use smart methods of communication which need smart

communication protocols like ZigBee, Bluetooth, 6LoWPAN, Thread, Wi-Fi, Lora WAN[8]
and many others. These protocols help in communication of different ranges (with respect
to application and requirements) between sensors and nodes.

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Constraints and Controversies
Now in IoT, Where is lot of benefits of benefits, there are also some constraints, bad
impacts and controversies of IoT applications and devise.

Huge Data
It is great challenge to store such a bulk of data which is gathered from sensors. It
also consumes more power and need large size, to fulfill these requirements some
companies are still working. Currently the Internet is already responsible for 5% of the total
energy generated.

Security
Security is also a great challenge because with increasing the connectivity of things
to internet, the chances of increasing serious criminal activities. So, in this way IoT is also a
dangerous for our security. If some hack your IoT network he can do almost anything he
want and this become the cause of huge destruction. So with rapidly growing IoT, we have
to consider about its security issues.

In a January 2014 article in Forbes, cyber-security columnist Joseph Steinberg listed

many Internet-connected appliances that can already "spy on people in their own homes"
including televisions, kitchen appliances, cameras, and thermostats.

IoT impact on Environment

In IoT we are using huge number of sensors which we manufacture from
semiconductors. In semiconductors companies are using variety of heavy and rare metals
and highly toxic chemicals, and this makes them hardly recycled. This thing has bad impact
on our environment.

IoT in Pakistan
IoT is rapidly growing field in Pakistan. Many companies of Pakistan are now working
on this field with the arrival of fast internet technologies. IoT Pakistan is working on cloud
computing, live-Wi-Fi, Artificial intelligence and many other projects. But still now we are in
the beginning stage. Now in Pakistan, we are using IoT in Healthcare, smart appliances (TV,
refrigerators, ACs, and UPS),smart homes and somehow in agriculture.

My observation and future Agriculture of Pakistan

I think future of IoT in Pakistan and all over the world is bright but we to use it
carefully because with the lots of benefits, it also have some destructive impacts if we don’t
consider its bad effects and find solutions for them. IoT applications and research change
our future but these changes can reduce human own power and man can be addict to this.

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 Pakistan is an agricultural country and IoT can change our agricultural system. Now
we are facing so many problems like shortage of water, lack of fertile land, poor quality
fertilizers, and lack of knowledge of fields, low quality pesticides and many more. These
fertilizers and pesticides also harmful for food and these things cause many diseases. But we
can overcome these problems to great extent by using IoT application in our agriculture
system. We can increase our food production, reduce our water supply and its cost, reduce
the usage of fertilizers and pesticides and increase the soil content of our land.

Conclusions
Internet of things is our future and it have lot of benefits in every filed. But with
these all benefits we have to be ready for serious security issues because the progress of
overcoming security concerns is very low as compare to its applications growth. IoT have
many good impacts own our lives, environment and way of living. New technology comes
for benefits but it always depends on us how we use that technology.

References
1. “Internet of things Done Wrong stifles Innovations” information week. July 7, 2014.
2. “The computer for 21st Century” Weiser Mark (1991)
3. “The Internet of thing” Ashton, K. (June 22, 2009)
4. “Industries where IoT is working best”. Gary Eastwood (June 16,2017)
5. Awati Ka Shyap. “10 Real world applications of internet of things” (Aug 26,2016)
6. Graph internet of things. Mesh-net.co.uk
7. Digital-Health care. “Smart Hospital bed”. Fred Pennic (Nov 11,2018) hitconsultant.net
8. “11 Internet of Things (IoT) Protocols You Need to Know About”. Rs-online.com (Apr
20,2015)

Bibliography
1. “Internet of Things-Enabled Smart Cities: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends” by (Amir H.
Alavi a1 , Pengcheng Jiaob1 , William G. Buttlar a , Nizar Lajnef)
2. “From the Internet of Computers to the Internet of Things” by (Friedemann Mattern and
Christian Floerkemeier)