по английскому языку
часть I
для I курса
МГИМО
Университет
2
Московский государственный институт
международных отношений
(университет) МИД России
Авторы:
3
Contents
Предисловие ……………………………………………….. 3
Unit 1 ……………………………………………………….. 4
Text: New York
Grammar: Simple Tense Forms. Reported Speech.
Adjectives. Degrees of Comparison. The Article.
Unit 2 ……………………………………………………….. 28
Text: “A Time to Kill” by J. Grisham
Grammar: Simple Tense Forms. Reported Speech. The
Article.
Unit 3 ……………………………………………………….. 66
Text: Englishmen and their Habits.
Grammar: Continuous Tense Forms. Adverbial Clauses of
Time and Condition. Uncountable Nouns.
Unit 4 ……………………………………………………….. 93
Text: “Jewels” after D. Steel
Grammar: Perfect Tense Forms. Sequence of Tenses.
Unit 5 ……………………………………………………….. 132
Text: “An Educated American Woman” by J. Cheever
Grammar: Passive Voice (Simple, Continuous, Perfect).
Sequence of Tenses.
Unit 6 ……………………………………………………….. 163
Text: “De Daumier Smith’s Blue Period” by J.D. Salinger
Grammar: Perfect Continuous Tense Forms.
Unit 7 ……………………………………………………….. 201
Text: “Boy in Rome” by J. Cheever
Grammar: Modal Verbs and their Equivalents.
Unit 8 ……………………………………………………….. 230
Text: “Nothing Lasts Forever” by S. Sheldon
Grammar: Infinitive. Complex Object.
List of Reference …………………………………………… 267
4
Предисловие
5
UNIT 1
TOWN
Lead in: Before reading the text answer the following questions:
New York
6
beautiful and famous are the Chrysler Building and the Empire State
Building built in the late 1920s. Rockefeller Center, built in the
1930s, is the world’s largest privately owned business and
entertainment center. When you are in Midtown, you can look at
more than architecture. Fifth Avenue has stores that are among the
world’s most expensive – Cartier, Gucci, Tiffany’s and so on. They
are great for window shopping.
The New York Stock exchange and the American Stock
Exchange are both in Wall Street. There is also the Federal Reserve
Bank of New York there, a branch of the national bank of the US –
the only branch that buys and sells government securities.
The value of land in Manhattan has turned the island into a sea
of concrete. Fortunately for New York’s residents, there is one major
exception: Central Park, which was opened in 1876. Wealthy
citizens soon built mansions along Fifth avenue. On the park’s east
side, where 81st Street crosses Fifth Avenue the building of
Metropolitan Museum of Art is situated.
It is the largest art museum in the US. Its magnificent collection
of European and American paintings contains works of many great
masters of art world. The second best known is the Museum of
Modern Art famous for its wonderful collections of modern art and
photography. The Guggenheim Museum of Modern Art contains an
impressive number of masterpieces by impressionists and
abstractionists.
The Bronx is more a residential rather than an industrial
borough. Queens is both residential and industrial. Staten Island is a
borough of piers and warehouses. Brooklyn is mainly a residential
area, it alone houses so many people that if it were a separate city, it
would be the fourth largest in the US! The Brooklyn Navy Yard is
the largest shipbuilding center in the world.
There are a lot of colleges and universities in New York, among
them such giants as Columbia University, the State University of
New York, the City University of New York and many others.
New York is a big modern city with a heavy traffic. One way
streets speed traffic east and west and elevated high-ways carry cars
and trucks north and south along the broad avenues.
(From Spotlight on the USA)
7
Dialogue
- Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the British Museum?
- Certainly.
- Is it a long way from here?
- It is 30 minutes’ walk from here, but if you want to get there
quickly you’d better go there by bus from Oxford Circus.
- How do I get there?
- Go straight on, then turn right at the traffic lights and in less
than five minutes you are there.
- What bus shall I take?
- Bus 27.
- At what stop do I get off?
- Ask the conductor to put you down at Great Russel Street.
The bus stops right at the museum.
- Thank you very much.
- Not at all.
Notes
8
4. Rockefeller Center* - fifteen skyscrapers, housing several
large corporations such as the International Associated Press,
Time and Life magazines, National and American
Broadcasting systems, etc.
BrE AmE
centre center
theatre theater
harbour harbor
humour humor
honour honor
Vocabulary
9
2. замечать Did you observe what she was
wearing?
3. соблюдать observe a rule (a custom,
silence)
observation n наблюдение he is under police (medical)
observation
observant a наблюдательный
observer n наблюдатель
10
lead v (led) водить, вести, провести he led us to the
table; she led the child by the hand; he
seems to lead a double life похоже, что он
ведет двойную жизнь; where does this
road lead? phr. it led to nothing это ни к
чему не привело
leader n руководитель, глава, лидер political
leaders of the country
leadership n руководство
11
branch n ветвь, ветка; ответвление a branch of a
tree; отделение, филиал a branch of a
bank; отрасль a brunch of industry; a
branch of the Tudor family ветвь династии
Тюдоров
branch v разветвляться the road branches here;
fig. he has branched out on his own он
отделился, у него свое дело
12
house you for a night
house n 1. дом; особняк a detached house;
многоквартирный дом an apartment
house; phr. they get on like a house on fire
они прекрасно ладят
2. палата лордов/общин the House of
Lords/of Commons; династия Романовых
the house of Romanov; phr. “Full House”
«Все билеты проданы»; this round is on
the house угощение за счет заведения
Conversion
house – to house
dock – to dock
harbor – to harbor
speed – to speed
Exercises
13
8. What is situated in Wall Street?
9. Where do the citizens spend their free time?
10.What is the characteristic feature of the Bronx?
11.What is so specific about Brooklyn?
12.How do the Americans try to avoid traffic jams?
III. The words below are names of parts of the body. Complete
the sentences by one of the words and translate them into
Russian.
14
IV. Study the following phrases. Use them in sentences of your
own.
At the mouth of; observe the people; the life of the nation;
consist of; the smallest of the five; have a population of; be situated
in; at the entrance to; district of piers; be famous for; in the world;
market for luxuries; leading center of the country; a big modern
city; a one-way street; be divided into; be great for smth; major
exception; heavy traffic; broad avenues.
15
September and arrived ______ New York ______ an Indian summer
with a temperature______ eighty degrees; and as I walked ______
Broadway it began to light up ______ myriads of coloured electric
bulbs and sparkled like a brilliant jewel. And ______
the warm night my attitude changed and the meaning
______ America came ______ me: the tall skyscrapers, the brilliant
lights the thrilling display ______ advertisements gave me hope and
a sense ______ adventure. “That is it!” I said to myself. “That is
where I belong!”
(From Charles Chaplin’s recollections)
house – to house
work – to work
bottle – to bottle
play – to play
film – to film
16
panic – to panic
gray – to gray
elbow – to elbow
17
спасибо. 13. На вечеринке у Анны были Том, Салли, Кен и
многие другие. 14. Какие еще места вы бы хотели посетить? 15.
У Саманты две дочери: одной 10 лет, а другой 15. 16. Покажите
мне другой галстук, этот не подходит к моему костюму. 17. Еще
две пинты пива, пожалуйста. 18. Какие еще знаменитые люди
живут в этой части города?
18
Moscow is an interesting example of ______ architecture. 18. The
accident took place where the two streets ______. 19. Everything he
has achieved was at ______ of his health and time. 20. When he was
baptized his godfather gave him a gold ______. 21. She moved from
room to room, mixing with the crowds trying to avoid ______
attention to herself. 22. Such clubs always ______ beautiful young
women and older gentlemen with money.
X. Test translation.
19
XI. Render the text into English.
20
Talking points
XIII.
Table 1
21
yesterday. 3. If the weather forecast is true there ____ much snow
this winter. 4. There ____ few vacant seats at the theatre, when
this play is staged. 5. Because of the heavy snowfall there ____
no cars in the streets. 6. ____ there any chance to see him
tomorrow? 7. There ____ no news about the accident in the
newspapers. 8. Last autumn there ____ no rains in this region. 9.
____ there any ice-cream in the bowl? 10. Our street was rather
noisy when there ____ much traffic there. 11. It is top secret so
there ____ no information about it. 12. ____ there any money to
buy some food?
22
знаю его, чтобы спросить его об этом. 12. Немногие из наших
студентов живут близко от института. 13. У меня есть несколько
идей как помочь Анне. 14. Немного меда в чае поможет тебе
избавиться от кашля. 15. Не трать слишком много денег на
одежду, мода быстро меняется. 16. Она пьет слишком много
воды, но мало ест. 17. Я немного опоздала, потому что в
магазине было слишком много народу. 18. Пожалуйста,
говорите чуть помедленнее, я не успеваю записывать. 19. В
нашей группе мало хороших спортсменов, но много
спортивных болельщиков. 20. Она задала мне несколько
вопросов о моей поездке в Лондон.
23
VI. Translate the sentences into English using the construction
there is/are in the required tense form.
Reported Speech
(Requests, Warnings, Instructions and Prohibition in Reported
Speech)
Study the following
Table 2
24
mother said to me. silly questions.
25
Adjectives. Degrees of Comparison
Table 3
Remember!
26
1. Чем дольше я живу в этом городе, тем больше он мне
нравится. 2. Автомобили двигаются быстрее чем автобусы и
трамваи, но в час пик самый быстрый транспорт – это метро. 3.
Когда он умер, его старшей дочери было всего 12 лет. 4. Эти
новые автобусы могут перевозить в два раза больше людей, чем
старые. 5. Я не успел купить подарок для Джейн. - Не
переживай, давай пойдем в ближайший магазин и выберем что-
нибудь. 6. Москва вдвое больше Петербурга, но вдвое меньше,
чем Мехико-сити. 7. Это самая древняя книга в нашей
библиотеке. 8. Сэм в два раза моложе Тома, но он гораздо выше
и сильнее, чем Том. 9. Время – самый лучший советчик. Чем
дольше думаешь, тем меньше совершаешь ошибок. 10. Его
здоровье становилось все хуже и хуже, и мы поняли, что чем
раньше мы увезем его к морю, тем лучше. 11. Во Франции
построили самый длинный и самый легкий мост в мире. 12.
Чем выше горы, тем ближе звезды. 13. Эта квартира в два раза
меньше той, что мы видели вчера, но стоит она столько же, как
и та. 14. Погода сегодня такая же жаркая как и вчера, но
чувствую я себя гораздо лучше. 15. Боюсь, что любые
дальнейшие действия ни к чему не приведут. 16. Чем дольше
он ждал, тем больше нервничал. 17. Я работаю в два раза
больше Тома, но получаю вдвое меньше, чем он. 18. Это самое
трудное упражнение во всем учебнике. 19. Чем меньше людей
узнают об этом, тем лучше. 20. Моя младшая сестра вдвое
моложе меня. 21. Японские машины вдвое дешевле
европейских.
Trouble Spot
last
последний
latest
27
1. “Z” is the ____ letter of the alphabet.
2. – How do you like Woody Allen’s ____ film? – It’s much
better than his ____ one.
3. – Is it your ____ word?
4. My friend has got all the ____ pop records.
5. Have you heard the ____ news about the accident?
farther – дальше
further – дальнейший, дополнительный
nearest – ближайший
next – следующий
28
The Article
Mrs. Foster lives with her husband in New York City, but her
daughter lives in France. Today Mrs. Foster is going to fly to Paris.
“____ plane leaves at 11”, she told her husband. “But I must
be at ___ airport ____ hour in advance to check in for ____ flight.
Has ____ car come?”
“Yes, it is waiting. ___ driver is going to put ___ luggage in”,
Mr. Foster said.
____ few minutes later Mr. And Mrs. Foster went out and got
into ___ car. At ____ airport Mrs. Foster went to ____ information
desk:
“Is ___ plane to Paris leaving on time?”
“No”, clerk said. “There is ___ delay as it is foggy. But please
don’t leave ____ airport. ___ weather can clear any moment.”
When Mrs. Foster heard ____ news she went to ___ departure
lounge. Only at 6 in ___ evening she heard ____ announcement:
“____ flight 205 to Paris will leave at 11 o’clock tomorrow.”
Mrs. Foster was very tired, but she didn’t want to leave ___
airport and go home.
29
UNIT 2
A Time to Kill
(an Excerpt)
30
shaved and dressed quickly. He had to be at the Coffee Shop at 6:00
a.m. another rule.
Down the hall he quietly opened Hanna’s door and knelt
beside her. She was four, the only child, and there would be no
others. She lay in bed surrounded by dolls and stuffed animals. He
kissed her lightly on the cheek. She was as beautiful as her mother,
and the two were identical in looks and manners. They had large
bluish-gray eyes that could cry instantly, if necessary. They wore
their dark hair the same way, had it cut by the same person at the
same time. They even dressed alike.
Jake adored the two women in his life. He kissed the second
one goodbye and went to the kitchen to make coffee.
Few people attacked the morning like Jake Brigance. He
walked to the driveway and got the morning papers. It was dark,
clear, and cool with the promise of summer rapidly approaching.
Clanton had three coffee shops- two for the whites and one for
the blacks, and all three were on the square. It was not illegal or
uncommon for whites to eat at Claude’s, the black café on the west
side. Jake ate barbecue every Friday at Claude’s, as did most of the
white liberals in Clanton. But six mornings a week he was a regular
at the Coffee Shop.
He parked the Saab in front of his office on Washington Street
and walked three doors to the Coffee Shop. It had opened an hour
earlier. This was no white-collar café. The white collars gathered
across the square at the Tea Shop later in the morning and discussed
national politics, tennis, golf, and the stock market. At the Coffee
Shop they talked about local politics, football, and fishing. Jake was
one of the few white collars allowed to frequent the Coffee Shop.
He was liked and accepted by the blue collars, most of whom at one
time or another had found their way to his office for a will, a deed, a
divorce, a defense, or any one of a thousand other problems. They
asked him to explain Supreme Court rulings and other legal oddities
during breakfast, and he gave a lot of free legal advice at the Coffee
Shop. They appreciated that. They didn’t always agree with him, but
they always got honest answers. They argued at times, but there
were never hard feelings.
31
He made his entrance at six, and it took five minutes to greet
everyone, shake hands, slap backs, and say smart things to the
waitresses. By the time he sat at his table his favorite girl, Dell, had
his coffee and regular breakfast of toast, jelly, and grits. He splashed
three drops of Tabasco on his grits and stirred them artfully with a
slice of butter. He covered the toast with a half inch of homemade
strawberry jelly. Once his food was properly prepared, he tasted the
coffee and started eating.
Meals
Learn the dialogue and reproduce it in pairs.
Jane: It’s nearly two o’clock and we haven’t eaten anything
since breakfast. Let’s go and have lunch somewhere before we do any
more shopping. There is no need for us to starve.
Robert: That’s exactly how I feel. There is a small Italian
restaurant on the other side of the street. Shall we try that?
J.: Yes, let’s. Oh, it smells good in here. It’ll be lovely to sit
down after our marathon this morning.
R.: There is a table for two in the corner. Sit down and have a
look at the menu and tell me whether there is anything worth ordering.
J.: There seem to be six different sauces to have with spaghetti
but they are all in Italian and I don’t recognize any of them. Oh, there
is a translation as well. You can have spaghetti with mushrooms and
chicken, with tomatoes and minced beef, with Parmesan cheese or
with lobster sauce. I’m going to try that.
R.: Lobster sauce? That sounds horrible. It’s a constant surprise
to me, what strange things people eat.
J.: You’ve never tried Japanese or Chinese food, have you?
R.: Not in this life.
J.: So, you’ll stick to fish and chips and an apple pie and custard, I
suppose.
R.: No, Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding with Brussels sprouts
and baked potatoes.
J.: It’s incredible to think that after all the effort I’ve made, you
are still so conservative about your food.
R.: I’m sorry,darling. Ah, here’s the waiter at last.
32
W.: Can I take your order, sir?
R.: Yes, of course. We’ll have one spaghetti with lobster sauce
and one roast beef and Yorkshire pudding.
W.: The roast beef is off, sir.
R.: Well. It’ll have to be fish, then. There’ll be chips with the
fish, I suppose, and not spaghetti.
W.: Oh, certainly, sir, if you wish.
J.: I hope you’ve got enough money to pay for the lunch, Robert.
R.: Oh, don’t worry. If there isn’t enough cash in my wallet,
we’ll use my credit card.
J.: They don’t take credit cards here. See the notice: “Cash only”.
Now we can only afford spaghetti and chips with the cash we have.
Notes
1. driveway – a road for vehicles that connects a private house or
garage with the street
2. Clanton – a town in central Alabama, the USA
3. deputy – (in the US) a person who has been appointed to help a sheriff
4. white-collar – of or being people who work in offices or at
professional jobs, rather than doing hard or dirty work with their hands
5. blue-collar – of or concerning workers who do hard or dirty
work with their hands
6. deed (legal) – a written and signed paper that is an official record
of an agreement, esp. an agreement concerning who owns property
33
Vocabulary
rule n 1. правило, норма, принцип
international rules in force действующие
нормы международного права generally
recognized rules of international law
общепризнанные нормы международ-
ного права
2. привычка, обычай stick to the rules
придерживаться правил; as a rule как
правило; to make it a rule взять за
правило; it is a rule with us у нас такое
правило (такой обычай)
3. критерий, стандарт rules of conduct
правила поведения
4. правление, владычество, господство
during the rule of George III во время
правления Георга III
5. pl. устав (общества) party rules устав
партии; there is no rule without an
exception нет правил без исключения
ruling n 1. управление
2. постановление, решение (суда,
председателя собрания) to ask for a
ruling просить председателя (судью)
вынести постановление
rule v 1. управлять, править;
господствовать to rule (over) the country
править страной; to rule with a heavy
hand править железной рукой; to rule the
market господствовать на рынке
2. царствовать, быть на троне
3. руководить the headmaster ruled the
school with a firm hand директор
установил в школе строгую
дисциплину
34
35
4. контролировать; управлять,
сдерживать to rule one’s actions
контролировать свои поступки
36
юрисконсульт; legal document правовой
документ; to take legal advice обращаться
за советом к юристу
37
2. судебный legal decision решение суда;
legal costs судебные издержки; to take
legal proceedings against smb начать
судебный процесс против кого-л.
3. законный, дозволенный of legal force
имеющий законную силу; legal owner
законный владелец; legal age совершенно-
летие
illegal adj незаконный, нелегальный,
противоправный, запрещённый
illegal act противозаконное действие
regular adj 1. правильный, красивый regular
features/teeth правильные черты
лица/ровные зубы
2. размеренный, нормальный regular life
правильный образ жизни; regular habits
размеренная жизнь; to come at regular
hours приходить в одно и то же время; to
keep regular hours вести размеренный
(правильный) образ жизни
3. обычный, привычный is it the regular
procedure? это обычная процедура?
regular passengers on this train обычные
для этого поезда пассажиры
4. постоянный a regular visitor/customer
постоянный посетитель/клиент; regular
travellers пассажиры с проездными
билетами; regular work постоянная
работа; regular lecturer штатный
преподаватель
regular n 1. постоянный посетитель, клиент;
постоянный сотрудник; he’s a
regular in this café он завсегдатай
этого кафе
38
frequent v часто посещать to frequent concerts часто
ходить на концерты; he no longer
frequents bars он уже не ходит по
барам
frequent adj частый he’s a frequent visitor in our house
он у нас частый гость; gales are
frequent here in winter зимой здесь
часто штормит; frequent pains частые
(повторяющиеся) боли; frequent sight
обычное зрелище; frequent disease
распространённая болезнь
39
advise v 1. советовать, рекомендовать to advise
smb to do smth; to advise smb on the
contrary советовать кому-л. не делать
чего-л.; to advise smb on a question дать
кому-л. совет по какому-л. вопросу
2. консультировать to advise on interior
decoration давать консультации по
оформлению интерьера
40
entrance n вход front entrance парадный вход; back
entrance чёрный вход; no entrance вход
воспрещён; entrance to a country въезд в
страну; to make an entrance to a café
войти в кафе; entrance to university
поступление в университет; entrance to
the college is by examination приём в
колледж только после сдачи экзаменов;
entrance fee входная плата; free entrance
to – свободный доступ (куда-л.)
41
agreeable adj 1. приятный, милый agreeable person
приятный человек; agreeable weather
хорошая погода; to make oneself
agreeable to smb стараться понравиться
кому-л.
2. согласный to be agreeable to smth/to
do smth – соглашаться на что-л.
agreement n 1. соглашение, договор a gentleman’s
agreement джентльменское соглашение
2. согласие, договорённость by mutual
agreement по взаимному согласию; in
agreement with smth в соответствии с
чем-л; to be in agreement with smb
соглашаться с кем-л.; to reach/to come
to/to make an agreement on/upon/about
smth with smb прийти к соглашению по
какому-л. вопросу с кем-л.
42
argument n 1. спор there was a heated argument;
разгорелся жаркий спор; let’s have no
argument давайте не будем спорить;
you’ve heard only one side of the argument
вы выслушали позицию только одной
стороны в этом споре
2. аргумент, довод weak/unconvincing
argument слабый/неубедительный довод;
his argument is that … он утверждает, что
…; I don’t follow your argument я не вижу
(улавливаю) связи в ваших доводах; I’m
open to argument я готов выслушать
другие мнения
Word combinations
43
Pattern: adore-adorable
1. For all these years Jim and Olive never saw one 1. regular
another once. But they used to write to one
another regularly.
2. She sat stiffly in the seat, obvious to the familiar 2. surround
______ that sped past.
3. At eight-thirty Ethel made her usual noisy 3. enter
______ downstairs.
4. The ______ manservant whom I had hoped never 4. agree
to see again, opened the door.
5. We had a small ______ at St. Denis. 5. argue
6. There was no ______ in our kind of marriage and 6. legal
therefore there could be no divorce.
7. It’s ______ your fault. 7. entire
8. She (Queen Victoria) was the first ______ to 8. rule
leave for a coronation from Buckingham Palace.
9. It is a pleasant little town. With a hotel that has 9. agree
always seemed to me very ______.
10. He gave her an ______ look. 10.adore
11. It was never ______ to copy. Only to attempt to 11.legal
sell the copy as real.
44
Exercises
V. Paraphrase or explain:
45
2. It was dark, clear, and cool with the promise of summer rapidly
approaching.
3. They argued at times, but there were never hard feelings.
4. When my mutton chop arrived, she took me quite seriously to
task.
5. I tried with all my might to will him to say no.
Once up, Jake did not permit himself to crawl back under the
covers.
Once his food was properly prepared, he tasted the coffee and
started eating.
46
завести разговор о политике, и его старший сын присоединялся
к обсуждению наиболее важных проблем. 5. Стоило ему дать
бесплатный юридический совет одному из завсегдатаев кафе, и
уже все остальные непременно хотели воспользоваться этой
ситуацией. 6. Раз уж он неукоснительно соблюдал законы, то
никакие гонорары, предложенные его клиентами, не могли
заставить его нарушить эти законы ради решения их проблем.
7. Раз уж он согласился на интервью до предварительного
слушания дела, то значит, он знает, что делает. 8. Уж если он
назначил встречу, то вам ничего не остаётся, как прийти и
рассказать ему всё, что знаете. 9. Раз обвиняемый признал себя
виновным, то нет необходимости продолжать допрашивать
свидетелей. 10. Стоило ему признаться, что он совершил это
убийство, и все остальные преступления были “повешены” на
него тоже.
47
f) ... he ate.
IX. Make up a vocabulary story using the following word
combinations:
48
XI. Fill in the prepositions or adverbs. Retell the text:
I was glad, too, because it was the first evening and we had
only been _____ a little while and the showing _____ the pictures
had taken time, when Maxim, looking _____ the clock, said it was
too late to change _____ dinner, so that I was spared the
embarrassment _____ Alice, the maid, asking what I should wear,
and _____ her helping me to dress, and myself walking _____ that
long flight _____ stairs _____ the hall, cold, with bare shoulders,
_____а dress that Mrs Van Hopper had given me because it did not
suit her daughter. I had dreaded the formality _____ dinner in that
austere dining-room, and now, _____ _____ the little fact that we
had not changed, it was quite all right, quite easy, just the same as
when we had dined together _____ restaurants. I was comfortable in
my stockinette dress, I laughed and talked _____ things we had seen
in Italy and France, we even had the snapshots _____ the table, and
Frith and the footman were impersonal people, as the waiters had
been; they did not stare _____ me as Mrs Danvers had done.
We sat _____ the library _____ dinner, and presently the
curtains were drawn, and more logs thrown _____ the fire; it was
cool _____ May, I was thankful _____ the warmth that came _____
the steady burning logs.
It was new _____ us to sit together like this, after dinner, for in
Italy we had wandered _____, walked or driven, gone _____ little
cafes, leant ____ bridges. Maxim made instinctively now _____ the
chair _____ the left _____ the open fireplace, and stretched _____
his hand _____ the papers. He settled one of the broad cushions
_____ his head, and lit a cigarette. “This is his routine.” I thought,
'this is what he always does: this has been his custom now _____
years.'
He did not look at me, he went _____ reading his paper,
contented, comfortable, having assumed his way _____ living, the
master _____ his house. And as I sat there, brooding, my chin
_____ my hands, fondling the soft ears _____ one _____ the
spaniels, it came _____ me that I was not the first one to lounge
there _____ possession _____ the chair, someone had been before
49
me, and surely left an imprint of her person __ the cushions, and
_____ the arm where her hand had rested. Another one had poured
the coffee _____ that same silver coffee pot, had placed the cup
_____ her lips, had bent _____ _____ the dog, even as I was doing.
Unconsciously, I shivered as though someone had opened the
door _____ me and let a draught _____ the room. I was sitting in
Rebecca's chair, I was leaning _____ Rebecca's cushion, and the
dog had come _____ me and laid his head _____ my knee because
that had been his custom, and he remembered, in the past, she had
given sugar _____ him there.
Frequent v; accept (3); adore (2); agree (2); advice, advise; argue
(2); legal; enter (2); promise v, n (3); regular adj, n; rule n, v (2);
silence (3), silent; surround (2); wear
A
1. The bar was ______ by actors from the nearby theatre. 2. The
blacks ______ him because he was Ozzie, one of their own. 3. The
child was covered with wet towels and ______ by crying relations. 4. It
was difficult to ______ Lucien's craziness. 5. That was one of the
great qualities of Anna-Luise: she never went back to a quarrel or back
on an ______ decision. 6. He made me ______ not to say a word till
Tim's return. 7. Ordinarily, she was apt to fall into ______ but during
this time she talked more than I had ever heard her talk before. 8.
"Give it up", Anna-Luise ______ me. " You don't owe him anything.
9. I pulled up a chair and ______ fell. 10. Mr A. Jones has pleasure in
______ Dr. Fisher's kind invitation. 11. Their clients were insurance
companies who generally preferred not to go to trial and would pay by
the hour for ______ maneuvering designed to keep the cases away
from the juries. 12. I've ______ with him till I was blue in the face.
13. He was a nice-looking boy, with his mother's ______ features and
dark hair. 14. Cold porridge hadn’t ______ with him. 15. I added
the ______ that two of us would soon be taking a snack there when
lunchtime came.
50
B
1. Dr. Fisher ______ them all as a man might ______ a donkey with a
whip in one hand and a carrot in the other. 2. "Another time", she
said, and the words were like the ______ of meeting at least once
again. 3. Perhaps it was to change the subject that she then referred
directly to my plastic hand over which I always ______ a glove to
hide the ugliness. 4. The cafe was instantly ______ as everyone
looked at the lawyer. 5. Carl Lee stood at the foot of the bed, subdued,
motionless, unable to do anything but stare blankly at the small figure
______ by machines, tubes, and nurses. 6. One of the men we had
paid the day before got up from his chair as we ______. 7. I loved her
so much. I was willing to bear anything. I ______ her. 8. “How absurd
we are”, Anna-Luise _____, “what on earth can he do to us?” 9.
Along with the preaching he also freely dispensed. _____ on Jane's
cases. 10. He detected a certain coolness among some of the______.
He ate quickly and left. 11. Without hesitation Looney ______ the
apology. 12. She was leaving him by ______ a region into which he
couldn’t follow her. 13. Within a minute or two to my wonder they
were all eating in ______ and with a grim intensity. 14. But death, I
was to argue later, annuls ______. 15. I’m not sure it’s quite in
accordance with my ______ but I’ll let it pass.
51
допустимую норму. 12. В это кафе часто захаживали актёры
из театра, находящегося неподалёку. 13. Их разговор был
прерван появлением четырёх посетителей. 14. Мы здесь для
того, чтобы обсудить, как предотвратить очередное
преступление. 15. Вчера у нас развернулась горячая
дискуссия по поводу принятия их предложения. 16.
Владельцы судна отказываются признать ответственность за
происшествие. 17. По совету врачей я раньше времени ухожу
на пенсию. 18. Жизненные взгляды подростков и родителей
редко совпадают. 19. Они сумели договориться о дне
свадьбы. 20. У нас была договорённость о том, что он будет
меня информировать о любых изменениях. 21 Они спорили о
том, как потратить деньги. 22. Спор был о том, кто повезёт
собаку к ветеринару. 23. Они уговорили меня купить новый
пиджак.
52
предложил поехать куда-нибудь на выходные, и она сразу же
согласилась. 20. Ваш рассказ противоречит тому, что
рассказали нам в полиции. 21. Какой приятный молодой
человек! 22. Он принял это предложение без единого
возражения. 23. Совершенно бесспорно, что он сделает всё,
что в его силах.
53
Focus on Speech and Composition
XIX. Describe the working day of a clerk. Use the following office
timetable (in a humorous way):
54
XX. Complete the story using the following word
combinations:
Miss March got back into bed, plumped her pillows up, glanced
at her clock, half-past seven, picked up the small devotional book that
always accompanied her, and read as usual the page and a half allotted
to the day. Then she picked up her knitting and began to knit, slowly at
first, since her fingers were stiff and rheumatic when she first awoke,
but very soon her pace grew faster, and her fingers lost their painful
stiffness.
"Another day", said Miss March to herself, greeting the fact with
her usual gentle pleasure. Another day - and who knew what it might
bring forth?
Pick out word combinations, which you will use to describe your
day off.
1. Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
2. We are what we eat.
55
XXII. Have you ever had a misunderstanding about food? Have
you ever had a problem eating at someone’s house, or buying
food at a supermarket, or ordering food at a restaurant? Write
about your experience.
1. “American food like burgers and cola is taking over the world.
It’s time we remembered our own national dishes.”
2. “Cooking and eating is a waste of time. Life will be perfect
when we can swallow a few pills instead of eating food.”
3. “TV advertisements for crisps, chocolate bars and fizzy drinks
should be banned.”
56
Focus on Grammar.
Table 1
Present
1. If the car (be) out of order again, you (have to) call the service
station, but I doubt if they (be able to) serve it very quickly. 2.
Nobody (know) what (happen) in ten or twenty years if life (get)
tougher and tougher. 3. I wonder if they (turn) to us if any need
(arise). 4. My little son (want) to know if there (be) some cartoons
on TV on Saturday. If there (be) some, he certainly (watch) them. 5.
Everybody (be interested) if the weather (change) for the better next
week. 6.I (leave) a message at the office in case the customer
(phone). But it's difficult to say if he (do) it today. 7. He (wonder) if
Caroline (change) her mind about going to the party. If that
57
(happen), he'll be really glad. 8. Nobody can definitely tell us when
he (come) back from London. But as soon as he (return), we (get in
touch) with him. 9. — If Linda (want) to learn Italian, she (have to)
attend a special course. — I wonder if it (cost) her a lot. 10. We
(have) a meeting this week, provided no one (object). 11. I (be)
always by your side as long as you (promise) to listen to me. 12.
(Not speak) to her unless she (speak) to you first.
58
III. Translate into English.
A
1. Что бы ни случилось, мой босс никогда не теряет
хладнокровия (to lose one’s control). 2. Эти телевизионные
новости дают точные и верные сведения. 3. Всё, что ты
делаешь, зависит от тебя. 4. Каждое лето Олег ездит в
экспедицию и привозит много находок. 5. Он игнорирует наши
звонки, потому, что не хочет выполнять эту работу.
B
1. – Он не получит эту работу, если не представит
рекомендации. – Хотелось бы знать, сможет ли он представить
их вовремя. 2. – Она будет в ярости, если узнает правду. – Я
сомневаюсь, узнает ли она её. 3. Если какой-нибудь новый
вирус попадёт в наши компьютеры, то он заблокирует всю
информацию. 4. Если я сделаю неверный шаг, мне придётся
отвечать за это. 5. Как только детектив получит
компрометирующие сведения, он свяжется с вами, мистер
Ричардс.
C
1. – Сколько времени ты набирал этот текст на компьютере? – Я
работал два часа. 2. Они были партнёрами, но затем
расстались, так как больше не доверяли друг другу. 3. –
Прошлым летом часто шёл дождь, не правда ли? – Да, но как
правило, летом здесь редко идёт дождь. 4. На прошлой неделе
шёл сильный снег, и мы не могли сразу открыть дверь гаража.
5. – Кто ходил вчера за покупками? – Мама сделала это.
59
Reported Speech
Table 2
60
Table 3
1. He wondered if/whether
she liked sea food.
1. Does she like sea
2. He asked me if/whether I
2. General questions
food?
was in low spirits.
2. Are you in low spirits?
3. He wanted to know if the
3. Were the waiters very
waiters were/had been
rude?
very rude.
4. Did you have a nice
4. He asked if/whether I had
time?
had a nice time.
5. Will she be happy?
5. He wondered if/whether
she would be happy.
1. “How old is she?” he 1. He asked me how old she
asked me. was.
2. “What time are we 2. The boy wanted to know
3. Special questions
61
3.When are you leaving? (I want to know ...)
4. Did he tell the truth? (I doubt ...)
5.Where is the nearest swimming pool? (Could you tell me ...)
6.Who left that message on our answerphone? (She wondered ...)
7.What time are they due to arrive? (He wanted to know ...)
62
8. He said, "I will cancel my dorm contract at the end of the
semester."
9. He said, "Is that okay?"
10. I said, "I'm looking forward to having you as a roommate."
63
IX. Report the dialogues:
A
B
“I expect I shall manage. Cousin Mildred is fearfully easy to
deceive. It's arranged I'm to come up for classes and things.
There's a place called World of Today. They take you to lectures
and to museums and to picture galleries and the House of Lords,
and all that. The whole point is that nobody will know whether
you're where you ought to be or not! We'll manage lots of things.”
C
"You're happy there?"
"I don't know yet. I've barely got there. They're all very dull. I
really wanted to know how much money I've got."
"So it's financial information you really want?"
64
"Yes," said Elvira. "I've got some money, I know. Is it a lot?"
Egerton was serious now. "Yes," he said. "You've got a lot of
money. Your father was a very rich man. You were his only child.
When he died, the title and the estate went to a cousin. He didn't like
the cousin, so he left all his personal property, which was
considerable, to his daughter—to уоu, Elvira. You're a very rich
woman, or will be, when you are twenty-one."
"You mean I am not rich now?"
"Yes," said Egerton, "you're rich now, but the money is not
yours to dispose of until you are twenty-one or marry. Until that
time it is in the hands of your trustees, Luscombe, myself and
another." He smiled at her. "We haven't embezzled it or anything
like that. It's still there. In fact, we've increased your capital
considerably by investments."
"How much will I have?"
"At the age of twenty-one or upon your marriage, you will
come into a sum which at a rough estimate would amount to six or
seven hundred thousand pounds."
"That is a lot," said Elvira, impressed.
"Yes, it is a lot. Probably it is because it is such a lot, that
nobody has ever talked to you about it much."
"Look, here, Freddie," he said, "I know the law and you
don't. You're in a nasty jam. I'll do my best to get you out of it, but
it's going to cost уоu a bit. I doubt if they'd settle for less than
twelve thousand."
"Twelve thousand!"The unfortunate Freddie was aghast "Oh,
I say! I haven't got it, Richard."
"Well, you'll have to raise it then. There are always ways and
means. If she settles for twelve thousand, you'll be lucky, if you fight
the case, it'll:cost you a lot more."
"You lawyers!" said Freddie. "Sharks, all of you!"
65
Articles with nouns denoting food.
66
XI. Fill in articles where necessary.
1. She went into the kitchen to fix ___ cold lunch. 2. She had
no appetite for ___ delicious dinner which Cora had cooked. 3.
The guests began arriving for ___ wedding dinner. 4. I won't eat
___ breakfast, it's burnt again. 5. ___ free brunch is offered to
children in Disneyland. 6. We took ___ set-dinner which cost ten
pounds. 7. This is a serious matter, let's discuss it after ___ dinner.
8. What would you like to have for ___ lunch, my dear? 9. Many
celebrities were present at ___ dinner in the White House. 10.
Well, children, sit to table, ___ dinner is ready. 11. What about
___ lunch? I'm dying for a cup of tea. 12. What ___ mouthwatering
supper! 13. They organized ___ charity dinner for the homeless.
14. Do you have ___ lunch at the office or at the bistro nearby? 15.
The University gave ___ farewell dinner to the graduates. 16. ___
supper which she cooked was uneatable. 17. Now I must rush to
the kitchen and have a look at ___ dinner. 18. Stephen cooked ___
delicious meal for us last night. 19. In many countries ___ main
meal is eaten in the middle of the day. 20. On the first day of the
vacation we all slept late and then had ___ huge brunch. 21. They
had ___ intimate little breakfast for two.
67
UNIT 3
Lead in: Before reading the text answer the following questions:
68
Saturday morning is the best time for shopping as you can
spend as much time on it as you want.
As for Saturday evening it is the favourite time for organizing
parties, going to the pictures, clubs or pubs. Pubs are special English
institutions with characteristic traditional image: a low ceiling
supported by old oak trunks, a burning fire and a bar. There is a
general atmosphere of calmness and warmth there. Comfort is
essential since people don’t come here just for a quick drink, they
stay in the pub for some hours talking to friends, discussing local
events and from time to time they take a sip – for Englishmen don’t
swallow their drinks – and then put down the mug to continue the
conversation. Every country has its drinking habits and its national
drink. In England beer can be called the national drink.
Having gone to bed late the night before, many people prefer a
lie-in on Sunday morning. Some prefer to have breakfast in bed but
it depends on the fact whether there is someone willing to prepare
and serve it. While having breakfast Englishmen like to read Sunday
papers. There are several of them published on Sunday, though they
vary greatly in their ways of news presenting. There are serious
papers for those who want to know about important events all over
the world as well as domestic news. Alongside with these papers
there are the so-called popular newspapers for those who prefer
entertainment to information.
If the weather is fine on Sunday, people may decide to go out
and spend the day in the park. Londoners do not have to go far to
find green lawns and flowers for London is rich in parks and
gardens.
But the weather in England is so changeable that it has
become a favourite topic for discussion and tradition to start any
conversation with different remarks about the weather.
Dialogue
69
- You’re sure there is nobody coming to see us?
- No, I don’t think there is.
- And there is nothing you want me to listen to on the wireless?
- I’m sure there isn’t!
- Then will it be all right for me to go round to the club?
- Oh, yes, I should think so.
- It’s a long time since I went.
- I suppose it is.
- The chaps are wondering what’s happened to me.
- I suppose they must be.
- I’d like a game of billiards with the chaps.
- I expect you would.
- I’m fond of billiards.
- Yes, I know you are.
- I get out of practice if I stay away too long.
- I dare say you do.
- Besides, didn’t Bennet telephone last week and ask me to have
a game?
- Now you mention it, I believe he did.
- So you won’t mind if I go off just for this evening, will you?
- Of course I won’t.
- I’ll go up and change.
Memory work
THOSE EVENING BELLS
70
And so ‘twill be when I am gone:
That tuneful peal will still ring on,
While other bards will walk these dells,
And sing your praise, sweet evening bells!
Thomas
Moore
Vocabulary
71
much to be desired это оставляет желать
много лучшего; take it or leave it как
хотите, воля ваша
2. оставлять; завещать he left
everything to his wife он
оставил/завещал все жене; syn.
bequeath
3. оставаться there is no time left у нас
нет времени
4. уходить, уезжать we are leaving for
London tomorrow
5. пропустить, упустить you’ve left
out a whole sentence ты пропустил
целое предложение
leave n отпуск he is on leave; he took 3 months
leave; phr. take French leave уйти не
прощаясь, «по-английски»
72
мне бы и в голову не пришло спросить
его об этом
dream n сон, мечта, греза have a bad dream
страшный сон; it’s my dream to become
a famous lawyer; phr. my dream girl
девушка моей мечты
dreamer n мечтатель
73
achieved his aim by a piece of jobbery он
добился своего всеми правдами и
неправдами
jobbing adj непостоянный, приходящий a jobbing
cook
jobless adj безработный syn. unemployed
74
domestic adj 1. семейный; домашний she has some
domestic problems; cats and dogs are
domestic animals
2. внутренний domestic affairs of the
country; ant. foreign
75
believed to be in Paris; believe in God
верить в бога
believer n верующий
belief n вера; убеждение I haven’t much belief
in his promises; it’s beyond belief просто
невероятно
Word combinations
Exercises
76
8. How do men spend their weekends at home?
9. Why is Saturday morning considered the best time for
shopping?
10. How is Saturday evening spent?
11. What is so essential about the pubs?
12. Why do the Englishmen like to spend their free time in pubs?
13. How do people prefer to spend their Sunday morning?
14. What types of newspapers are published on Sunday?
15. Where do the people go if the weather is fine?
16. Why is weather a favourite topic for conversation?
II. Find in the text the English for the following and use them in
sentences of your own.
Rest, leave, wish, dream, live, breathe, stay, catch, try, fail, spend,
take, swallow, prefer, serve, read, become.
77
IV. Study the following and add as many names of the countries,
nations and languages to the list as you can. Consult a
dictionary.
VI. Form nouns from the following verbs adding the noun-
forming suffixes – ion, - tion, - sion. Consult a dictionary.
78
по душе; всем сердцем; у неё золотое сердце; принять близко к
сердцу; не хватило сил отказаться; выплакаться; упасть духом;
сердце замерло; душа ушла в пятки; разговор по душам; в
центре Европы; убитый горем.
Trouble Spot
leave – forget
expect – wait
79
IX. Study the following combinations and use 3-5 of them in one
situation.
80
XI. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from your active
vocabulary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
Failure; consequently; dream n; fail; event (2); job (2); prefer (2);
rest n; rest v; change v; changeable; jobless; heart; leave v;
depend; believe; wish; uneventfully; dream v (2); discussion (2).
1. I won’t press you to go back there at all ______, just now but you
must promise me to take a good ______ when your vacation begins
this summer. 2. But I want you to remember one thing: if you get
into trouble over this, if you die, you will break my ______. 3.
______ in answer to his letter Arthur received a check to cover his
expenses and a cold permission to do as he ______ about his
holidays. 4. When Arthur had ______ his wet socks and came down
to breakfast he found the child seated on the Padre’s knee. 5. The
roses hung their heads and ______ under the still September clouds
and the water splashed and murmured softly among the pebbles of
the shore. 6. The autumn and winter passed ______, following the
usual routine. 7. When the lecture and the long ______ which
followed it were finished, he went up to Gemma who was still
sitting in the corner of the room. 8. Look here, we had better
______ this subject alone, you are always intolerant when you talk
about Protestants. 9. The conversation soon drifted into a ______ of
university regulations, a burning question of that day. 10. I can well
______ it; he is a man whom no one can ______ to admire, a most
noble and beautiful nature. 11. He hadn’t bothered to take the
______ at the bank, because there was so much he had to do before
the wedding that a new ______ would really be a problem. 12. But
he didn’t want to tell Sarah what he thought about her husband, he
______ to keep silence on the matter. 13. Jane promised she would
go home at the end of the afternoon, ______ and recover from the
days excitement. 14. She finally understood that her marriage to
Freddie was a ______; a source of endless grief and disappointment.
15. Peter and Jane planned to spend the weekend in Southampton
for the big ______. 16. Though she was 25 already, she fully
______ on her father and mother. 17. For the last five-six months
Freddie’s mood has become so ______ that Sarah didn’t know how
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to behave. 18. The greeting was over till the evening when the
younger men returned from their labour on the farms and the
______ from their hunting for food. 19. “There is nothing the matter
with me. The colonel will tell you so if you ask him”. “I ______ to
form my own conclusions”, Montanelli answered quietly. 20.
“Arthur, is it really you? I have ______ so often that you had come
back to me; and then have woken and seen only the darkness. How
can I know I shall not wake again and find it all a ______?”
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я не буду выдвигать обвинение против моего соседа, я
предпочитаю договориться с ним. 22. Если вы хотите изменить
свой вес, вам следует придерживаться диеты. 23. Я полагаю,
что вы можете решить эту проблему самостоятельно. 24. Только
бессердечная женщина могла оставить такого маленького
ребенка одного.
XIV. Render the text into English, using your active vocabulary.
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беседу на тему дня. Они начнут высказываться по поводу того,
что их интересует или беспокоит на данный момент, как будто
они знают друг друга целую вечность.
Посадите двух англичан в одно купе и вы получите
неловкую ситуацию. Они будут разглядывать свою обувь,
смотреть в окно и делать все, что угодно, но не разговаривать.
Единственное, что они могут сделать, это высказаться по
поводу погоды.
Не только Англия, но каждый англичанин это остров,
изолированный от других. И надежная защита против
незнакомцев, встречает ли он их в поезде, на вечеринке или в
каком-либо общественном месте – это погода со всеми ее
неожиданностями.
Упаси нас господь от того, чтобы наша страна вдруг
превратилась в Сахару с вечно светящим солнцем или в
тропический лес с непрекращающимися дождями! Что же
будут делать англичане, чтобы удержать «врага» на расстоянии.
Не может же он начать беседу с незнакомцем словами:
«Моя жена покинула меня сегодня!» или «Меня только что
уволили, а как ваши дела?» Это будет слишком неловко, не по-
английски.
Те же итальянцы и американцы приветствуют друг друга
очень шумно. Англичане ненавидят это. Они предпочитают
просто кивнуть. Они чувствуют себя неловко, если
оказываются в центре внимания. В общем, англичане не любят
проявлять свои эмоции и чувства.
Ben: I can never make out which is a custom and which is a habit.
Mr. S.: You see, Ben, a habit is something that a person has been
doing for a long time.
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Ben: Then I always look up new English words in my dictionary.
Can I say that’s a habit?
Mr. S.: Yes, it’s a good thing to make a habit of looking up words in
a dictionary.
Ben: And what about a custom?
Mr. S.: Custom is something that belongs to a large number of
people of the same group or religion: for example Christians or
Moslems.
Ben: Oh, now I see.
Mr. S.: Well, it’s the custom of Moslems to fast during the month of
Ramadan.
Ben: Is there any time when it’s the custom of Christians to fast?
Mr. S.: Of course, there is Lent. Fasting in Lent often means going
without meat.
Ben: And when is Lent? Is it before Christmas?
Mr. S.: No, Lent is forty days before Easter.
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Focus on Grammar
Table 1
to be + Participle I
Present 1. an action happening at the signals
moment of speaking
2. a future planned action
3. a temporary action
1. Mother is in the kitchen. She now, still at the
is making the birthday cake. moment, today, this
2. We are having a party next week
week.
3. Sally is staying with her sister
until she finds a suitable flat.
Past an action going on at a definite another action in the
period in the past past; from 5 till 7;
the whole day
1. When I came, they were
having dinner.
2. I was watching TV the whole
evening yesterday.
Future an action which will be going on at this time next week;
a definite period in the future at 5 o’clock
tomorrow
1. Don’t call me at 7. I’ll be
fixing my car at that time.
2. At this time tomorrow I’ll be
approaching London.
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I. Open the brackets using present continuous or
present indefinite.
1. The man who (to speak) with my brother (to be) our neighbour
who (to live) across the street. 2. Don’t enter the laboratory. Ken (to
develop) the pictures and he (to hate) to be disturbed. 3. You (to go)
to the University? I can give you a lift. 4. Stop smoking, will you.
The room (to be) full of smoke that (to come) from your pipe. 5.
Actions (to speak) louder than words. 6. The orchestra (to play) in
the park. There (to be) a lot of people there. They (to listen) to the
music but they (not to dance), they just (to have) a good time. 7.
Every star (to have) its own orbit. 8. The delegation of English
actors (to arrive) by plane tomorrow morning. It (to arrive) at
Sheremetyevo Airport, all foreign planes as a rule (to land) there. 9.
Let’s go to the coffee shop across the street. There (not to be) many
people there, only 5 or 6 people (to wait) for their turn, others (to
sit) there and (to drink) coffee, tea and juices. 10. Usually I (to go)
to college by metro, but today I (to go) by bus.
87
III. Open the brackets using past continuous or past
indefinite.
1. The storm grew worse and worse and the little boy (not to see)
where he (to go). 2. Miss Marple’s telephone suddenly (to ring)
when she (to dress) to go to the Lloyds’. 3. Arthur (to enter) the
room where Jemma (to wait) for him at the tea table. 4. She
constantly (to ask) me to lunch and dine with her and once or twice
a year (to invite) me to spend a week-end at her house in the
country. 5. During dinner while Andrew (to chew) a piece of cold
meat, Mrs. Page (to help) herself to wine and a hot beefsteak. 6.
Andrew (to write) out the prescription when the surgery bell (to
ring) and presently a short man (to enter). 7. Gretta (to have) the
feeling that everyone (to look) at her and she (to lower) her eyes. 8.
When Jack (to return) home, his wife (to tell) him that a young lady
(to wait) for him. 9. Poirot (not to answer), he (to look) thoughtfully
at the man. He (to look) at the firm jaw, the narrow head. 10. It (to
be) warm and cosy in the kitchen when he (to walk) in. Madam
Perier (to cook), her husband (to read) a newspaper, Annette (to
darn) stockings.
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когда зазвонил телефон. Этот утренний звонок разволновал
всех. 10. Вдруг, когда уже не оставалось никакой надежды на
спасение, люди на тонущем корабле заметили темную точку,
которая приближалась к ним.
1. When I (to open) the door I (to find) the housemaids in doing the
room, one (to sweep) the floor, the other (to dust) the furniture. 2.
The woman who (to speak) with Anna in the park (to be) our
neighbour who (to live) in the next block of flats. 3. He (to pause)
and (to look) at her. “You (to shake). Are you all right?” 4. I (to
meet) Jason at his office next week. You (to join) us? 5. During long
winter evenings my mother used (to sit) near the fire-place and (to
knit), while I (to do) my lessons or (to read). 6. It (to be) easier
when you (to go) away. You (not to see) each other every day. 7. I
(to have) some people in after dinner tonight. You (to come)? 8. She
(to be) very anxious not to approach him directly since she (not to
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want) to give any importance to the question she (to go) to ask him.
9. According to the letter she (not to stay) long. You (to like) her, I
am sure. She (to be) very direct and if she (not to like) you she (to
tell) you it, to your face. 10. At this time tomorrow we (to cross)
French border and I hope it (not to take) us long to reach Paris. 11.
She (to open) the door slowly and (to look) at Miss Tredgold who
(to read) at her desk. 12. I think, she (to try) to lose weight. She
always (to have) light suppers. 13. The doctor (not to see) the
patients today. He has been called away. 14. He (to glance) my way
to see if I (to listen). 15. I (to write) a letter to my pen-friend who
(to live) in England. I (to write) to him very often because for me it
(to be) a way of mastering English. 16. She (to get) up, (to take) a
bath which (to feel) heavenly after a long ride on the train, (to dress)
in a fresh cotton dress and (to go) to join her parents. 17. Tomorrow,
ladies, between nine and twelve you (to write) the Latin paper and
in the afternoon between three and six you (to translate) an article
from a newspaper. 18. When I (to look) out of the window it (to
rain) hard and I (to decide) to stay in. 19. She (to stay) with us as
long as her family can do without her. 20. While we (to eat) our
sandwiches and (to drink) tea Kathy (to smile) at me and (to ask):
“Well, you (to enjoy) the book?” 21. Presently the captain
announced in a duty voice: “This time tomorrow we (to arrive) at
the headquarters.” 22. It is harvest time now and if you (to go) to the
vineyards tomorrow, the farmers (to work) there. 23. I (to find) the
old man in the yard. He (to talk) to some of our neighbours who (to
stand) around him and (to listen) to his story. 24. While he (to stand)
there irresolute the door (to open) and his step-brother (to come)
out. 25. “I do love you,” she (to whisper) across the table at him,
terrified by what she (to say) as much as by what she (to feel).
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5. Я провел утро в саду, читая и выписывая интересные слова и
словосочетания. 6. Пассажиры, путешествующие без билета на
общественном транспорте, могут быть оштрафованы. 7.
Мальчик, плачущий в углу, наказан за непослушание. 8.
Подойдя ближе, я обнаружил, что дверь полуоткрыта, и в
коридоре горит свет. 9. Говорят, что мужчины курящие сигары,
живут дольше, чем те, кто курит сигареты. 10. Видишь девочку,
рисующую на асфальте? Она принимала участие в конкурсе
детского рисунка. 11. Шерлоку Холмсу удалось разгадать тайну
пляшущих человечков. 12. Колонны, поддерживающие балкон,
были построены очень давно. 13. Человек, мечтающий об
успешной карьере, должен много заниматься и получить
глубокие знания в институте. 14. Ребенок, постоянно
слушающий музыку через наушники, может повредить свой
слух. 15. Старик, просящий милостыню на улицах Парижа,
когда-то был успешным музыкантом. 16. Картина, висящая на
противоположной стене, привлекает всеобщее внимание. 17.
Молодой человек, ожидающий кого-то у нашего подъезда, все
время смотрит на наши окна. 18. Книги, стоящие на этой полке,
очень редкие и ценные. 19. Человек, тратящий все свои деньги
на еду и одежду, не может быть разумным. 20. Молодые люди,
посещающие ночные клубы и бары, не могут просыпаться
рано.
Table 2
91
Don’t disturb him unless it is necessary.
92
Ways of expressing a future planned or intended action in
Modern English.
Table 3
1. Future Continuous
I’ll be soon doing computer courses
2. Present Continuous
We are giving a house-warming party next week.
3. be going to do
I’m going to watch a football match this evening.
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язык, т.к. он хочет поехать работать в Южную Америку. 17. Мы
встречаемся у входа в метро, т.к. не все знают, где живет Нина.
18. Мы все запланировали на следующие три дня: в
понедельник мы едем в Оксфорд, во вторник встречаемся с
нашими коллегами, а в среду принимаем участие в научной
конференции. 19. Я больше не могу лгать. Я собираюсь
рассказать им всю правду. 20. Я не работаю завтра, поэтому мы
можем пойти куда-нибудь.
Trouble Spot
Uncountable Nouns
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UNIT 4
FAMILY LIFE
Lead in: Before reading the text answer the following questions:
Jewels
(an Excerpt)
The air was so still in the brilliant summer sun that you could
hear the birds, and every sound for miles, as Sarah sat peacefully
looking out of the window.
Suddenly she looked down at her hands, and it still startled her
to see the hands of an old woman. They were still beautiful hands,
graceful hands, useful hands, thank God, but they were the hands of
a seventy-five-year-old woman. She had lived well and long; too
long without Wiliam, her husband. She was grateful for the years
she had had, and even now, she didn’t have the sense that anything
was over, or complete yet. There was always some unexpected turn
in the road, some event that couldn’t have been forseen, and
somehow needed her attention. It was odd to think that her children
still needed her, turned to her often enough to make her feel
95
important to them and somehow useful. And there were their
children too.
Sarah walked slowly away from the window, past the fireplace
where she often sat on cold winter afternoons, thinking, writing
notes, or even writing a letter to one of her children. She spoke to
them frequently on the telephone, in Paris, London or Rome. She
picked up a photo and looked at it. It was a wedding photo. She
wore a lace-and-satin dress, with a very stylish lace hat. They had
been married at her parents’ home, at a small ceremony, with her
parents’ favourite friends. She stood looking at the photographs for
a long time, touching the moments, thinking of each of them,
refreshing the memories. She sighed as she walked away and went
back to stand at the long French windows.
She was graceful, and tall, her back very straight, her head
held with the pride and elegance of a dancer. Her hair was snow-
white, though it had once shone like ebony; her huge, green eyes
were the same deep, dark color as her emeralds. Of her children,
only Isabelle had those eyes. But none of them had her strength and
style, none of them had the determination, the power to survive she
had had. Their lives had been easier than hers had been, and for that,
in some ways, she was very grateful.
Dialogue
96
- But he looks so strange. So very tall, with a small head flat at the
top, too large green eyes, big ears and that long sharp nose of his.
Besides he looks old for his age.
- Oh, you are exaggerating things. True, he's a bit too tall but his big
green eyes are clever, intelligent eyes.
- But his face is so ugly. And complexion…terrible!
- Why, I like his face: there's something awfully nice about it. He
isn't ugly at all, especially when he smiles and shows those perfect
white teeth of his.
- I thought Ella would choose Henry. He is serious and handsome.
They would make such a nice couple.
- I 'll never agree with you. Henry is good-looking, indeed, but
there's something unkind in the look of his grey eyes. I always feel
uncomfortable when he looks at me. It's wise of your daughter that
she has chosen John. Remember: appearances are deceptive, a fair
face may hide a foul soul.
- Now that you have explained me everything I feel much better.
You are right, appearances may be deceptive and moreover tastes
differ.
Vocabulary
97
startling adj поразительный, потрясающий; startling
events потрясающие события; startling
statements сенсационные заявления;
startling rumours ошеломляющие слухи
98
president’s wife was gracious to all супруга
президента была любезна со всеми; phr.
Good gracious! Господи! Боже мой!
99
4. fig. he has taken leave / is out of his
senses он совсем потерял рассудок; she is
frightened out of her senses она напугана
до смерти
sense v чувствовать, почувствовать; he sensed
some danger он почувствовал опасность
senseless adj it is a sensless action это бессмысленный
поступок; senseless talk бессмыслица,
чушь
sensible adj разумный; a sensible person разумный
человек; the sensible thing to do would be
самое разумное было бы; to wear sensible
clothes одеться как следует / подобающе
sensitive adj чувствительный; восприимчивый;
sensitive to criticism чувствительный к
критике; he has a sensitive nature у него
тонкая натура; she is very sensitive about
her figure она очень страдает из-за своей
фиругы; fig. a sensitive spot уязвимое
место
sensitivity n чувствительность
100
attention n 1. внимание; to listen with attention
слушать внимательно; to attract / distract
smb’s attention привлекать / отвлекать
чье-л внимание; he drew my attention to
the picture он обратил мое внимание на
эту картину; pay no attention to what he
says не обращай внимания на то, что он
говорит; a pretty girl gets lots of attention
хорошенькие девушки избалованы
вниманием
2. уход; this plant needs daily attention это
растение требует ежедневного ухода
3. воен. to stand at attention стоять смирно
attentive adj внимательный; an attentive audience
внимательная публика; he is attentive to
his mother он внимателен к матери; he is
very attentive to his studies он очень
добросовестно относится к своим
занятиям
101
oddly adv странно; oddly enough как ни странно;
they are oddly like each other они до
странности похожи друг на друга
odds n 1. ставки; to lay odds of two to one on
smth ставить два против одного на что-л
2. шансы; the odds were in our favour
шансы были в нашу пользу /
преимущество было на нашей стороне;
the odds were against us обстоятельства
сложились против нас; we must fight,
whatever the odds надо бороться,
несмотря ни на что
3. phr. it makes no odds (to me) это не
меняет дела; his actions are at odds with
what he says у него слово расходится с
делом; odds and ends остатки; обрезки; I
brought only a few odds and ends я взял с
собой только кое-какие мелочи
102
pick yiour brains on this matter? что ты мне
посоветуешь по этому делу? to pick a lock
открыть замок отмычкой
103
favourite adj любимый; my favourite book моя
любимая книга
104
family он гордость семьи; he pocketed his
pride and apologized он поборол свою
гордость и извинился; he takes pride in his
garden он гордится своим садом; she takes
no pride in her appearance он не очень
заботится о своей внешности
pride v he prides himself on his English он
гордится своим знанием английского
proud adj гордый; надменный; I am proud to work
with him я горд, что работаю с ним; to be
proud of smb / smth гордитсья кем-л / чем-
л; it was a proud day for us это был
торжественный день для нас
105
умственные способности; his powers are
failing его силы убывают; I’ll do
everything in my power я сделаю все, что
в моих силах; that’s beyond his power это
ему не по силам
2. сила; мощь; the power of a blow сила
удара; the power of persuasion сила
убеждения; the power of imagination сила
воображения; the military power of the
country военная мощь страны; the power
of an explosion мощность взрыва
3. власть, полномочие; to come to power
прийти к власти; to seize power захватить
власть; the powers of parliament / of the
president полномочия парламента /
президента; emergency powers
чрезвычай-ные полномочия; the power of
veto право вето; юр. I gave him power of
attorney я назначил его своим
поверенным; the great powers великие
державы
4. энергия, сила; nuclear / electric power
атомная энергия / электроэнергия; horse
power лошадиная сила; the power of an
engine мощность мотора; the power has
been cut off электричество отключили
powered adj the plane is powered by 4 jet engines у
этого самолета четыре реактивных
двигателя
powerful adj сильный, могучий; мощный; a powerful
man сильный человек; powerful shoulders
могучие плечи; a powerful blow мощный /
сильный удар; a powerful state
могущественное государство; a powerful
drug сильнодействующее лекарство;
powerful emotions сильные эмоции; ant.
powerless
106
survive v пережить; he survived all his
contemporaries он пережил всех своих
ровесников; he survived his illness он
выздоровел; he is survived by two children
он оставил двоих детей; only six people
survived the crash только шесть человек
остались в живых после аварии; this
custom still survives этот обычай еще
существует; don’t worry; he’ll survive не
волнуйся, он сумеет выкарабкаться
survivor n there were no survivors никто не остался в
живых / уцелел
Word combinations.
107
Exercises
II. Pick out words and word combinations from the text and
dialogue referring to a person’s appearance.
IV. Study the dialogue and translate the following sentences into
English.
108
совсем не страшный, особенно когда смеется и видны его
ровные белые зубы. 8. Мне всегда неловко, когда он на меня
смотрит. 9. Со стороны твоей дочери было разумно выбрать
Джона. 10. Внешность обманчива. 11. Красивое лицо может
скрывать гадкую душонку. 12. О вкусах не спорят.
Focus on Wordbuilding
1. What does she look ______? She looks ______ very kind. 2.
Who's she ______? She's ______ her mother. 3. What's he ______?
He's ______ lovely! 4. Who does he look ______? He looks ______
his brother. 5. He's very ______ his brother. 6. Have you met the
new boss? What's he ______? 7. She is red-haired and grey-eyed,
she looks ______ her mother. 8. He looks ______ a banker. 9. At
last he felt ______ a real soldier. 10. He crawled out of the hut on
his belly, ______ a snake.
1. Mary feels ______ (bad) about her test grade. 2. Please, shut the
door ______ (quiet). 3. Don't go up that ladder. It doesn't look
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______ (safe). 4. The food in the restaurant always tastes ______
(good). 5. Drive ______ (careful)! 6. Can you be ______ (quiet),
please? 7. He looked at me ______ (angry) when I interrupted him.
8. The campers remained ______ (calm) despite the thunderstorm.
9. Your cold sounds ______ (terrrible). 10. Do you feel (nervous)
berfore examinations? 11. Hurry up! You're always so ______
(slow). 12. Susan plays the piano very ______ (good / well).
as blind as a pancake
as ugly as a bat
as pretty as a mule
as good as a picture
as stubborn as a kite
as clean as two short planks
as old as sin
as easy as gold
as dull as pie
as thick as the hills
as high as ditchwater
as flat as a lord
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ago" - Michael said, feeling that was enough reason for any
absence. 5. He had asked his second cousin, Linda Smith, three
times to marry him. 6. She was going to Hollywood, and she
loved John, and John must marry her and come too.
1. Let me finish what I have ______. I ______ you once that I have
no one in the world but you. You are the light of my eyes and the
desire of my heart. I don’t ______ you to give any promises to me; I
only ______ you to remember this and be careful. 2. Ever since the
day at Martigny he had ______ to himself each morning: “I will
______ today,” and each evening: “I will ______ tomorrow.” On the
last evening of their holiday, he realized suddenly that he must
______ now if he would ______ at all. 3. If you feel that you can
still trust me as you used to do, I want you to ______ me more
definitely than that might, how far you have gone. 4. He ______ so
much of the wonderful things we ought to think and feel and be, but
he never ______ us practically what we ought to do. 5. You ______
about being fit for freedom, did you ever know anyone so fit for it
as your mother? 6. Padre, you ______ me if I could trust you.
Indeed, if there were anything to ______ I would ______ it to you.
I have not forgotten what you ______ to me that night; I shall never
forget it. 7. You are always intolerant when you ______ about
Protestants. 8. If you feel well enough ______ me what you wanted
______, I am at your service. 9. He ______ very coldly, with a stiff
manner that was not natural to him. 10. You are not fit ______ if
there is anything you want to ______ to me, I’ll try to come again
tomorrow. 11. I ______ you to believe me, at least, that I am ______
the truth.
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XI. Fill in prepositions or adverbs wherever necessary.
Samuel Sunbury was a little man too. He was as thin and spare
as his wife, but he had sandy hair, gone very thin now ______ that
he had to wear it very long on one side and brush it carefully
______ the large bald patch. He had pale blue eyes and his
complexion was pasty. He was a clerk ______ a lawyer's office and
had worked his way ______ from office boy ______ a respectable
position. His employer called him Mr. Sunbury and sometimes
asked him to see an unimportant client. Every morning ______ 24
years Samuel Sunbury had taken the same train ______ the City,
except ______ course, ______ Sundays and during his fortnight's
holiday ______ the seaside, and every evening he had taken the
same train ______ to the suburb ______ which he lived. He was
neat ______ dress; he went ______ work ______ grey trousers, a
black coat and a bowler hat, and when he came home he put ______
his slippers and a black coat which was too old and shiny to wear
______ the office; but ______ Sundays when he went ______ the
112
chapel, he and Mrs. Sunbury attended, he wore a morning coat
______ his bowler. Thus he showed his respect ______ the day
______ rest and ______ the same time registered a protest against
the ungodly who went bicycling or lounged about the streets until
the pubs opened.
look
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7. Children always look up to their parents.
8. When I don’t know a word I always look it up in the
dictionary.
pick
114
подбодрить ее. 5. Салли с нетерпением ждет поездки в
Испанию на отдых. 6. Когда шеф просматривал документы, он
натолкнулся на интересную информацию. 7. Ученики
почтительно смотрели на мастера, когда он взял в руки кисть. 8.
Мне так лень искать это слово в словаре, может я без него
пойму смысл предложения. 9. Я знаю, я очень рассеянная, но не
надо придираться ко мне постоянно. 10. Вчера мы ходили в лес
и собрали две корзиночки ягод. 11. Где ты подхватил этот
акцент? Раньше ты так не говорил. 12. Я поднял с пола что-то
блестяще. Это было мое кольцо. 13. Я заберу белье из
прачечной, а потом заеду за тобой. 14. Он вытащил что-то из
кармана и стал внимательно изучать.
115
XV. Test translation
116
она отлично. 23. Уже несколько месяцев Ник без работы.
Иногда ему перепадает случайная работа, но это не решение
проблемы. 24. Как ни странно, но мне не нравится современная
английская литература, я предпочитаю классику. 25. Во время
переговоров преимущество было на нашей стороне и мы
разумно использовали это. 26. Ставлю два против одного, что
наша футбольная команда выиграет этот матч. 27. Хотя
обстоятельства сложились против нас, нам удалось с честью
выйти из этой ситуации и доказать свою правоту. 28. Вор был
разочарован. В шкатулке не было ничего ценного, только какие-
то мелочи. 29. Маленькая девочка сорвала красную розу и
заплакала. Она не знала, что у розы есть шипы. 30. – Чье это
кольцо? Я нашел его на полу.
117
потерял связь со своими бывшими одноклассниками. 14. Я
знаю все о моих детях, хотя мы живем в разных городах. Я
нахожусь в постоянном контакте с ними. 15. Когда я пришел,
Анабел была почти готова, она только добавила последний
штрих к своему наряду – жемчужное ожерелье. 16. Когда он
понял, что его поведение было бестактным, он поборол свою
гордость и извинился. 17. Он гордится своими успехами в
спорте. 18. Цены на квартиры постоянно растут. Правительство
объясняет это тем, что цены определяются спросом. 19. Когда
он решил развестись с женой, она согласилась, но при условии,
что она получит 30% акций его предприятия. 20. Мы все очень
разные люди, поэтому и умственные способности у всех
разные. 21. Я сделаю все, что в моей власти, но это очень
трудный вопрос и успеха я не гарантирую. 22. Могущество
страны зависит от благополучия ее граждан. 24. Мощность
взрыва была так велика, что пострадали все здания, которые
находились недалеко. 25. Я не могу сравнивать мощность
мотора автомобиля Ауди с мотором Мазды. Ауди гораздо
мощнее. 26. Это сильнодействующее лекарство выдается только
по рецепту врача. 27. После кораблекрушения в живых
осталось только пять человек. 28. Не волнуйся, он сумеет
выкарабкаться. Не в первый раз он попадает в такое трудное
положение. У него есть опыт в таких делах. 29. Некоторых
людей очень пугают неожиданные повороты в жизни. Но не ее.
Любая неожиданность скорее вдохновляет ее, чем пугает. 30. В
прошлые выходные я встречалась со своими подругами и
выяснилось, что только я сделала успешную карьеру и живу
полной жизнью.
XVI. Render the following text into English.
Английские семьи
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Семья предоставляет англичанину роскошную
возможность вести себя так, как полагается. Однако, если не
считать ежегодных отпусков и праздничных дней, члены семьи
отнюдь не горят желанием проводить много времени вместе.
Как только заканчивается утомительный период детства,
англичане отправляются в плавание по жизни, не особенно
стесняя себя размышлениями о своих детях или родителях.
«Традиционная английская семья» примерно такова:
работающий папа, сидящая дома мама, на которой папа женат, и
их 2-4 ребенка. Однако это, к сожалению, далеко не норма: 30
процентов родителей не заключают брак, 10 процентов детей
воспитываются только одним родителем (из которых 10
процентов отцы), и два брака из каждых пяти заканчиваются
разводом. Две трети разведенных вступают в новый брак, а две
трети тех, кто развелся и со своим вторым супругом, женятся
(выходят замуж) в третий раз. После чего большая их часть
успокаивается – возможно, в связи с полным брачным
изнеможением.
Многие пары обращаются за советами к психологу, и
порой это даже срабатывает, ибо они,будучи англичанами и,
разумеется, испытывая отвращение ко всяким «руководящим
советам» да еще со стороны какого-то добожелателя (который
явно любит совать свой нос в чужие дела!), в итоге
объединяются на почве неприязни и заново привязываются
друг к другу.
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Он был высокого роста, шести футов с лшним. Сложен он
был, как греческий бог, широкий в плечах, с узкими бедрами; в
его фигуре была та мягкость линий, которую придал скульптор
своему Аполлону, и та же неуловимая грация, волнующая и
таинственная. Его кожа была ослепительно белая, бархатистая,
как у женщины.
Лицо его было так же прекрасно, как и тело. У него были
большие синие глаза, такие темные, что некоторые утверждали,
что они черные. И в отличие от большинства рыжих – темные
брови и длинные темные ресницы. Черты лица у него были
абсолютно правильные, а рот похож на кровавую рану. Ему
было двадцать лет. Он был неповторим. Не было человека
красивее его. Он был как чудесный цветок на диком растении –
счастливая прихоть природы.
120
Man to command and woman to obey;
All else is confusion. (Lord Tennyson)
5. Marriage is the greatest earthy happiness when founded on
complete sympathy. (B.Disraeli).
6. The family is one of nature's masterpieces. (G.Santayana).
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4. Love begins at home.
5. Men make houses, women make homes.
6. Every family has a skeleton in the cupboard.
7. Behind every successful man there's a woman.
8. A man may work from sun to sun but a woman's work is never
done.
Focus on Grammar
Perfect Tenses
Table 1
by, when
1. The film will have started by the time
we get to the cinema.
2. When she arrives the children will
have gone to bed.
Exercises
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I. Put the verb in brackets into the present perfect tense.
1. Hello! (not/ to see) you for ages. How are you? - I'm fine, thank
you! And what about you? - Fine too! Your dream (to come) true? -
Yes, I'm an actress at a drama theatre, besides I sometimes play
small roles in films. - I'm happy for you. - Thank you! 2. You (to
see) "Gone with the Wind"? - Yes, I have. - What's your opinion? Is
it worth seeing? - It's one of the best movies I (to see). I was greatly
impressed by it.
l. What English books have you read? 2. Have you had dinner yet?
3. Have you found anything to your taste on the menu? 4. You have
learned this poem by heart, haven't you? 5. Have you ever met
Hollywood stars? 6.Have you ever been to Italy? 7. Have you had a
holiday this year? 8. Have you seen a good film recently?
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III. Put the verb in brackets into the past simple or the present
perfect tense.
1. Betty (to write) a letter last night. 2. George (to go) to the store at
10 o'clock this morning. 3. Mr. Johnson (to read) the newspaper
already. 4. Bob (to see) this movie before. 5. I (not / to see) you for
a long time. 6. I (to know) you nearly all my life, but I never (to see)
you so excited about anything. 7. You (to read) this book? – Yes.
What you (think) of it? 8. Guillermo (to call) his employer
yesterday. 9. Come in, I (to be) awake since sun-up. 10. The weather
(to be) very nice recently, don't you think? 11.When we were on
holiday, the weather (to be) awful. 12. How many games the team
(to win) so far this season?
Partern: Ron is phoning Jill again. He has already phoned her twice
this evening. It's the third time he has phoned her this evening.
1. You are late again. You've already been late once this week. It's
the .....
2. The car has broken down. It has already broken down twice
this month. It's the....
3. Ann has just finished drinking a cup of tea. She has already
had four cups this morning. It's the....
4. The snow has just finished. But it has already snowed six
times this week. It's the ....
5. You're again not ready for the lesson. This term you have
already been unprepared thrice. It's the....
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и вымой посуду. Не будь лентяем. 4. Ты уже погладила
рубашку? Молодец! 5. Ты знаешь, что приезжает тетя Энн? - Я
уже накрыла стол на пятерых. 6. У твоей подруги есть жених? -
Да, она недавно влюбилась в моего одноклассника. 7. Мы очень
заняты с прошлой недели. 8. Вы замужем? - Да. - Сколько лет
вы уже замужем? 9.0н ухаживает за ней вот уже целых три года,
а она все не хочет выйти за него замуж. 10. Вы уже видели
новую модель мобильного телефона? Конечно видел, я его даже
купил! 11. Когда Мария в последний раз навещала тебя? Она не
навещала меня с лета. 12. Не может быть, эта машина опять
сломалась! Она ломается уже третий раз за две недели!
(fortnight). 13. Мальчик уже закончил есть кашу и пьет кофе с
бутербродом. 14. Дорогой, ты что- нибудь купил на обед? 15.
Вы когда-нибудь встречали этого человека раньше? - Нет,
никогда.
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me that she (not / get) a letter from her son yet. 10.1 didn't know
that his parents always (to live) in the country. 11. We were sure that
she (to tell the truth). 12. She hoped that I (to pay for the tickets
already).
VIII. Open the brackets using the past perfect or the past
simple tense. Follow the pattern where necessary.
A
1. The policeman read the suspect his rights after he (to arrest) him.
2. They hardly (to go) when aunt Julia (to wander) slowly into the
room. 3. The car (to flip) ten times before it landed on its roof. 4.
She was a woman of nearly fifty who (to be) obviously pretty one.
5. No sooner they (to arrive) in London than her sister (to ring) up
from home to tell about the arrival of her daughter. 6. We corrected
our papers after we (to take) the quiz. 7. John (to live) in Miami for
one year when his parents came to visit him. 8. Hardly he (to ask)
his questions when she (to faint). 9. The rain nearly (to stop) when
he (to reach) his hotel. 10. Jane sent a letter to her university after
she (to receive) her scolarship check.
B
1. George (to work) at the university for forty-five years before he
retired. 2.After the committee members (to consider) the
consequences, they voted on the proposal. 3. No sooner we (to start
out) for London, than it started to rain. 4. The doctor (to examine)
the patient thoroughly before he prescribed the medicine. 5. After
John (to wash) his clothes, he began to study. 6. Hardly she (to
enter) the building, when she felt the presence of somebody else. 7.
George (to wait) for one hour before the bus came. 8. Maria (to
enter) the university after she had graduated from the community
college. 9. Jeanette (to wash) the pipettes after she had completed
the experiment. 10. After the stewardesses had served lunch to the
126
passengers, they (to sit) down. 11. The car (to flip) ten times before
it landed on its roof. 12. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to
return) home. 13. He (to open) his eyes, (to look) around and (to try)
to remember what (to happen) to him.
1. He is still a school boy, but by this time next year he (to leave)
school. 2. After you finish this book, you (to learn) a lot of new
words and word combinations. 3. By the end of the month the
School Board (to come) to some decision. 4. By the time he arrives
they (to leave). 5. He has bought his flat on credit. He (to pay) all
the money by the 5th of September. 6 If she returns later than
January 21, I won’t see her as I already (to leave) for London by
that time.
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XI. Put the verb in brackets into the present simple, future
simple or future perfect tense.
1. He (to be) here for two hours by the time you(to come) back. 2.
"It (to be) very late." -"They (to be) back soon." 3. "There (to be) no
planes tonight." -"Never mind, I (to go) by train". 4. You (to be)
angry if I (to talk) to you about it? 5. By the time you (to finish)
cooking they (to do) their work. 6. "I (to be) afraid, my train (to
leave) by that time." -"(not/worry), I (to drive) you home." 7.1 hope
it (to stop) snowing by tomorrow morning. 8. If you (to think) it
over you (to see) I am right. 9. If you (not/to take) a taxi, you (to be)
late. By the time you (to get) to the theatre the first act (to be) over
and you (to miss) the most interesting dialogues.
128
(to sing) at the top of his voice an aria from an Italian opera - (to
sing) superbly. "Why, Charlie, I never (to know) you could sing so
beautifully!" someone exclaimed. "I can't sing at all," Chaplin
replied. "I was only imitating Caruso." 2. A lady (to be late) for the
concert. When she (to come) the concert (to begin). She (to enter)
the hall and (to find) her seat. The orchestra was playing some
music. She (to listen) for a while before she (to ask) her neighbour,
"What are they playing?" "The ninth symphony," he answered. "Oh,
dear! I (to miss) the first eight!" exclaimed the lady.
1. George (to see) this movie three times. 2. John (to go) to the store
before he (to go) home. 3. Hardly Henry (to start) working when he
(to realize) that he needed to go to the library. 4. By the end of the
holiday, he (to spend) all his money. 5. She told us yesterday that he
(to visit) England in 2004. 6. Sam already (to record) the result of
the experiment. 7. After the committe members (to consider) the
consequences, they (to vote) on the proposal. 8. Alica (to live) in
New York for 10 years before she (to move) to California. 9. When
mum arrives, the children (to go) to bed. 10. Hardly (to fall) asleep
when he (to begin) to dream of far-away lands. 11. When they get
there the film already (to start). 12. He never (to play) a better game
than he has today. 13. When the baby was born we (to repay) the
bank loan (кредит) already.
129
8. К концу следующего года я уже закончу этот институт. 9. Не
успел я дойти до двери, как услышал чьи-то шаги. 10. Едва я
успел попрощаться с ним, как поезд тронулся. 11. К концу
прошлого месяца мы переехали на новую квартиру. 12. Я
слышал, что мой брат уже купил новый компьютер. 13. К
вечеру мы сделаем перевод этой статьи. 14. В письме сын писал
матери, что принимал участие в трудной, но интересной работе.
15. Мы слышали, что все первокурсники принимали участие в
спортивных соревнованиях. 16. Я был уверен, что не смогу
получить хорошую оценку по праву.
1. Roger said: "My uncle has been here more than once." 2. Alice
asked me: "Did you spend much time there?" 3. Ben asked me:
"When did you join our circle?" 4. He asked the secretary: "Who
has written this note?" 5. A man at the back remarked: "I hope they
130
will have taken a decision by the end of the week." 6. "This story
happened long ago," he said, "and few people remember anything
about it." 7. The mother asked her son: "Why have you spent so
much money on sweets." 8. The stranger asked me: "Have you been
here long?" 9. The teacher said: "The students also took part in
arranging the concert." 10. Fanny asked her friend:"Where did you
go during you vacation?"
XVII. Put the verb in brackets into the right form. Retell the
story in reported speech.
A young man (to be) in love with a beautiful girl. One day
when they (to walk) in the park near the girl's house, she (to say) to
him, 'Tomorrow is my birthday, will you come to have dinner with
me?"
"Of course, I shall," (to say) the young man, "and I'll send
you red roses, one rose for each year of your life."
The same evening the young man (to go) to a florist's. As the
girl (to be) twenty years old, he (to pay) for twenty roses and (to
ask) the florist to send them to the girl's house the next day.
131
He (to leave) her address and a letter full of love.
The florist (to know) the young man very well because he
often (to buy) flowers in his shop. The florist (to think), "The young
man is a good customer, my price for the roses (to be) too high, I'll
send thirty roses instead of twenty." And he (to do) so. In the
afternoon when the young man (to come) to see his girl-friend, she
(not to want) to speak to him. He (to be) very unhappy and (to go)
back home. But he never (to know) why she (to be) so angry with
him.
Trouble Spot
Use adjective after the following verbs: be, look, feel, seem, smell,
taste, sound.
be /look/feel/seem/smell/taste/sound + adjective
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XIX. Fill in the articles wherever necessary.
1. Last summer we had ... lovely time in... South. 2. This boy
doesn't deserve ... praise. 3. She gave me ... good advice how to get
rid of my mistakes. 4. She is making... good progress in English. 5.1
don't like ... rainy weather. 6. It was ... unexpected news and we
were surprised to hear it. 7. The girl had... snub nose and... fair
complexion. 8. We received ... very interesting information about
this country. 9. He went to ... sea hoping to save ... money and make
... fortune. 10. Will you do me ... favour? 11. It was ... hard work
and Mike did not like it. 12. Where is ... money? I put it on the
table. 13. She had... long, beautiful hair. 14.... Bickets were eager to
save ... money. 15. My father was of... dark complexion, with... very
great forehead and ... dark hazel eyes, overhung by ... eyebrows
which were black though his hair was white. He had … straight
nose and … full lips.
133
UNIT 5
SHOPPING
Lead in: Before reading the text answer the following questions:
(An Excerpt)
134
feet, he noticed, were wetter than his. She thanked him and he asked
if she was going to storm the counters. “I thought I would,” she
said, “but now I think I won’t. My feet are wet, and I have a terrible
feeling that I’m coming down with a cold”.
“I feel the same way,” he said. “I have been planning to buy
some Christmas presents, but now when I think, that I’ll have to
squeeze through this crowd to the counter, gain the shop-girl’s
attention, choose the presents and wait at the cashier’s for my turn, I
think, I won’t stand it. Let’s find a quiet place and have a drink.”
“Oh, but I can’t do that,” she said.
“Why not? He asked. “It’s a festival, isn’t it?”
“I had never thought of it that way,” she said.
“Come on.” He took her arm and led her out of the shop down
the avenue to a cosy little bar where they had three or four drinks
and then took a cab down-town to see her studio.
They met after this two or three times a week. He never
discovered much about her beyond the fact that she lived on Park
Avenue and was often alone. She was interested in his clothes and
kept him posted on department-store sales. It was a large part of
their conversation. Sitting on the sofa next to him, she told him that
there was a sale of neckties at Saks, a sale of shoes at Brooks, a sale
of shirts at Altman’s.
She made him go to the sales and helped him choose a pair of
fashionable loafers and a genuine leather belt to match. Then she
talked him into buying a new wallet. He had never been very
particular about his appearance before. But now he liked it.
Shopping
Learn the dialogue and reproduce it in pairs.
135
R.: Well, I didn’t want anything fancy. Just ordinary woolen
socks, you know. I’m going on a short walking tour, so I thought
something warm…
S.: Walking tour, sir? Then if you don’t mind my saying so,
you’ll certainly need some of these quick drying wool-and-cotton
socks. They wash beautifully and dry in no time at all. How many
shall I wrap up for you?
R.: Just one pair will do. Those brown ones.
S.: If you are going on holiday, sir, perhaps you’ll be interested
in this new line of trousers. Very popular they are. You’ll find them
invaluable when you are out in bad weather.
R.: Are they crease-resistant?
S.: They are crease-resistant, water-proof and fade-proof. You
should have a pair if you are going on holiday, sir.
R.: Well, perhaps…
S.: The blue ones? Very well, sir. Oh, sir, I see you are looking
at that yellow cashmere pullover. The last one that is, and it happens
to be just your size. You’ll need something to keep you warm on a
walking tour. You’ll feel a different man when you put it on.
R.: It certainly looks nice and warm. But won’t it get dirty
rather quickly?
S.: Well, of course, sir, all light colours show the dirt. But
you’ll find this washes like a dream. Just use a spoonful of our
special washing powder. I’ll wrap up a couple of packets with the
pullover.
R.: But won’t it shrink?
S.: Shrink, sir? We’ve sold dozens of these pullovers and
haven’t had a single complaint. If it shrinks, sir, we’ll give your
money back.
R.: All right. I’ll take it. You can wrap up everything in one parcel.
S.: Let me see: socks, trousers, pullover. Here is your parcel, sir.
Notes
1. Lord Taylor’s, Saks – big department stores in New York
2. Park Avenue – the street symbolizing the luxury and wealth
of NY
136
Vocabulary
137
is required ваше присутствие на
собрании необходимо; phr. presence of
mind присутствие духа; saving your
presence сожалею, что приходится
говорить об этом в вашем присутствии
present adj to be present at присутствовать на…;
those present присутствующие
138
name носить громкое имя; to wear one’s
years well выглядеть моложаво; to wear
away one’s life растрачивать жизнь по
пустякам; to be quite worn out быть
совершенно измотанным; the novelty will
soon wear off прелесть новизны скоро
исчезнет
wear n одежда men’s wear мужская одежда;
everyday wear повседневная одежда
139
4. стоять; находиться the house stands
on a hill дом стоит на холме; how do
things stand? как обстоят дела? phr. to
stand up for smb. заступиться за кого-л.
stand n место; позиция he took a strong stand on
that point он занял твердую позицию в
этом вопросе; the government made a
stand for its right правительство
отстаивало право своей страны
140
2. соответствовать; гармонировать;
подходить these colours don’t match эти
цвета плохо сочетаются; I want a pair of
gloves to match my bag мне нужна пара
перчаток под цвет моей сумке
match n пара; ровня they are a good match они
хорошая пара; she made a good match она
удачно вышла замуж; to be a match for
smb. быть достойным противником кого-
л
matchmaker n сваха
Word combinations
141
do the shopping – делать покупки
Exercises
142
9. How did he get acquainted with the lady?
10. What made George change his mind as to buying presents?
11. Where did he invite her to?
12. How did they end the evening?
13. Was it their first and last meeting?
14. What was she interested in about him?
15. Did he learn much about her?
16. In what way did she influence him?
IV. Pick out words and phrases from the text and group them
under the following headings:
1. Weather. 2. Shopping
143
V. Study the phrases. Use them in situation or sentences of your
own.
A
Hide one’s intentions; be on familiar terms with smb;
familiarity breeds contempt; presence of mind; in the presence of
smb; be present at; avoid danger; avoid the question; avoid an
agreement; for the avoidance of smth; avoidance of marriage; wear
one’s head high; wear one’s years well; wear away one’s life; be
quite worn out; appear in court; appear for the defendant; strange as
it may appear.
B
Squeeze money out of smb; give smb a friendly squeeze; stand
on one’s rights; stand smb lunch; stand up for smb; take a stand on
smth; go the wrong way; go one’s own way; the only way out; keep
out of one’s way; go out of one’s way; be in smb’s way; by the way;
have a way with children; in a way; be a good match; be a match for
smb; keep up appearances; for the sake of appearances; judging by
his appearance; appearances are deceitful.
144
___ five minutes the door opened and a dark-bearded man
came ___ the waiting room. He looked ___ me attentively and
stopped ___ front ___ us.
“You have no friends ___ the boys ___ your age, do you?” He
said kindly. “My boy, Gavin, is not much older than you. Come ___
the house to play ___ him.” He stood ___ moment silent, then he
nodded and went ___.
Mr. McKellar was now free to see us. His office, though old-
fashioned, was furnished ___ rich and beautiful things. He was a
red-faced man ___ ___ fifty ___ clever eyes. He took the papers
which grandpa had brought and looked ___ them.
Then he looked ___ me and said ___ surprise: “He is a nice
boy. You’ll have no trouble ___ him, or I’m much mistaken.”
Slowly he took a shilling ___ ___ his pocket. He gave it ___
Grandpa saying: “Buy a glass ___ lemonade ___ the boy”.
(after A. Cronin)
145
десерт из фруктов со сливками. 10. Она протянула мне свою
холеную руку на которой было старинное кольцо с огромным
бриллиантом. 11. Нам всем понравился продуманный план,
который был представлен на собрании для обсуждения. 12.
Хорошо сшитый костюм и выглядит лучше и стоит дороже, чем
костюм купленный в магазине. 13. Разумно потраченные деньги
всегда приносят доход. 14. Хорошо сохранившаяся пожилая
дама никому не говорила свой возраст. 15. Высоко
оплачиваемые сотрудники пользуются уважением всего
коллектива. 16. Его сильно поношенная одежда говорила о том,
что дела его идут плохо. 17. В комнату вошла статная, красивая
женщина и направилась к роялю. 18. Многие считают, что
откормленный ребенок является признаком благополучия
семьи. 19. Знаменитый писатель был приглашен на вечеринку,
чтобы сделать ее интересной. 20. Мистер Смит очень
добродушный человек и у него слишком много друзей.
Take after, take apart, take away, take back, take off, take out for,
take down, take up, take for, take aback
146
IX. Replace Russian words and word combinations by their
English equivalents. Ask 8-10 special questions to cover the
contents. Retell the text.
147
Avoid (2); present; presence; familiar (2); stand (2); match (n,
v); way (2); appear; appearance; hide; hidden; wearing; wear;
squeeze (2).
1. Everyone knows me. I’m the greatest chess player in the world,
no one can ___ me in that game. 2. Arsatti had a very strange ___ he
had a large, heavy torso and short bony legs that seemed to have
been designed for a smaller man. 3. Tracy closed her eyes. “I won’t
be able ___ if anything happenes to the child”, she thought. 4. I’m
not going to let him spoil this trip. I’ll do my best ___ him, but if
our paths cross I’ll simply ignore him. 5. However I happen to be a
bit of an expert myself and there is one thing I know for sure: there
is no ___ to cheat at chess. 6. She found him dining with a lovely
looking blonde with a spectacular figure ___ an evening dress that
looked as if it had been painted on. 7. When Sarah married Fred
everybody thought that she had made a good ___ but they all,
including herself, were mistaken. 8. All the people ___ at the
ceremony were later questioned, but it gave no clue to the incident.
9. As soon as I understood what had happened, I ___ through the
crowd of the onlookers and hurried down the beach. 10. She had
called on the vicar one day and had told him that she had to make a
confession, that she couldn’t ___ it any longer. 11. As the days went
by, Abel revealed to his daughter how his sister joined him in the
castle and the ___ he discovered that the Baron was his father. 12.
Zaphia carried out a daily routine that made it possible ___ the new
governess most of the day. 13. I cannot approve of disguising the
real world because you have enough money to keep the truth ___
for a few more years. 14. I opened the note and found a single sheet
of paper inside, with a few words written in a ___ hand. 15. I
wonder Maxim didn’t stay for a week or so in London and get you
something decent to ___. 16. I got up and with shaking hands began
___ all my things into the bag. 17. I went on painting in his ___ and
suddenly I realized that in the excitement of listening to his story I
had painted something that was not there. 18. At last the great day
came when she ___ on the stage of one of the best opera houses in
Europe. 19. I ___ the envelope at the back of one of the drawers in
148
the desk. 20. Landing in Melbourne, the first person I saw as I
walked down the street, seemed very ___ to me.
149
27. Я считаю, что повседневную одежду можно покупать в
обычном магазине. 28. Он крепко пожал мою руку, показывая
что мы хорошие деловые партнеры. 29. Он положил кусочек
рыбы на тарелку и выжал на нее лимон. 30. Мы подарили
Салли соковыжималку, когда родился Том.
150
свидетеля. 29. Как ни странно, но все поверили ее загадочному
рассказу. 30. Он не появлялся в этом доме так давно, что я уже
забыла как он выглядит.
151
(Дж. К. Джером «Трое в одной лодке»)
Focus on Grammar
Passive Voice
152
Study the following
Table 1
Simple Tenses
1. Every morning Nick is taken to the nursery school by his
grandfather.
153
attentive not to forget anything. 18. Such films (to show) on TV
very often. You’d better follow the program. 19. How this fruit (to
call) in English? 20. Ann (to give) a very expensive ring on her
wedding anniversary. 21. I (to invite) often to such parties, because
my friends know that I’m fond of dancing. 22. I’m sure she (to
influence) by her husband, she is such a weak-willed person. 23.
The passengers of the steamer (to save) two hours later by a passing
boat. 24. It’s nine o’clock already. I’m sure all the shops (to close)
and I’ll have to go to Sally’s place without a present.
154
свои уроки. 20. Джейн отвели в комнату где стены были
выкрашены в красный цвет, а вдоль стены стояли книжные
шкафы. 21. Я уверен, что их проинструктируют до того как
отправят за покупками. 22. Сыр и масло делают из
натурального молока. 23. Этот храм был разрушен в сороковые
годы прошлого столетия, а в 2000 он был построен заново. 24.
Не переживай, все это очень скоро забудется. В жизни так
много интересного. 25. Нам не позволят взять наших младших
братьев посмотреть этот фильм.
Table 2
Perfect Tenses
2. Young Bosinney had been run over in the fog and killed.
3. The decoration of the flat will have been done by the end of
the week.
155
many a time before they ran away. 10. He warned me that I (to
show) my room as soon as the landlady came. 11. Oh, the fence
(to paint) already? But you started painting just an hour ago. 12.
After the candles (to lit) and the meal (to serve) the servants left
the room. 13. The schoolmistress promised that Jenny (to take)
good care of at the boarding school. 14. When all the things (to
choose and to pack) into suitcases we decided to rest a little and
drink some coffee. 15. She showed me the novel by Agatha
Christie which (to translate) into Russian by her son. 16. I was
afraid that in the Reeds family the child (to scold and to abuse)
because they didn’t look a friendly family. 17. She promised that
by the time the guests arrived dinner (to be ready) and the tables
(to lay). 18. When our luggage (to check and to lable) we sighed
with relief that the flight would be on time. 19. The plan (to
discuss) for two hours when at last he came. 20. We got a
telegram in the morning that the goods (to deliver) already and
everything was all right. 21. Just when the ship (to unload) the
customs officer arrived. 22. When the real estate agent came, I (to
show) already the house and the garden surrounding it. 23. You
are not attentive, this question (to ask) just. 24. I’m so happy, I
(to offer) just a new job as manager of a law firm. 25. This law
(to adopt) already, and I hope it will soon come into force.
156
поступить в институт иностранных языков. 8. Вся информация
была записана на автоответчик, но вы, к сожалению, ее не
прочитали. 9. Газеты сообщают, что похищенный ребенок еще
не найден. 10. Организаторы выставки сказали, что картины
Дали были выставлены в Испании прежде, чем их привезли
сюда. 11. Комната была пыльная и сырая. Ею не пользовались
целую вечность. 12. Что сделано, чтобы в будущем избежать
наводнений? 13. Все пирожные были съедены и соки выпиты
задолго до прибытия всех гостей. 14. Сколько английских книг
прочитано тобой? 15. Джейн выглядела совсем другим
ребенком после того как ее умыли и причесали. 16. Письмо
принесли задолго до обеда и все уже знали его содержание. 17.
Так как мы не были представлены друг другу я решил сам
подойти к мистеру Форсайту и сказать кто я. 18. Он сообщил
прессе, что до сих пор ничего не выяснено относительно
родителей этих детей и что полиция продолжает их поиски. 19.
Я не мог признаться, что все деньги были потрачены на
покупку телевизора и мне снова придется брать в долг. 20. Мне
было интересно, как сильно она была заинтересована его
личностью, что пошла на этот шаг. 21. После того, как все
документы были подписаны, нас пригласили в зал отметить
сделку. 22. Хотя дом был построен в прошлом веке, он выглядел
неплохо. Вероятно за ним хорошо присматривали. 23. Ничего в
Англии не изменилось с тех пор как вы уехали из страны. 24.
Вас когда-либо учили как следует разговаривать с людьми
старше вас? 25. Он обещал, что к нашему приезду все
проблемы будут решены и мы сможем начать собственное дело.
Table 3
Continuous Aspect
157
2. I had a feeling that I was being followed.
158
VI. Translate the sentences using continuous aspect in the
passive voice.
Trouble Spot
Use the verbs explain, dictate, describe, repeat, point out, know,
sell, read, buy, write, mention, prove only in the following
construction:
159
It (the letter, the rule) – is/was/will be dictated to us
The teacher explained the new rule to us. – The new rule was
explained to us.
160
Pattern: Anna looks after her baby with great care – Anna’s baby is
looked after with great care.
1. Nobody has lived in the house since the owner left. 2. We spoke
to the dean about the coming exams. 3. They sent for drinks and
pizza. 4. I looked for the key everywhere but couldn’t find it. 5.
They speak much about this young lawyer. 6. The lecture was very
instructive and all the students listened to it with interest. 7. Nobody
lives in this house. 8. We listened to him for two hours. 9. This
dictionary is out of date you can’t rely on it. 10. She wears such
funny dresses that people always laugh at her. 11. After the
performance she treated the children to ice-cream. 12. You should
account for each penny you’ve spent. 13. We arrived at an
agreement to postpone buying of a new car till better times. 14. I
counted on your help but you let me down. 15. Scientists often refer
to this book. 16. We soon lost sight of the plane in the sky. 17. They
took no notice of his words. 18. I don’t like to make fun of weak
people. 19. She made use of every opportunity to see her child. 20.
We decided to put an end to pointless arguments.
161
новом фильме много говорят, думаю его стоит посмотреть. 14.
Это не та ситуация с которой можно примириться. 15. На этот
источник часто ссылаются. 16. Успокойся, за твоими
родителями уже посылали. 17. Сиди дома и жди. За тобой
зайдут. 18. С планом согласились все. 19. На вашу помощь
надеялись. 20. Его отсутствие прошло незамеченно.
(Make use of the following: insist on, call for, agree to, take notice
of, find fault with, put up with, send for, put an end to, make a fool
of, comment on, refer to, rely on, talk about, pay attention to, listen
to, operate on, lose sight of, make use of, arrive at an agreement,
speak to).
162
сожаление, что заставил меня ждать так долго, но добавил, что
это была не его вина, т.к. он попал в пробку. 18. Я все еще
всхлипывала, потому что плакала до этого, а не плакала в то
время. 19. Они удивились, узнав, что я живу в этом доме уже
много лет. 20. Он сделал эту работу даже лучше, чем я ожидала.
21. Я знал, что она переживала о случившемся, но я также
понимал, что если она встретится с Мег лицом к лицу ее
отношение изменится. 22. К тому времени когда мой сын
окончит школу мы уже будем жить здесь 8 лет. 23. Я
путешествовала уже три часа, когда я наконец прибыла в дом,
где я должна была работать гувернанткой. 24. Моя ученица
Адель едва говорила по-английски, т.к. она провела детство во
Франции. 25. Я бродил по Лондону уже несколько часов
голодный и несчастный, когда мое внимание привлекло ярко
освещенное окно ресторана.
Trouble Spot
Use the consturction Have something done when smth is done for
you and not by you.
163
проверить зрение. 5. Я почистил и смазал маслом свои часы, и
теперь они работают как новые. 6. Я потеряла ключи от
машины, придется сделать новые. 7. Вчера я не смог починить
свой велосипед. Все мастерские были закрыты. 8. Мы очистили
бассейн после весенних дождей и теперь мои друзья приходят к
нам поплавать. 9. В дорогих гостиницах обувь оставляют в
коридоре, чтобы ее почистили. 10. Мне надо сфотографи-
роваться для документов. 11. Том выкрасил свою машину в
ярко-красный цвет и сейчас она выглядит как новая. 12. Я
подстриг газоны и убрал мусор во дворе. 13. Придется пойти в
химчистку и почистить брюки. На них какие-то пятна. 14. Я не
люблю фотографироваться, когда моя прическа не в порядке.
15. – У тебя новое платье? – Да, я сшила его на прошлой
неделе.
164
UNIT 6
ART
(An Excerpt)
165
Samples of work, it said, should represent both the academic and
commercial fields of art, and were to be submitted to Monsieur I.
Yoshoto, director, formerly of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts,
Tokyo.
Instantly I got out a typewriter from under the bed and wrote,
in French, a long, intemperate letter to M. Yoshoto – cutting all my
morning classes at the art school on Lexington Avenue to do it. My
opening paragraph ran some three pages.
I said I was twenty-nine and a great-nephew of Honoré
Daumier. I said I had just left my small estate in the South of
France, following the death of my wife, to come to America to stay
– temporarily, I made it clear – with an invalid relative. I had been
painting, I said, since early childhood, but that, following the advice
of Pablo Picasso, who was one of the oldest and dearest friends of
my parents, I had never exhibited. However, a number of my oil
paintings and watercolors were now hanging in some of the finest,
and by no means nouveau riche, homes in Paris, where they had
gained considerable attention from some of the most formidable
critics of our day. Following, I said, my wife's untimely and tragic
death, I had earnestly thought I would never again set brush to
canvas. But recent financial losses had led me to alter my earnest
resolution. I said I would be most honored to submit samples of my
work just as soon as they were sent to me by my agent in Paris. I re-
mained, most respectfully, Jean de Daumier-Smith.
It took me almost as long to select a pseudonym as it had
taken me to write the whole letter…
During the next four days, using all my spare time, plus some
time that didn't quite belong to me, I drew a dozen or more samples
of what I thought were typical examples of American commercial
art. Working mostly in washes, but occasionally, to show off, in line.
I drew people in evening clothes stepping out of limousines on
opening nights – lean, super-chic couples. I drew suntanned young
giants in white dinner jackets, seated at white tables alongside
turquoise swimming pools, toasting each other, rather excitedly,
with highballs made from a cheap, but, ultra-fashionable brand of
rye whisky.
166
When the samples were finished, I mailed them immediately
to M. Yoshoto, along with a half dozen or so non-commercial
paintings of mine that I'd brought with me from France.
Conversation
167
defines for me the lines of a fresh school, a school that is to have in
it all the passion of the romantic spirit, all the perfection of the spirit
that is Greek. The harmony of soul and body – how much that is!
We in our madness, have separated the two, and have invented a
realism that is vulgar, and ideality that is void. Harry! If you only
knew what Dorian Gray is to me! You remember that landscape of
mine, for which Agnew offered me such a huge price, but which I
would not part with? It is one of the best things I have ever done.
And why is it so? Because, while I was painting it, Dorian Gray sat
beside me. Some subtle influence passed from him to me, and for
the first time in my life I say in the plain woodland the wonder I had
always looked for, and always missed.’
‘Basil, this is extraordinary! I must see Dorian Gray.’
Hallward got up from the seat, and walked up and down the
garden. After some time he came back. ‘Harry,’ he said, ‘Dorian
Gray is to me simply a motive in art. You might see nothing in him.
I see everything in him. He is never more present in my work than
when no image of him is there. He is a suggestion, as I have said, of
a new manner. I find him in the curves of certain lines, in the
loveliness and subtleties of certain colours. That is all.’
Notes
168
highball – Am E an alcoholic drink, esp. whiskey or brandy mixed
with water and soda and served with ice.
O. Wilde (1854 - 1900) – an Irish writer best known for his play
The Importance of Being Earnest and his story The Picture of
Dorian Gray.
Vocabulary
169
употреблять to apply an epithet to smb
употребить какой-л. эпитет по
отношению к кому-л.
applied прикладной, практический;
applied science (art) прикладная наука
(искусство)
170
выставка картин; art student учащийся
художественной школы; art dealer
торговец произведениями искусства; art
director художественный руководитель
(театра, киностудии)
171
representation постоянное
представительство
172
выяснить (вопрос), раскрыть (тайну); the
mystery hasn’t been cleared up yet тайна
ещё не раскрыта
173
художника; the brush of Raphael кисть
Рафаэля
2. a brush for clothes платяная щётка; to
give one’s clothes a good brush - хорошо
вычистить одежду
brush v 1. чистить щёткой to brush off one’s coat
вычистить щёткой пальто; to brush out a
room вымести комнату; to brush up
приводить в порядок, наводить лоск; the
house needs brushing up дом нужно
привести в порядок; to brush the snow off
убирать снег; to brush the whole matter
off отмахнуться от дела; разг. отделаться
от кого-л. I brushed him off я отделался
от него; brush up one’s English
подзаняться английским
2. легко касаться, задевать the foliage
brushed my cheeks as I ran through the
wood когда я бежал по лесу, листья
хлестали меня по лицу
remain v 1. оставаться very little remained of the
house от дома почти ничего не осталось;
it remains to be seen поживём увидим; let
it remain as it is пусть всё остаётся как
есть
2. пребывать, оставаться to remain at
home остаться дома; to remain behind
остаться, не поехать
3. сохраняться, оставаться в каком-л.
состоянии to remain silent хранить
молчание; to remain faithful to smb быть
верным кому-л.; to remain in force
оставаться в силе; the weather remains
fine стоит хорошая погода; one thing
remains certain одно остаётся
безусловным
remains (pl) n 1. остаток, остатки the remains of a meal
174
остатки трапезы
2. руины the remains of ancient Rome
развалины Древнего Рима
3. останки, прах
175
excite v 1. возбуждать, волновать to get excited
about smth волноваться по поводу чего-
л.; to be excited at/by радоваться чему-л.;
the news excited him известие
взволновало его
2. возбуждать, вызывать to excite
curiosity возбуждать/вызывать
любопытство; to excite passion разжигать
страсти
excited adj 1. возбуждённый, взволнованный an
excited crowd возбуждённая толпа
2. оживлённый, деятельный
excitedly adv с волнением, взволнованно,
возбуждённо
excitement n возбуждение, волнение flushed with
excitement раскрасневшийся от
волнения; to feel no excitement over smth
равнодушно относиться к чему-л.
exciting adj возбуждающий, волнующий,
захватывающий
176
модная портниха
fashionably adv модно fashionably dressed модно одетый.
Word combinations
Exercises
1. What job did the narrator apply for? What were the
requirements?
2. Where were samples of work to be submitted?
3. Why was the opening paragraph in Jean’s letter to Monsieur I.
Yoshoto so long?
4. What led Jean to set brush to canvas again?
5. What in Jean’s opinion were typical examples of American
commercial art?
6. Do you think Jean de Daumier-Smith was a popular artist?
Were his paintings second rate?
7. Do you agree with the idea that all contemporary art is
commercial? What is actually commercial art?
177
II. Find English equivalents for the following. Use them in
sentences of your own.
178
5. Anna-Luise and I met first over a … of sandwiches.
6. Some day I would go down to the store and tell them I would
like to buy a … of the bell-bottomed pants, price no
consideration.
7. I walked round a … of galleries yesterday afternoon.
8. Wexford and Greene have spent the last … of days chasing
around in New Zealand.
179
VII. Translate the following using a suitable phrasal verb from
the list below:
Show off, set off (2), go off, beat off, pass off(2), come off, fall off,
turn off, shake off, ring off, take off (2), get off.
1. Her latest novel is nothing to get _____ about. She found the
atmosphere of the college _____ (excite). 2. Some topics appeared
_____ enough to require more detailed information. Carrie was only
180
half _____ in the conversation (interest). 3. Jane was lying in the
sun looking very _____ and happy. Being left alone she had a _____
time in the garden (relax). 4. He looked up with a slightly _____
expression. It’s been a _____ time for us all (worry). 5. I was _____
by her voice. What was _____ to me was the way he courted the
ladies (fascinate). 6. He was _____ at the thought of jumping off the
bridge. The hostages suffered a _____ ordeal (terrify). 7. I’m _____
to hear about your new job. His paintings are very _____ to the eye
(please). 8. There is nothing _____ about the situation. I was not at
all _____ to find they had eaten all the cake (amuse).
A
1. He didn’t read verse very easily and though he read with _____,
every word of it, the impression he received was far from _____. 2.
She gave her _____ to the article in the parish magazine. 3. I
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thought I made it _____ to you that I didn’t want to see anyone. 4.
The word Bouquet was meant to indicate the choice of perfume, and
the first _____ showed a tasteful bunch of flowers. 5. From the sale
of their chocolates my employers paid me three thousand francs a
month which I suppose may have _____ half an hour’s income to
Doctor Fischer. 6. When first Skelton saw it he had thought that it
suggested a wish to call _____ to something behind her back, but
now, after what she had told him yesterday, it did indeed look as
though she were constantly trying to _____ something off her dress.
7. Mrs. Grange, in the same blue dress she had worn the day before,
her hair untidy, appeared _____. 8. Meanwhile he uttered a few
remarks on the perfidy of women. She _____ silent. 9. Jik’s strength
and know-how soon ensured that it didn’t _____ that way. 10. A
huge box of rags stood under one table, ready to wipe clean
everything used to _____ paint to picture, not just _____ and
knives, but fingers, palms, nails, wrists, anything which took his
fancy. 11. The world began coming back fast, very sharp and _____.
12. Jik and I watched in interest while he _____ the pale yellow to
the skirt of the nearest figure. 13. I _____ quickly in soft pencil a
reasonable likeness of Greene, but without the moustache.
B
1. Good _____ were at least as costly as paint. 2. My friend here is
well known in England for his painting of horses, and is _____ in
many top galleries and has been hung often at the Royal Academy.
3. The street was noticeably emptying as the crucial time _____
near. 4. Sarah looked downcast. “It may not be _____, but I like it.”
5. She herself wore the latest trendy _____ with careless ease and
radiated tycoon-catching sincerity. 6. So we got out the road map,
_____ our feet to the accelerator, and set off in pursuit. 7. When I
was in hearing distance I heard her gasp, “There are five _____
,painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and poetry.” 8. Having
made a sketch of Lincoln, he had become a graduate _____ critic. 9.
I asked Bambi, with maximum delicacy, to please hold off
temporarily, _____ any more drawings with titles kindred to
“Forgive Them Their Trespasses”. 10. Both had _____ themselves
to medical tests as a result of which Lou had a course of injections.
182
11. – Was he absolutely certain? Absolutely: he _____ his throat. 12.
If they had _____ their feelings it would have been a further
humiliation.
183
Octoberish, with three horses standing _____ in a field, one of
them eating grass. Pictures of this sort were my bread and butter.
The portrait _____ Regina, though, was the best work I’d
done _____ months. She laughed _____ _____ the canvas, alive
and glowing, аnd _____ me at least seemed vividly herself. Pictures
often changed as one worked _____ them, and day _____ day the
emphasis in my mind had shifted, so that the kitchen background
was growing darker and less distinct and Regina herself more
luminous. One could still see she was cooking, but it was the girl
who was important, not the act. _____ the end I had painted the
kitchen, which was still there, as an impression, and the girl, who
was not, as the reality.
184
pretending not to, _____ the manner _____ gallery-goers the world
over.
Jik and I went round _____ him to take a look. The young man
glanced at Jik's face, but saw nothing there except raised eyebrows
and blandness. We watched him squeeze flake white and cadmium
yellow _____ tubes _____ _____ his palette and mix them together
_____ a nice pale colour _____ a hogshair brush.
_____ the easel stood his study, barely started. The outlines were
there, as precise as tracings, and a small amount _____ blue had been
laid _____ the sky.
Jik and I watched _____ interest while he applied the pale
yellow _____ the shirt _____ the nearest figure.
4. The inner room was bright _____ skylights, and its walls
were almost entirely covered _____ dozens _____ pictures which
hung closely together. Our eyes opened wide. _____ first sight we
were surrounded _____ an incredible feast of Dutch interiors, French
impressionists and Gainsborough portraits. _____ second blink one
could see that although they were original oil paintings, they were
basically second rate. The sort sold as ‘school _____’ because the
artists hadn't bothered to sign them.
185
XIII. Test translation.
186
картину. 4. Мне жаль, что ты устал, но факт остаётся фактом,
работу надо выполнить. 5. Ему ничего не остаётся, как ждать
пока она не изменит своё решение. 6. Правительство осталось у
власти на 12 лет. 7. Всё, что ещё осталось от первоначальной
коллекции картин, сейчас находится в городском музее. 8. Не
позволяй втянуть себя в их спор. 9. Эта пьеса собирает
огромные толпы народа. 10. Две политические партии всё
больше расходились во мнениях. 11. Какой вывод ты сделал из
их заявления? 12. Я попытался увести его в сторону, чтобы
поговорить наедине. 13. Когда Том нервничает, он начинает
заикаться. 14. Мне было трудно заснуть после всех
переживаний за день. 15. Мэри начинает волноваться по поводу
предстоящей свадьбы. 16. Это судебное дело вызвало огромный
общественный интерес. 17. Высокие каблуки в моде в этом
году. 18. После окончания колледжа мне хотелось бы работать в
индустрии моды. 19. У англичан модно отправляться в отпуск
на юг Франции. 20. Она вращается в светском обществе.
Музей Пикаcco
187
КАК НАЧИНАЛСЯ МУЗЕЙ. Отбирать работы Пикассо
поручили Доминику Бозо, хранителю Национального музея
современного искусства. Он и вел переговоры с вдовой Жаклин
Пикассо. В отборе работ Пикассо участвовал также друг
художника Жан Лемер. В 1979 году договор о передаче работ
Пикассо был официально подписан. К этому времени уже по-
дыскали здание под музей, которое предстояло
реконструировать. Это был Отель Сале, особняк XVII века. На
протяжении сотен лет здание использовалось для различных
целей, но с 1964 года перешло во владение городского
муниципалитета Парижа. Несмотря на все достоинства Отеля
Сале, нашлись люди, возражавшие против того, чтобы
устраивать в нем музей Пикассо. Они считали, что для его работ
больше подойдет здание, построенное в современном стиле.
Однако сам Пикассо большую часть своей жизни прожил именно
в старых домах и, будь жив, вряд ли согласился бы с ними.
ЭКСПОЗИЦИЯ. Музей не просто показывает посетителям
многочисленные работы Пикассо. Все они расположены в залах
в хронологическом порядке, что помогает составить понятие о
творческом пути художника. Впрочем, иногда хронология не
выдерживается — это происходит, когда нужно привлечь
внимание гостей к отдельным темам в творчестве Пикассо. В
музее вместе выставлены картины, скульптуры, рисунки —
таким образом, формируется целостный образ мира Пикассо.
Большинство творений мастера сопровождается
документами (фотографиями, газетными вырезками и пр.),
указывающими на место конкретной работы в контексте исто-
рии. В глубине музея для исследователей творчества Пикассо
имеются библиотека и архив. Есть книжные лавки, кафе и
кинозал. Кроме постоянной экспозиции, в музее орга-
низуются временные выставки, имеющие отношение к жизни
Пикассо. Так, например, в 1994 году здесь проводилась
выставка, посвященная другу Пикассо, поэту Максу Жакобу.
ВЛИЯНИЕ И ИДЕИ. В музее выставлены картины и других
художников — эти картины находились в личной коллекции
Пикассо. Среди них мы найдем работы современников
Пикассо Дерена и Матисса, картины мастеров XIX века
188
(таких, как Ренуар и Сезанн) и образцы примитивного
африканского искусства.
Новаторская перспектива
189
этой фразе выражена вся суть кубизма, созданного Пикассо в
сотрудничестве с Жоржем Браком. Мировую славу принес
Пикассо именно кубизм, оказавший огромное влияние на
развитие всего искусства XX века. Известный историк
искусства Джон Голдинг писал, что «кубизм, совершивший
полный и радикальный переворот в живописи, вероятно, самое
важное и значительное явление в искусстве со времен
Ренессанса».
Пикассо и Брак приняли этот термин, несмотря на то, что
предметы на картинах художников-кубистов разложены не на
кубы, а скорее на грани. Самым революционным в кубизме стал
отказ от традиционного для европейской живописи
изображения объектов в одном ракурсе. Теперь для
изображения предмета одновременно использовались разные
точки зрения. В результате художник показывал, из чего
состоит предмет, а не то, как он выглядит «здесь и сейчас».
1. The people who make art their business are mostly impostors.
(Picasso)
2. Art, like morality, consists in drawing the line somewhere.
(Chesterton)
190
3. Art is an effort to create, beside the real world, a more human
world. (Maurois)
a. My favourite painter.
b. Classical art is forever.
c. Visiting museums is a way of learning.
Focus on Grammar
Table 1
Present
191
I. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the tenses in
them:
192
it for weeks. I hope you enjoy the rest of your stay in Australia.
______ (you /see) the famous Opera House yet? Tina sends her
love. Write to me soon.
Love, Mum
Dear Anybody,
I have been (be) on this island for six months now. It is a miracle
that I ______ (survive) for this long. I ______ (eat) fish and fruit
since I got here. Fortunately, I ______ (not/see) any dangerous
animals yet. When I arrived here the weather was fine, but it ______
(rain) continuously for the past two weeks, so I ______ (build) a
shelter out of sticks and leaves, which is really quite cosy. My main
problem is loneliness, as I ______ (not/speak) to anyone for so long.
Recently I ______ (talk) to myself, but it isn't very interesting.
Please help me.
R. Crusoe
1. Later that afternoon Derek put down the script he had been
reading. 2. That evening Diana called me from London, and I told
her what I'd been doing all day. 3. Emma, who had been listening
attentively, knew with absolute certainty that he was speaking the
truth. 4. Ketti looked at Sue and knew that she had been weeping. 5.
Catherine, who had been looking at her mother intently, now spoke
in a concerned voice. 6. It just happened so that she knew what her
son had been doing. He had been courting her personal clients in an
effort to take them over himself. But it wouldn't work as long as she
was head of the company. 7. Andrew, who is English, had been
living in New York for seven years when we met. We had been
seeing each other for only two months when he asked me to marry
him. 8. I had been hearing and reading about the Vatican for so long
that I was genuinely keen to see it.
193
V. Fill in with Past Perfect or Past Perfect
Continuous:
1. Next year I will have been living in Moscow for thirty years. 2.
Next month we shall have owned this house for ten years. 3. When
he is forty, he will have been learning English for twenty five years.
4. By the time the manager turns up, the customers will have been
waiting for him for several hours. 5. He complains that by May he
will have been reading "War and Peace" for five months. 6.1
shall have been staying here just a year this July.
1. By 7.00 pm they will have been playing (play) cricket for eight
hours. 2. I ______ (finish) painting your room by the time you get
home. 3. By the end of next month I ______ (live) in London for
exactly three years. 4. Tom ______ (write) his third novel by the end
of this year. 5. By the time he arrives in London, John ______
194
(drive) for five hours. 6. This film ______ (probably/not/finish)
until midnight. 7. How long ______ (you/study) English by the end
of this term? 8. Don't worry! You ______ (forget) all about it by this
time next year. 9. By Friday I ______ (work) on this project for two
weeks. 10. Hopefully, he ______ (cook) dinner for us by the time
we get home. 11. I ______ (read) this book by tomorrow night. 12.
He hopes he ______ (make) a million pounds by the time he is
thirty. 13. By 5 o'clock I ______ (do) this crossword puzzle for three
hours.
195
лет. 7. В доме замечательно пахло. Бабушка с утра варила
клубничное варенье. 8. Рабочие попросили нас ни к чему не
прислоняться, так как они только что красили стены. 9. Когда я
вошел в комнату, все замолчали, и я понял, что они говорили
обо мне. 10. Наш шеф вошел в офис и пожаловался, что собака
сжевала доклад, над которым он работал все выходные.
Table 2
Sequence of Tenses
Past Continuous
he was watching TV.
Past Simple
He said Past Perfect
she had just left.
196
XI. Fill in with Past Simple or Past Perfect, then state which
action happened first.
Last Monday Angie got up (get up) for work as usual and ______
(go) to the kitchen to have some breakfast. But when she ______
(open) the fridge, she ______ (find) that her flatmate Lucy
______ (drink) all the milk - not a good start to the day! So she
______ (have) a quick cup of black coffee, ______ (get) dressed
and ______ (go) out to the car. There she ______ (find) that she
______ (forget) to put the cover on the car the night before and
197
there ______ (be) thick frost all over the windscreen. She
______ (scrape) it all off and ______ (get) into the car.
However, when she ______ (turn) the key, nothing ______
(happen)! Someone ______ (leave) the headlights on and the
battery ______ (go) flat. She ______ (be) furious as Lucy
______ (use) the car last and it ______ (be) her who ______
(forget) to switch off the lights. Angie ______ (head) for the bus
stop to wait in the freezing cold.
XIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past form.
I remember when I went (go) on holiday abroad for the first time. I
______ (just/leave) school. I ______ (study) very hard for my final
exams and I ______ (feel) that I needed a holiday. A friend of
mine ______ (want) to come as well so we ______ (look) at some
brochures from the travel agent's. We ______ (read) for about an
hour when my friend ______ (find) the perfect holiday – two weeks
in Hawaii. We ______ (be) very excited about it. Finally the day of
our holiday ______ (arrive). We ______ (just/leave) the house
when the phone ______ (ring). I ______ (run) back into the house,
but the phone ______ (stop) by the time I ______ (reach) it. When
we ______ (arrive) at the airport we ______ (sit) in the cafeteria.
The airline ______ (just/make) an announcement. Our flight was
delayed for eight hours. We ______ (get up) very early and rushed
to the airport, all for nothing.
198
they saw that they ______ (hit) some hard object which ______
(tear) a hole in the side of the ship. Water ______ (pour) into the
steamship at an alarming speed. Fortunately another ship arrived
half an hour later, just in time to save everyone on board.
199
XVII. Open the brackets using the correct tense form. Translate
the passage into Russian:
200
"How very nice it is to see you again," she said. "It ______
(be) years since we last ______ (meet),"
201
______ (be) silent for a little, and then the mother ______ (nudge)
the girl. She ______ (not try) to soften the blow. She ______ (tell)
him straight out, with the blunt directness of her race, that she
______ (can) not marry a man who never ______ (be) strong enough
to work like a man. They ______ (make up) their minds, her mother
and father and she, and her father never ______ (give) his consent.
When Salvatore ______ (go) home he ______ (find) that they
all ______ (know). The girl's father ______ (be) to tell them what
they ______ (decide), but they ______ (lack) the courage to tell him
themselves. He ______ (weep) on his mother's bosom. He ______
(be) terribly unhappy, but he ______ (not blame) the girl. A
fisherman's life ______ (be) hard and it ______ (need) strength and
endurance. He ______ (know) very well that a girl ______ (can) not
afford to marry a man who ______ (may) not be able to support her.
His smile ______ (be) very sad and his eyes ______ (have) the look
of a dog that ______ (beat), but he ______ (not complain), and he
never ______ (say) a hard word of the girl he ______ (love) so well.
Then, a few months later, when he ______ (settle) down to the
common round, working in his father's vineyard and fishing, his
mother ______ (tell) him that there was a young woman in the village
who was willing to marry him. Her name ______ (be) Assunta.
202
UNIT 7
TRAVELLING
Lead in: Before reading the text answer the following questions:
Boy in Rome
(An Excerpt)
203
they tried me out the next Saturday. The Americans liked me I
guess, because I reminded them of home.
The money was fair and the hours fitted in with my school and
I also thought that the job might offer me an opportunity to meet
some wealthy American who would take me back to the US but I
never did.
I saw lots of American wanderers and I saw, in my course of
duty, how great is the hunger in many of them who have
comfortable and lovely homes to wander around the world and see
its sights. Sometimes when I watched them piling into the bus it
seemed to me that we are a wandering breed like the nomads. On
the trip we first went to the villa where they had a half hour to see
the place and take pictures, and then I counted them off and we
drove up the big hill to Tivoli. They took more pictures and I
showed them where to buy the cheapest souvenirs and then we
would drive past all the new factories and into Rome.
In the wintertime it was dark when we got back to town and
the bus would go around to all the hotels where they were staying.
The tourists were always very quiet on the trip back and I think this
was because, in their sightseeing bus, they felt the strangeness of
Rome swirling around them with its lights and haste and cooking
smells, where they had no friends and relations, no business of any
kind really but to visit ruins and listen to people speaking another
language.
Travelling
204
and she wants to know whether we’ll join them on a tour of the
Continent. It’s a marvellous idea, isn’t it?
J.: I dare say it is.
M.: They are thinking of driving to Moscow through several
European countries. If we share the cost of petrol between us, it
won’t be too expensive, will it?
J.: I shouldn’t think so.
M. Besides, we can take tents and camp there. They have so
many camping sites in Russia, don’t they?
J.: Now you mention it, I believe they have.
M.: We’ll be able to get visas and things quite easily, won’t we?
J.: I should think so.
M.: We’ll have a wonderful time. And after all, it is very
important to get to know other countires, isn’t it?
J.: I suppose it is.
M.: Jim! You are being very indifferent about the whole thing.
Do try and show a bit more enthusiasm. You want to go abroad this
summer, don’t you?
J.: Well, I do, Maggie, but I would like you to be more
persistent. First it was visiting Jamaica, then a cruise round South
America, then camping in Majorca, and now you come up with this
idea about Moscow.
M.: Jim, don’t you think you are being unfair? After all, I’m
only doing my best to fix up an interesting holiday for us, and I
really think this latest idea is the best one.
J.: Well, it isn’t so bad, I suppose, unless you change your
mind again. And you won’t do it, will you, Maggie?
M.: Well, I don’t suppose so. But you never know.
Notes
1. John Cheever, a well-known American writer, gained a name in
modern literature mainly as a story-teller. His works first
appeared in the New Yorker, a popular weekly, in the forties. In
his stories, and later in novels, he deals with the problems of
ordinary people – their domestic life, its strain, its inner drama.
Among his novels are: Bullet Park, Falconer, the Brigadier and
the Golf Widow.
205
Vocabulary
206
времени
2. доставлять this afforded me great
pleasure это доставило мне большое
удовольствие; this afforded me a chance to
speak out это дало мне возможность
высказать свое мнение
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2. наставлять; давать советы he guided
me in my business transactions он давал
мне советы в деловых операциях; I shall
be guided by your advice я буду
руководствоваться вашими советами
guidebook n путеводитель; инструкция
208
wander v бродить; брести he wandered round the
empty house every night каждую ночь он
бродил по пустому дому; he wandered
towards the sea он брел к морю; I
wandered into a bookshop я заглянул в
книжный магазин; fig. his thoughts began
to wander у него начали разбредаться
мысли; you are wandering from the point
вы отклоняетесь от темы; he is wandering
он бредит
wanderings n странствия
209
это ничего не значит; every second counts
каждая секунда имеет значение
4. to count on рассчитывать на,
полагаться на; you can always count on
her на нее всегда можно положиться;
Count one’s chickens before they are
hatched делить шкуру неубитого медведя
(посл.)
210
he couldn’t face the disgrace он не мог
вынести позора; you’ll have to face the
consequences вам придется отвечать за
последствия; he faced the situation bravely
он не отступил перед трудностями
Word combinations
at last – наконец
Exercises
211
7. What dreams did he connect with the job?
8. Why did the Americans like him?
9. Why did he say that the hours fitted in with his school?
10. Why did he call the Americans “wandering breed”?
11. What did the tourists do while visiting places?
12. Why were the tourists very quiet on the trip back?
III. Study the phrases and use them in sentences of your own.
Be buried in; all the year round; talk to smb. about smth; be
out of the question; go back for the summer; get some money; find a
part-time job; part-time student; spend time doing smth; spend one’s
breath; short trip to some place; trip on a stone; afford the time;
afford a chance; rent a car; guide smb. in business; remind smb
about smth; fair and square; wander from the point; hunger strike;
count on smb; take your time; make haste; book a passage to; be in
smb’s bad books; read smb like a book; face the consequences; as a
matter of fact; see to everything.
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Let’s take some pictures of this place, shall we?
Don’t wander all over the place, will you?
I am very helpful, aren’t I?
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сидели за одной партой. 8. Когда Том был маленьким
мальчиком, он обычно играл в этой части дома. 9. Она имела
обыкновение приглашать соседей, чтобы скоротать долгие
зимние вечера. 10. Раньше он проводил все выходные в клубе с
друзьями, но когда он женился, все изменилось. 11. Сейчас вы
выглядите лучше, чем раньше. Отдых пошел вам на пользу. 12.
Мы, бывало собирались у Сэма, играли в шахматы или
обсуждали текущие события. 13. Раньше мы каждое
воскресенье ездили за город, но сейчас у всех семьи и куча
забот.
1. He flew ___ Treviso and took a train ___ Venice, where Jill
waited ___ him ___ a Swiss hotel. What he wanted to do then
was to move ___ their third-rate hotel ___ a better one and
spend a week ___ the beach. ___ their second day ___ Venice
she got ___ ___ seven, made instant coffee ___ a toothbrush
glass and rushed him off ___ eight o’clock mass ___ St.
Mark’s Church, though he was not interested ___ painting or
mosaics. He guessed that she had got ___ the habit ___ tireless
sightseeing. They had lunch ___ a trattoria and toured
churches and museums ___ closing time.
2. ___ a cold grey morning I came ___ the railway station to see
___ an old friend who was starting ___ America. Here we
were stiff and self-conscious ___ the platform; and framed ___
the window ___ the railway-carriage, was the face ___ our
friend. He was upset and excited ___ the same time.
3. As ___ me there is no travel so fine as travelling ___ boat. I
like to feel the deck ___ the boat ___ my feet, to see the rise
and falls ___ the waves, to feel the fresh sea wind blowing ___
my face. And what excitement there is ___ coming ___ the
harbour and seeing ___ us, all the ships, steamers, cargo-ships,
sailing ships and rowing boats.
4. I prefer travelling ___ air. It is more comfortable and ___
course far quicker than any other way ___ travelling. There is
214
none ___ the dust and dirt ___ a railway or car journey, none
___ the trouble ___ changing ___ train ___ steamer and then
___ another train. And certainly no problems ___ your
luggage, because ___ having your luggage weighed the
attendant attaches a special tag ___ it. There is no need to
worry ___ you suit-case any longer, it will be taken care ___
___ one ___ the porters and put ___ luggage compartment ___
the plane.
Let out, find out, back out, put out, look out, run out, carry out, keep
out, die out, turn out, rub out, cut out, sell out.
215
Guide v; hastily; hasten; spendthrift; spend (2); book v; hunger;
trip (n, v); afford; facing (2); wander (2); reminder; fair; rented;
count (2); part-time.
216
nuns with suitcases came in and sat down next to me. They didn’t
seem to know what to do with their suitcases and I _____ to help
them. 18. At last he found a _____ job. That meant he would be able
to devote the second half of the day to his researches.
217
shudder as the tugs started to pull it out of the (гавани), and she
stood among the (пассажиров на палубе), watching the Statue of
Liberty slide out of sight, and then she went exploring.
X. Test translation.
218
Не может быть и речи о том, что тебе позволят поступить на
заочное отделение. 20. Жизнь предоставила мне удобный
случай, и я решил воспользоваться им.
219
вокзал с его печалью прощаний и радостью встреч. Вокзалы
(морские, воздушные, железнодорожные) пробуждают тоску по
далекому и неизведанному. Для большинства людей они
воплощают в себе бегство от серых будней, приключения и
романтику. Вокзалы встречают и провожают тысячи людей,
перед ними проносится множество судеб, но они имеют и свою
собственную жизнь.
Старейший в мире вокзал находится в Англии. Это
знаменитый Ливерпул-Роад в Манчестере. Он был открыт в
1830 году, а перестал функционировать тридцать лет назад и
был превращен в железнодорожный музей. А вот день
рождения самого старого вокзала России – Витебского, в
Петербурге, был 30 октября 1837 года. Этот вокзал работает и
по сей день. К 300-летию города он был реконструирован и
теперь выглядит также как в лучшие времена.
Самый большой вокзал – это Гранд-Централ в Нью-Йорке:
он занимает 19 гектаров площади. Ежедневно через него
проходит более 500 поездов и около полумиллиона пассажиров.
Неудивительно, что именно там находится самое большое в
мире бюро находок.
В мире есть немало вокзалов, которые являются
шедеврами архитектуры XIX и XX веков. Их строительством
занимались лучшие архитекторы планеты, и в частности
архитектор Эйфель, знаменитый благодаря башне, которую он
построил в Париже.
Маленькая, но очень прогрессивная Япония задает тон в
железнодорожном менеджменте. На японских вокзалах есть не
только офисы и гостиницы, но и торговые центры, салоны
красоты, фитнес клубы и даже поля для игры в гольф, а на
железнодорожном вокзале в Цюрихе проходит ежегодный
фестиваль моды. Сюда приезжают представители европейских
Домов моды. А еще Германия может похвастаться тем, что в год
один раз, в День бутерброда, на германских вокзалах бесплатно
раздают тысячи бутербродов.
Центральный вокзал Амстердама поистине визитная
карточка своего города. Это очень красивое сооружение XIX
века из красного кирпича с башней и старинными часами
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является настоящим сердцем города. От вокзала лучами
расходятся старые улицы и каналы. И именно отсюда
начинаются все экскурсии.
1. Travelling is my hobby.
2. I spend my holidays travelling.
Focus on Grammar
Modal Verbs
Table 1
221
Use can and be able to express ability or possibility in present,
past or future.
1. You _____ (to take) a horse to the water, but you _____ (not to
make) him drink. 2. If you don’t follow the doctor’s instructions you
_____ (to recover) soon. 3. A policeman came up to him and said
that he _____ (to leave) his car there. 4. From the room upstairs
Sally _____ (to see) what was going on in the street. 5. Let’s take
my opera-glasses to the theatre then we _____ (to see) everything
no matter where our seats are. 6. She _____ (not to answer) all his
questions at once. She needed some time to think. 7. The trouble
was I didn’t have such a big sum of money either and _____ (not to
help) him. 8. You _____ (to move) to your new flat in a month. 9. I
looked around for a box of matches but _____ (not to find) one. 10.
Perhaps later we’ll go to my place and she _____ (to rest) a little.
11. If you don’t study hard you _____ (not to catch up) with the
group. 12. No one realized what was going on and in that turmoil
the thief _____ (to get) away. 13. I was sure that he _____ (not to
do) it in such a short time. 14. He started to run as fast as he _____.
15. My great-grandpa was a very educated man. He _____ (to
speak) ten languages. 16. A girl fell into the river but fortunately we
_____ (to rescue) her. 17. If I give you the camera _____ (to take) a
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photo of me and my friends? 18. It was snowing so heavily that I
_____ (not to see) across the road. 19. I _____ (not to understand)
the people who are cruel to animals. 20. He said he was sorry about
the situation but there was nothing he _____ (to do). 21. She is
terribly tired. I don’t think she _____ (to walk) any farther. 22. I
_____ (not to attend) the lecture because I was taking part in the
seminar the same day. 23. Nobody _____ (to do) it better than you.
So, find time and do it. 24. There is nobody to disturb me, and I
hope I _____ (to finish) the translation in time. 25. The little boy
_____ (not to reach) the doorbell and I helped him.
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поездку в Лондон следующим летом? 18. Ему удалось
арендовать помещение для офиса за умеренную плату. 19. Вы
всегда можете положиться на нее. 20. Теперь, когда у тебя есть
достаточно денег, ты сможешь заказать билет на пароход до
Лондона.
Table 2
Past 1. You could borrow this book from Nick. Why didn’t you
ask him?
2. You might park your car there.
III. Open the brackets using can or may in the required tense
form.
1. If you have had your breakfast you _____ (to go) for a walk. 2.
_____ I (to open) the window? 3. What have you been doing all this
time, _____ I (to ask)? 4. As soon as the boy _____ (to leave) the
room he ran to the nursery to join the other children. 5. You _____
(to read) this book in the original, it is not very difficult. 6. I was so
angry, I _____ (not to hide) my emotions. 7. You _____ (to see) him
every morning jogging in the park. 8. One night he went to the
theatre, hoping he _____ (to see) her there. 9. Mrs. Andrew thought
you _____ (to put) us up for the night. 10. She _____ (to make use)
of the school library as often as she wanted. 11. You made a mistake
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to think that we would obey. You _____ (to break) the body but you
_____ (not to break) the spirit. 12. You _____ (to take) my notes I
don’t need them today. 13. As soon as the children finished their
lessons they _____ (to watch) TV. 14. He asked if he _____ (to
borrow) my car. 15. He _____ (to join) the sports club as soon as he
recovers.
Table 3
225
2. Sometimes I have to work on Saturday.
3. You are to stay here, until we return.
1. You _____ (to finish) this translation not later than Friday. 2. He
_____ (to be) attentive at the lessons to understand everything
properly. 3. Wait a minute, Maggie, I _____ (to speak) to the
landlady and then we’ll go. 4. He warned me, that June _____ (to
leave) early next morning. 5. “I _____ (to have) a wash,” said Giles,
looking at his hands. 6. They _____ (to knock) twice and loudly
before Silas heard them. 7. You _____ (to stop) smoking. Smoking
is very bad for health. 8. To get some results you _____ (to work) at
your English regularly. 9. _____ you (to get up) early tomorrow?
10. It was Sunday and I _____ (not to get up) early. 11. One _____
(to think) twice before making a decision. 12. You _____ (to take)
my advice. There is no other solution to the problem. 13. I _____ (to
repeat) my request several times, before the clerk looked at me. 14.
Nick _____ (to come) first, open the doors, air the rooms and turn
on the heating due to our agreement. 15. You _____ (to tell) him
personally about it when he comes. 16. There were no taxis and they
_____ (to walk) all the way home. 17. He _____ (to alter) his
methods of teaching or the results will be very poor. 18. The Gadfly
_____ (to be taken) to hospital as his health was becoming worth
with every day. 19. Martin knew that he _____ (to stand up) when
introduced to somebody. 20. Children _____ (to be warned) to cross
the street only under the green light. 21. Nobody met me at the
station. I _____ (to arrive) by the four o’clock train but I failed to
get a ticket for it. 22. Remember that you _____ (to be) there at ten
226
in the morning, as we have arranged. 23. The Titanic _____ (to
cross) the Atlantic but unfortunately it ran into iceberg.
227
посоветоваться с ними. 20. Это произошло именно тогда, когда
она должна была ехать в Лондон. Ей пришлось вернуть билет.
Table 4
Use need not, didn’t need to, don’t have to to express absence of
obligation, necessity
228
необязательно звонить и напоминать ему об этом, он помнит о
своем обещании. 12. Ей не надо вызывать врача вечером, если
только она не почувствует себя хуже. 13. Преподаватель сказал,
что нам не надо делать эти упражнения письменно, мы можем
сделать их устно. 14. Все слова в газетной статье были знакомы,
и мне не пришлось пользоваться словарем. 15. В нашем районе
строится новый плавательный бассейн и детям теперь не надо
будет ездить в центр города, чтобы поплавать.
229
Востока, но заболел. 18. Какой беспорядок в вашей комнате.
Кто должен был собрать все игрушки и положить их в коробку?
19. Я вынужден был извиниться за твое поведение на вечеринке
у Питера, хотя мне было трудно сделать это. 20. Мы
договорились, что он должен остаться дома и присмотреть за
детьми. 21. Вы не должны расстраиваться каждый раз, когда вы
слышите об этом. Вы должны научиться контролировать ваши
эмоции. 22. Можно я дам вам один совет? Вы можете
прислушаться к нему или отвергнуть его. Но выслушать меня
вы должны. 23. Ты не можешь делать только то, что тебе
хочется. Ты живешь в обществе и должна соблюдать его
правила. 24. Я думаю они не смогли связаться с вами, не так
ли? 25. Они зашли в зал, где должен был проходить показ новой
коллекции летней одежды.
230
английском ты будешь читать, тем богаче станет твой
словарный запас. 15. Этот фильм не хуже того, который мы
посмотрели на прошлой неделе. 16. Каковы ваши дальнейшие
планы? Что вы намерены делать после окончания
университета? 17. В этом диктанте вы сделали меньше ошибок,
чем в предыдущем. Это значит, что сейчас вы работаете
усерднее, чем раньше. 18. Вы знаете английский не хуже, чем
ваши сокурсники, просто вы очень стеснительны. 19. Анна
водит машину осторожнее, чем ее муж. 20. Он говорит очень
медленно и мне трудно слушать его. 21. Чем дольше я живу в
этом районе города, тем больше он мне нравится. 22. Он чуть
не опоздал на поезд. Ему повезло, что поезд немного
задержался. 23. Я почувствовал себя плохо, поэтому не стал вас
ждать и сразу же отправился домой. 24. Все события,
происходящие в мире, тесно связаны между собой. 25. Я едва
мог узнать его. Он очень изменился.
231
UNIT 8
HEALTH
Lead in: Before reading the text answer the following questions:
(An Excerpt)
Embarcadero County was the oldest hospital in San Francisco,
and one of the oldest in the country. During the earthquake of 1989,
God had played a joke on the residents of San Francisco and left the
hospital standing.
It was an ugly complex, occupying more than three square
blocks, with buildings of brick and stone, gray with years.
Embarcadero County Hospital was a city within a city. There
were over nine thousand people employed at the hospital, including
four hundred staff physicians, one hundred and fifty part-time
voluntary physicians, eight hundred residents, and three thousand
nurses.
232
Now, on the first day of the arrival of the new residents in July,
Dr. Benjamin Wallace, the hospital administrator, rose to address
them.
“I want to welcome all of you new resident doctors this
morning. For the first two years of medical school, you worked with
cadavers. In the last two years, you have worked with hospital
patients under the supervision of senior doctors. Now it’s you who
are going to be responsible for your patients. From now on,
everything you do could be a matter of life or death.”
They were listening attentively, hanging on every word.
“Embarcadero is a county hospital. That means we admit
anyone who comes to our door. Most of the patients are indigent.
They come here because they can’t afford a private hospital. Our
emergency rooms are busy twenty-four hours a day. You’re going to
be overworked and underpaid. Our motto here is “Watch one, do
one, teach one.”
“We’re badly understaffed, and the quicker we can get you into
the operating rooms, the better.
Your first day officially begins tomorrow. You will report to
the main reception desk at five-thirty tomorrow morning. Good
luck!”
At six o’clock the following morning, the residents gathered in
the corridor to begin their rounds. The group consisted of Dr.
Allison, Tom Benson, who was his chief assistant, and five
residents, including Honey Taft.
Now, as Allison looked at Honey, he thought, Okay, sister, let’s
see what you’ve got. He turned to the group. “Let’s go.”
The first patient in Ward One was a teenage girl lying in bed,
covered with heavy blankets. She was asleep when the group
approached her.
“All right,” Dr. Allison said. “I want you all to take a look at
her chart.”
The residents began to study the patient’s chart. Dr. Allison
turned to Honey. “This patient has fever, chills and general malaise.
She has a temperature, a cough, and pneumonia. What’s your
diagnosis, Dr. Taft?”
Honey stood there silent. “Well?”
233
“Well,” Honey said thoughtfully, “I would say she probably
has psittacosis2—parrot fever.”
Dr. Allison was looking at her in surprise. “What . . . what
makes you say that?”
“Her symptoms are typical of psittacosis, and I noticed that she
works part-time as a clerk in a pet shop. Psittacosis is transmitted by
infected parrots.”
Allison nodded slowly. “That’s . . . that’s very good. Do you
know what the treatment is?”
“Yes. Tetracycline for ten days, strict bed rest, and plenty of
fluids.”
Dr. Allison turned to the group, “Did you all hear that? Dr. Taft
is absolutely right.”
They moved on to the next patient.
Dr. Allison said, “If you’ll examine his chart, you’ll find that
he has tumor, bloody effusion, and fatigue. What’s the diagnosis?”
One of the residents said, hopefully, “It sounds like some form
of pneumonia.”
A second resident spoke up. “It could be cancer.”
Dr. Allison turned to Honey. “What is your diagnosis, doctor?”
Honey looked thoughtful. “Offhand, I’d say it was a form of
poisoning. His chart shows that he works in a carpet mill.”
Ted Allison could not conceal his admiration. “Excellent!
Excellent! Do you happen to know what the therapy is?”
“Unfortunately, no specific therapy is available yet.’’
It became even more impressive. In the next two hours Honey
diagnosed a lot of rare cases.
When the rounds were over, Dr. Allison shook Honey’s hand.
“I’m not easily impressed, doctor, but I want to tell you that you
have a tremendous future!”
Honey blushed. “Thank you, Dr. Allison.”
“And I intend to tell Ben Wallace so,” he said as he walked
away.
234
Dialogue 1
At a Doctor’s
— Next, please. Oh, it is you again, Mr. Parker. What's the
matter with you this time?
— You'd better ask me what is not the matter with me. I suffer
from all the imaginable illnesses: insomnia, headaches, backache,
indigestion, constipation and pains in the stomach. Moreover I’ve
caught a cold, I've got a sore throat and I'm constantly sneezing and
coughing. And besides I met with an accident the other day, hurt my
left arm, leg and knee, and nearly broke my neck. In fact, I feel more
dead than alive.
— Very sorry to hear that. But I’m sure that things aren't as
bad as you imagine. Let me examine you. Your heart, chest and
lungs seem to be all right. Now open your mouth and show me your
tongue. Now breathe in deeply, through the nose... There doesn't
seem to be anything wrong with you, but it's quite clear that you're
run down, and if you don't take care of yourself, you may have a
nervous breakdown and will have to go to hospital. Firstly, I advise
you to stop worrying. Secondly, take a long rest, have regular
meals, keep to a diet of salads and fruit, and very little meat. And of
course keep off alcohol.
— Do you smoke, Mr. Parker?
— Yes.
— So you will have to give up smoking as well, at least for
some time. And moreover have this mixture made up and take two
tablespoons three times a day after meals. If you do this, I promise
you will recover within a month.
— And if I don't, doctor?
— Then you'd better make your will, if you haven't yet done
so.
— I see. Well, thank you, doctor. I’ll think it over and decide
which is the less evil: to follow your advice or prepare for a better
world.
235
Dialogue 2
At a Dentist’s
Notes
236
Mr Sheldon and his wife live in southern California.
Vocabulary
237
себя побежденным; phr. it’s generally
admitted that общепризнано что; I admit your
claim я принимаю ваше требование; the
matter admits no delay дело не терпит
отлагательства; admit to a crime сознаться в
преступлении
2. принимать; допускать; впускать he was
admitted to the university его приняли в
университет; we were not admitted into the
hall нас не впустили в зал; phr. be admitted to
the bar получить право адвокатской
практики в суде
admission n 1. вход; допуск admission free вход
свободный; admission by ticket вход по
билетам; price of admission входная плата;
the admission of women to this club is being
discussed now допуск женщин в этот клуб
обсуждается
2. признание admission of guilt признание
вины; admisson of one’s defeat признание
поражения
admittance n 3. вход; допуск no admittance вход
воспрещен; I was denied admittance меня не
впустили
report v
1. сообщать; докладывать; рассказывать
the incident was reported in the newspaper о
происшествии было напечатано в газете; it
is reported from London из Лондона
сообщают; he was reported missing было
объявлено, что он без вести пропал; to
report a theft to the police заявить в полицию
о краже; she reported Tom to the headmaster
for his rudeness она пожаловалась директору
на грубость Тома
2. составлять, давать отчет he used to
report for the Times он работал репортером в
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Таймс; they reported well of you они хорошо
report n отзывались о вас
доклад; отчет; донесение an annual report
ежегодный отчет; intelligence report
донесения разведки; make a report on a
business trip написать отчет о командировке;
the policeman wrote his report полицейский
составил протокол; weather report сводка
reporter n погоды; a school report табель
репортер
assist v
помогать, содействовать assist smb with
money помочь кому-л деньгами;assist smb in
assistance n his work помочь в работе
помощь, содействие render smb assistance
оказывать помощь; сan I be of any assistance
to you? могу ли я чем-нибудь помочь вам?
239
a turn мясо поджарено как раз в меру; phr.
do smb a good/bad turn оказать кому-л
добрую/медвежью услугу
lie (lay,lain) v лежать she lay on the grass all morning; lie in
wait выжидать; lie at anchor стоять на якоре;
lie in ruins лежать в руинах; lie back
откидываться (на стуле); the fields lay deep
in snow на полях лежал глубокий снег; phr.
lie low for a bit затаиться на время; where
does the problem lie? в чем проблема? the
responsibility lies with him ответственность
лежит на нем; as you have made your bed, so
you must lie on it сам заварил кашу – сам и
расхлебывай (посл.)
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chill n холод; простуда to catch a chill
простудиться; there is a chill in the air
прохладно, холодает; take the chill off the
meal подогреть еду; his arrival cast a chill
over the party его приезд положил конец
веселью
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notice в срочном порядке; he took no notice
of me он не обращал на меня внимания
noticeable adj заметный, очевидный
242
свидетеля; examine evidence изучать улики
examination n осмотр customs examination таможенный
досмотр; be under examination допрашивать;
the prisoner is under examination заключенного
допрашивают
243
открытие, казалось, подтверждало его
теорию
blusher n румяна
Word combinations
244
Exercises
245
палаты скорой помощи; острая нехватка персонала; взглянуть
на историю болезни; ответить задумчиво; типичные симптомы.
V. Pick out words and phrases from the text and dialogues and
group them according to the topics:
a. Disease. b. Parts of the body. c. Treatment.
246
VII. Match the definitions with the terms.
247
______ what is causing the high temperature. 15. Try to keep
______ this diet for the next four weeks. 16. The baby is growing
quickly and putting ______ weight.
Pattern: The quicker we can get you into the operating rooms, the
better.
1. Чем больше у тебя денег, тем больше ты их хочешь. 2.Чем
раньше мы уедем, тем скорее мы доберемся до дома. 3. Чем
больше ты читаешь, тем больше ты знаешь. 4.Чем дольше она
жила с ним, тем лучше она его понимала. 5. Чем дороже отель,
тем лучше там обслуживание (service). 6. Чем известнее
художник, тем дороже его картины. 7. Чем интереснее роман,
тем легче он читается.
Look at, look after, look for, look forward to smth, look through, look
the word up, look up to smb.
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1. Don’t worry! I can stay with the children while you are at the
theatre. 2. Mark was sitting in the living-room turning over the
pages of a magazine absent-mindedly. 3. I am not sure about the
meaning of this word. I must consult the dictionary. 5. I am waiting
for your visit impatiently. 5. He was trying to find the ball under
the table. 6. He was gazing at the fire and did not answer my
question. 7. He is respected by everybody.
XII. Fill in the blanks with the suitable word. Translate the
sentences into Russian.
249
be asked to sign a _______ form. 6. A patient who is well enough to
go home will be ________ . 7. A patient who does not need to stay
in hospital overnight can see the hospital specialist as an ________
and will be given an appointment to attend the ______. 8. When
colleagues are absent from work because of illness, others will have
to _______ them. 9. Patients who are getting better are _________.
Many Health Service hospitals are _____ and ______, and, because
of the shortage of beds, _____ often have to ____ a long time for
_____. Rich people prefer to go to ____ doctors, or to see ____
somewhere else. When these people are ___ they go to a ____
nursing-home, for which they ___ as much as $100 a week.
Alternatively, they may hire a ____ room in an ___ hospital, for
which they will pay about $50 a day.
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XIV. Test translation.
251
Я буду весьма благодарен, если вы окажете мне помощь в
поисках нужного лекарства для моего отца. 25. Все гости стали
выворачивать свои карманы, чтобы доказать, что кольца у них
не было. 26. Том и пальцем не пошевельнул, чтобы помочь
другу, когда тот оказался в беде. 27. Я очень рада, что ваши
отношения изменились к лучшему. 28. Если состояние больного
изменится к худшему, немедленно вызывайте врача. 29. Все мои
просьбы он пропустил мимо ушей. 30. Он думал, что помог мне
решить мою семейную проблему, а на самом деле он оказал мне
медвежью услугу.
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(ctrtificate) о том, что в семье и доме нет инфекционных
заболеваний. 18. На рубеже столетий человечество оказалось
свидетелем исторических и экологических катастроф. 19. Как
раз в тот момент, когда Розмэри собиралась сесть в машину, к
ней подошла девушка и попросила немного денег. 20. Весь
город лежал в руинах после сильного землетрясения. 21.
Пожалуйста затаись на время; я не хочу, чтобы нас обнаружила
охрана. 22. К чему все эти споры? В чем проблема? Давайте
выслушаем каждого, а затем решим как лечить больного от этой
болезни. 23. Я так долго ждал тебя на улице, что продрог до
костей. Придется выпить пару таблеток аспирина. 24. Первое,
что бросается в глаза, когда летишь над Москвой, это густая
крона деревьев за которой ничего не видно. 25. Настоящим
уведомляется, что завещание будет оглашено в субботу в 11
часов. 26. Не обращай на него внимания, он всегда такой
хмурый, когда голоден. 27. Так странно видеть, что родители
обращаются с ней как с ребенком, хотя ей уже давно не 20. 28. В
газетах сообщалось о том, как плохо обращаются с
заключенными в тюрьмах Ирака. 29. Говорят, что для умелого
хакера любой компьютер доступен. 30. Чтобы исключить
любые неожиданности в судебном деле, следует тщательно
изучить все улики.
A
На греческом острове Кос в 460 году до н. э. родился
Гиппократ (Hippocrates), величайший врач античного мира.
Книги, написанные его учениками и собранные в так
называемый «Гиппократов сборник», стали источником знаний
на протяжении многих столетий.
Гиппократ происходил из семьи, члены которой из
поколения в поколение занимались искусством врачевания (art
of healing). Еще будучи двадцатилетним юношей Гиппократ
пользовался славой превосходного врача. Именно в этом
возрасте он ездил в Египет для пополнения знаний. Через
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несколько лет Гиппократ вернулся на родной остров, долгие
годы занимался там врачебной практикой (practice medicine) и
основал там врачебную школу. Когда в столице Греции
возникла эпидемия, Гиппократ был вызван в Афины и
некоторое время жил там. К концу жизни он переехал в
Фессалию, где и умер в 377 году до н. э. Долгие годы его могила
была местом паломничества.
Подобно всем врачам древности Гиппократ занимался в
основном практической медициной. Он утверждал, что широко
применявшиеся в его время заклинания, молитвы и жертвы,
приносимые богам, не достаточны для определения и лечения
болезней. Гиппократ рекомендовал тщательное обследование
пациента, указал на необходимость обращать внимание на его
положение во время сна, частоту пульса и температуру тела. По
мнению Гиппократа, хороший врач должен определить
состояние пациента по одному внешнему виду. Заострившийся
нос, впалые щеки и землистый цвет лица свидетельствуют о
близкой смерти больного. Еще и теперь такая картина
определяется как «лицо Гиппократа» (Hippocratic face).
Гиппократ лечил пациентов целебными травами (herbs),
которых знал свыше двухсот. Возражал против применения
сразу многих лекарств и провозгласил повсеместно теперь
применяемый в медицине принцип: врач прежде всего обязан
не вредить больному — Рrimum non nocere.
B
Прекрасно, если у литератора есть еще одна профессия,
которая кормила его до стихов и прозы или продолжает кормить
наряду со стихами и прозой. У такого литератора твердая почва
под ногами (firm ground), шире взгляд на жизнь, острее глаз.
Однажды в доме Чеховых, на семейном совете (family
council), было решено, что Антон Чехов должен стать врачом. В
самом деле, это было очень хорошее, практичное решение, даю-
щее уверенность, что молодой человек, вступающий в жизнь,
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наверняка сумеет прокормить и себя и семью (to support the
family).
Антон Чехов начинал с медицины. Он был медиком и
тогда, когда писал «Чайку» (“The Seagull”). И умер он великим
писателем и — по первой профессии — медиком. Он многим
помогал, многих спасал — от холеры (cholera), например, и дру-
гих болезней. Он не смог только спасти самого себя. Так
случается довольно часто с настоящими людьми.
Чехов доказал, что если у тебя есть литераторский талант,
то никакая «апробированная» профессия не убьет его, не
заглушит, а скорее наоборот. Впрочем до него эту истину
подтвердили доктор медицины Франсуа Рабле, полковой врач
(medical officer) Фридрих Шиллер, военный врач Владимир
Даль и многие другие.
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3. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
4. A disease known is half cured.
a) not to look quite well; not to feel too well; a cold in the head
and a slight headache; see a doctor; run a temperature; give a
thorough examination; listen to the heart, to sound the lungs;
be put on the sick-list; make out a prescription; prescribe a
treatment for; three days' treatment; put smb. right.
b) consult a doctor; a light epidemic of flu; prescribe the
medicine for; be light-headed; would rather; do good; take
smth. easy; keep from doing smth.; there is nothing to worry
about; on condition that; be of no importance.
c) see a dentist; be wrong with; feel pain; fill smb’s tooth; pull
out a tooth; have one’s teeth X-rayed; give an injection; write
out a prescription for; follow doctor’s directions; take
medicine; make an appointment with a doctor.
1. A good surgeon must have and eagle’s eye, a lion’s heart, and a
lady’s hand.
2. Surgeons think they are gods. They bring the dead to life.
3. Health and wealth create beauty.
4. Health and money go far.
5. Health is better than wealth.
6. A good wife and health is a man’s best wealth.
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7. A priest sees people at their best, a lawyer at their worst, but a
doctor sees them as they really are.
8. One doctor makes work for another.
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Complex Object
Table 1
She was waiting for a bus. I saw it. I saw her waiting for a bus.
257
I saw him running across the street.
I felt someone crawling up my leg.
Note: If the verb see means “understand” and the verb hear “be
told” a subordinate clause is used and not complex object.
Exercises
258
Pattern: The car collided with a lorry. They all saw it. "What did all
of them see?" "They saw the car collide with a lorry."
1. The car hit a lamp-post. The policeman saw it. What did the
policeman see? 2. Mary said she fired Tom. Michael heard it. What
did Michael hear? 3. Somebody took Jack by the sleeve. Jack felt it.
What did Jack feel? 4. The house caught fire. They didn't notice it.
What didn't they notice? 5. Tom and Harold were playing tennis.
Madge was watching it. What was Madge watching?
1. I’d like you ____ the paper today (deliver) 2. The Chairman
wanted the contract ____after the meeting (sign) 3. She watched him
____away until she could see him no more (walk). 4. I noticed him
____ her a quick look (give). 5. When I turned my head I saw him
still ____in the doorway (stand). 6. As he sat on the bank of the
river he felt the wind _____ colder and colder (get). 7. I heard the
child ____ behind the wall (cry). 8. He thought he heard somebody
___him (call). 9. She noticed him ___ something to the man sitting
in front of him (pass). 10. Did you hear her ____that unpleasant
remark (make)?
1. They saw someone ______ on the bench near the gate. 2. I want
the letters ______ to me as soon as possible. 3. She felt her heart
______ wildly. 4. Darkness found him still ______ for his friends to
return. 5. We heard someone ______ in the next room. 6. The girl
felt tears______ to her eyes at the sad thought. 7. They had his car
259
______ at the door the whole day. 8. It is nice to see people ______
themselves.
Table 2
260
Tom let me read the letter.
Alice let me drive her car yesterday.
Mum let the children stay awake till 11 o’clock yesterday.
Jump; read; smoke; cry; go; look back; help; laugh; move;
understand; believe.
1. Mr Johson doesn’t let anyone ___ in his office. 2. The film was
very sad. It made me ____ . 3. We were kept at the police station for
an hour and then they let us ___ . 4. The sudden noise made me ___.
5. She wouldn’t let me ___ the letter. 6. Her words made him ___
that he was mistaken. 7. I can’t make this car ___ . 8. Let me ___
you to carry your things. 9. The jokes he told made everybody ___ .
10. What made you ___ this story? 11. The noise behind me made
me ___ .
VII. Ask each other questions using complex object with make or
let.
261
III. Не позволяйте: 1. ему брать эти вещи. 2. ей заказывать
дорогие блюда в ресторане 3. им лгать вам 4. им звонить вам в
любое время 5. ему гулять, когда идет дождь.
Table 3
262
I believe Ann to become a good doctor.
The teacher permitted them to turn their assignments in later.
He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house.
I got Nick to do this job.
263
II. Никто не хотел, чтобы: 1. ты позвонил нам сегодня; 2. ты
пришел так поздно; 3. полиция быстро раскрыла это
преступление; 4. вы что-то делали в саду; 5. твоя тетя
проинформировала нас об этом.
Trouble Spot
264
INTRANSITIVE TRANSITIVE
Rise means to get up, move up under one’s own power (without
the help of someone else), increase.
The sun rises early in summer.
When oil and water mix, oil rises to the top.
House prices are rising with every year.
XIV. Fill in the blanks with lie/lay. Use the correct form of
the verb.
265
______motionless for 10 minutes. 5. I ______the papers out on
the table. 6. ______the tent down on the grass. 7. Sharon
______her hand on my arm. 8. Don’t ______in the sun for too
long. 9. The town ______in a small valley. 10. The man’s
coming to ______ the carpets on Saturday. 11. The
responsibility for this problem ______ within the government.
12. Then both sides start trying to ______the blame on each
other. 13. Please ______still, the doctor will examine you. 14. A
proverb says: “Let sleeping dogs ______.” 15. Have you ever
______in the hot sand? 16. Why ______children ______on the
floor? 17. As you have made your bed so you must ______ on
it.
XVI. Fill in the blanks with rise/raise. Use the correct form of
the verb.
1. The student ______ his hand. 2. He ______ the child over his
head. 3. John ______ his grades substantially. 4. In what part of the
world does the sun ______? 5. He never ______ his voice. 6. Jim
______early so that he could play golf before the others. 7. Mr.
Daniels has ______ his tenants' rent another fifteen dollars. 8. It
must be late; the moon has ______9. The crane ______out of the
266
lake. 10. Prices have ______more than ten percent in a very short
time. 11. The OPEC countries have ______the price of oil. 12. After
the heavy rain, the water in the lake ______another two feet. 13. The
manager decided to ______the picture a few more inches. 14. The
soldier ______the flag when he heard the blow. 15. In chemistry
class, we learned that hot air ______. 16. They are trying to ______
money to build a new club.
1. The old man was seriously ill. He was running ______ high
temperature. 2. ______clinical thermometer is ______small
thermometer for finding ______temperature of ______body. 3. I've
______bad cold in ______head. 4. She overworked and had ______
bad headache. People who do not get enough ______ sleep often
have ______ headaches. 5. ______boiling point of ______Fahren-
heit thermometer is 212°, of ______Centigrade thermometer —
100°. 6. His high temperature worried ______boy because he didn't
know ______difference between ______Fahrenheit and Centigrade
thermometers. 7. I have ______ splitting headache and______bad
cold in______head. 8. “I’ll put you on______sick-list for three
days," the doctor said. "Keep to bed. You'll be in______good health
by______end of______week, I hope." 9. He was treated
for______chicken-pox but it turned out to be______scarlet fever.
10. I just can't stop sneezing, and I've got______splitting headache,
and on top of that I have______sore throat. 11 ______kilometer is
______measure of length as well as ______mile and______foot;
______kilogram and ______pound are ______measures of weight.
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Just then ______doctor came in to say that he was ready to see
______next person. Hob got up and went into ______consulting
room.
Before Hob could say ______word the doctor said, "Now what's
______trouble? Sit down there and we'll have ______look at you.
Unfasten your jacket and your shirt, please. I'll listen to your heart."
Hob tried to speak, but ______doctor interrupted him and ordered
him to say "ninety-nine". Hob said it. "Now let me see your throat,
open your mouth wide." ______doctor had ______good look and
then he said, "Well, there's nothing ______wrong with you." "I
know there isn't," said Hob, "I just came to get ______bottle of
medicine for my uncle."
268
List of Reference
269
18. Round-up 6 English Grammar Practice. V. Evans.
Longman, 1999.
19. Understanding and Using English Grammar. B.Sh. Azar.
Third Edition. Longman, 1999.
270