General Review Questions in Animal Science 39. Animal starch. Glycogen.

40. What do you call the yellow part of the egg? Yolk.
1. What makes the buffaloes unable to stay long under the sun? Has less number of sweat glands. 41. Responsible in the secretion of albumen during egg development. Magnum .
2. What is the major organs belonging to the integumentary system? Skin. 42. Serves in storing the food in chicken. Crop.
3. Type of animals that secrete milk. Mammals. 43. Rise in body temperature. Fever.
4. What is the organ of copulation of hens? Cloaca. 44. Refers to the management of animals for the purpose of making profit. Animal Husbandry.
5. Major mineral component of chicken egg. Calcium Carbonate. 45. Examples of careers associated with animal science. Dairy processing, Feed milling industry, Food and
6. Where is blood formed in the body of animals? Spinal Column. Meat processing.
7. Study of the structure of the body and the relation of its parts. Anatomy. 46. Which region in the country having the highest number of carabaos. Ilocos Region.
8. A system responsible in the extraction and removal of waste products from the blood. Excretory system 47. Refers to young goat. Kid.
9. The largest gland in the body. Liver. 48. Young deer. Fawn.
10. Gas carried by the artery. Oxygen . 49. The largest organ of the body. Skin.
11. The organ responsible in pumping the blood. Heart. 50. The hormone that promotes growth. Growth Hormone.
12. The type of milk secreted by mammals immediately after parturition. Colustrom. 51. It secretes milk. Mammary Gland/udder
13. A hormone that induces heat. Estrogen. 52. The length of gestation period of pigs in days. 114 days
14. Means by which heat is lost from the body. Radiation, conduction, convection: through skin (sweat, 53. An animal that is always in heat due to continuous secretion of estrogen. Nymphomaniac/ Chronic
lungs, feces, urine) buller.
15. The system that produces anti-bodies. Lymphatic System. 54. An animal that comes into heat only once a year. Monoestrus .
16. Known as the soldier of the body. Whiteblood corpuscles. 55. The term used for the expulsion of urine from the bladder. Micturition
17. Also known as the paunch in ruminants. Rumen. 56. It contains urine coming from the kidney. Urinary bladder.
18. Where in the tongue can we sense the sweet taste? Tip of the tongue. 57. How is heat lost or dissipated from the body of animals? Radiation and Conduction.
19. The system responsible in cleansing the blood. Excretory System. 58. Another term for thermoneutral zone. Comfort zone.
20. The organ that secretes milk. Udder/Mammary Gland. 59. Another term for “hingal” after some sort of exercise. Panting.
21. The female primary sex organ. Ovary. 60. It produces oily secretion for the lubrication of the skin. Sebaceous_gland.
22. Another term for the true stomach. Abomasum. 61. The horny covering of the distal end of the digit of cattle or pig; also known as claw. Hoof.
23. Another term for cold-blooded animals. Poikilotherms . 62. A stage in the life of a female mammal that indicates it has reached sexual maturity. Puberty.
24. Sexual desire. Libido. 63. Pinkish bodies that act as filters and removes foreign matters from the lymph streams. Lymph nodes.
25. Animals exhale what? Carbon dioxide. 64. Blood reservoir. Bile.
26. System responsible in animal movement. Muscular System. 65. The fluid that remains after blood has clotted. Serum.
27. The gland that secretes watery fluid from the body. Sweat gland. 66. It determines the rate, rhythm and amplitude of the heart. Pulse.
28. Known as the teeth of the chicken. Gizzard. 67. Purifies the air before it is used up by the body. Lungs.
29. The bone found in the thigh. Femur. 68. It serves as teeth of the chicken. Gizzard.
30. A hormone responsible in the breakdown of glycogen and glyconeogenesis in the liver. Insulin . 69. The end part of the digestive system. Anus.
31. A hormone responsible in the release of the ova in the ovary of the chicken. Lutanizing hormone. 70. The organ that helps the horse digest grass. Ceca.
32. Site of water absorption, fiber digestion and water soluble in chicken. Ceca/large intestine. 71. Storage place of the bile. Gall bladder.
33. What are the major organs found or part of the skeletal system? Joints, Cartilage, bones and teeth. 72. It aids the gizzard in digesting seeds and grains eaten by the chicken. Grit.
34. The organ for smelling. Nostril. 73. They are present in the rumen which help in digesting fibrous feeds like grass. Microrganisms.
35. Responsible in the development of the duct system of the udder. Progesterone. 74. Average estrus cycle of cows. 21 days.
36. Functions of lymph nodes? assist immune system and filter lymphs, filter, produce anti-bodies and 75. The principal oxygen transport medium that contains iron. Redblood cells/blood.
lymphocytes. 76. The CPU of the body. Brain.
37. Heat from the sun. Radiation. 77. Gas essential to plant growth and it is produced by animals. Oxygen .
38. Storage place of the bile. Gall Bladder. 78. Another term for bill. Beak.
 79. The basic unit of inheritance is known as Gene. 116. The law stating that living organisms come from other organisms, biogenesis.
80. Responsible in the generation of energy in the form of ATP, Mitochondria. 117. The process of gamete formation in mature male, Gametogenesis.
81. Also known as the male gamete, Sperm cell. 118. What do you call the sex cell division in male animals, Meiosis.
82. The genetic make up of an animal or individual, Genotype 119. A technology where the semen is introduced to the female genitalia by the use of an instrument, Artificial
83. The chromosomes of the male individual, XY. Insemination.
84. Site in the cell where the synthesis of carbohydrates is undertaken, Golgi Apparatus. 120. The scientist who started the idea of genetics, Gregor Mendel.
85. Letter representation for haploid, n. 121. The character or trait that failed to be expressed or it is hidden, Recessive.
86. The crossing of single pair of genes for two different traits is called Monohybrid cross 122. Another name for the animals with compound stomach, Ruminants
87. The crossing of single pair of genes for two different traits is called Monohybrid cross. 123. What do you call the carbohydrate found in the milk, Lactose.
88. What do you call the system of mating used between mating of mother and son, Inbreeding/Line 124. The condition where there is Vitamin A deficiency, Night Blindness.
breeding . 125. Aids in the absorption & retention of Vitamin E, Selenium.
89. The law stating that living organisms come from other organisms, Biogenesis. 126. What do you call the feed offered daily to the animal, Ration.
90. The process of gamete formation in mature male, Gametogenesis. 127. Another term for Vitamin B1, Thiamine.
91. What do you call the sex cell division in male animals, Meiosis. 128. Responsible in increasing the hardness of bones and teeth, Calcium/Phosphorus.
92. A technology where the semen is introduced to the female genitalia by the use of an instrument, 129. The mineral content of the egg shell, Calcium Carbonate .
Artificial Insemination. 130. Cheapest and most abundant nutrient, Water.
93. The scientist who started the idea of genetics, Gregor Mendel. 131. Responsible for the yellow color of cow’s milk, Beta carotine.
94. The character or trait that failed to be expressed or it is hidden, Recessive. 132. Symptom for Vitamin E deficiency, low fertilization.
95. Union of egg cell and sperm cell, Fertilization. 133. Union of egg cell and sperm cell, Fertilization.
96. Breeding of two different breeds of animal, Cross breeding. 134. Breeding of two different breeds of animal, Cross breeding.
97. What does DNA stands for, Deoxyribonucleic acid_. 135. What does DNA stands for, Deoxyribonucleic acid.
98. Grouping of chromosomes based on similarity of their morphology is known as Karyo Type. 136. Grouping of chromosomes based on similarity of their morphology is known as Karyotype.
99. Control and regulate the functions (on/off) of other genes, Regulator genes. 137. Control and regulate the functions (on/off) of other genes, Regulator genes
100. It is the crossing of offspring to either with parental genotypes, Back cross 138. It is the crossing of offspring to either with parental genotypes, Inheritance.
101. The phenotypic traits of an animal is a product of the interactions between environment and Genetics. 139. The phenotypic traits of an animal is a product of the interactions between environment and genetics.
102. Causes the average superiority of the crossbreds, Heterosis/hybond vigor. 140. Causes the average superiority of the crossbreds, Heterosis/Hybond Vigor.
103. The process in which certain individuals in a population are preferred to others for the production of 141. The process in which certain individuals in a population are preferred to others for the production of the
the next generation, Selection. next generation, Selection.
104. A group of animals which have common origin and common characteristics, Breed. 142. A group of animals which have common origin and common characteristics, Breed.
105. The first buffaloes produced through in vitro maturation in the Philippines, Malakas at Maganda. 143. The first buffaloes produced through in vitro maturation in the Philippines, Malakas at Maganda.
106. The administration of hormone to a group of female mammals causing them to come into heat at or at 144. The administration of hormone to a group of female mammals causing them to come into heat at or at the
the same time, Estrus Synchronization. same time, Estrus Synchronization.
107. The basic unit of inheritance is known as Gene. 145. Beneficial bacterial species, Probiotics.
108. Responsible in the generation of energy in the form of ATP, Mitochondria. 146. Protects the fats, oil and other fat soluble vitamins from oxidation, Anti-Oxidant.
109. Also known as the male gamete, Sperm Cells . 147. Feeds containing high fiber but low Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN), Rouphage.
110. The genetic make up of an animal or individual, Genotype. 148. Avoids bleeding disease, Vitamin K.
111. The chromosomes of the male individual, XY. 149. The protein part of hair, horn and wool, Keratin.
112. Site in the cell where the synthesis of carbohydrates is undertaken, Golgi Apparatus. 150. Chemical structure of carbohydrates, C6H12O6.
113. Letter representation for haploid, n. 151. The energy from fat is how many times higher than the energy coming from carbohydrate 2.25.
114. The crossing of single pair of genes for two different traits is called Monohybrid Cross. 152. Another name for Vitamin H, Biotin.
115. What do you call the system of mating used between mating of mother and son, Inbreeding/Linebreeding. 153. Used against diabetes, Insulin.
154. Change in the genetic code due to natural or artificial means, Mutation 187. General term for female parent, Dam.
155. Sign for female animal or individual, XX 188. The biochemical reduction of nitrate or nitrite to gaseous nitrogen, either as molecular nitrogen or as an
156. Used in coagulating milk to produce cheese,Rennet extract/ Acetic acid. oxide of nitrogen, Denitrification.
157. Self-feeding or allowing cattle to consume feed on a free-choice basis, Ad livitum. 189. All external (nongenetic) conditions that influence the reproduction, production, and carcass merit of
158. Microorganisms that require free oxygen to biodegrade organic matter, Aerobic cattle,environment.
159. Microorganisms that biodegrade organic matter without free oxygen, Anaerobic . 190. A fertilized ovum (egg) in the earlier stages of prenatal development usually prior to development of body
160. The technique of placing semen from the male in the reproductive tract of the female by means other than
parts, Embryo.
natural service, Artificial insemenation. 191. Removing fertilized ova (embryos) from one cow (donor dam) and placing these embryos into other cows
161. Kilograms of live weight gained per day, Average Daily Gain.
(host cows), usually accompanied by hormone-induced superovulation of the donor dam, Embryo Transfer .
162. The mating of a two-breed crossbred offspring back to one of its parental breeds. Example: A Hereford-
192. An estimate of an individual's true breeding value for a trait based on the performance of the individual and
Angus cross cow bred back to an Angus bull. Backcross.
close relatives for the trait, Estimated breeding value (EBV).
163. Meat from cattle (bovine species) other than calves, ____________. Meat from calves is called Veal.
193. The recurrent, restricted period of sexual receptivity in cows and heifers, Estrus (heat).
164. The weight of a calf taken within 24 hours after birth, Birth weight.
194. Offspring resulting from the mating of a purebred (straightbred) bull to purebred (straightbred) females of
165. Cattle adapted in warm or tropical areas, Bos indicus.
166. Cattle adapted in temperate areas, Bovine. another breed F1.
167. Refers to a general family grouping of cattle, Bull. 195. Units of feed consumed per unit of weight gained. Also the production (meat, milk) per unit of feed
168. Cattle of common origin and having characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same consumed, Feed Conversion Efficiency.
species, Breed. 196. Cattle that need further feeding prior to slaughter, Feeder.
169. An intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male cattle, Bull 197. Enterprise in which cattle are fed grain and other concentrates for usually 90-120 days, Feedlot.
170. Young bull, typically less than 20 months of age, Bullock. 198. Fed cattle whose time in the feedlot is completed and are now ready for slaughter, finished cattle.
171. Young cattle of both sexes, Calf. 199. Feedstuffs composed primarily of the whole plant, including stems and leaves that are utilized by cattle,
172. The number or percentage of calves produced within a herd in a given year relative to the number of cows Forage.
and heifers exposed to breeding, Calf drop 200. Female born twin to a bull calf (approximately 9 out of 10 will not conceive), Freemartin.
173. The number or percentage of calves produced within a herd in a given year relative to the number of calves 201. Steers and heifers that have been fed concentrates, usually for 90-120 days in a feedlot, Fed cattle.
202. Actual genetic makeup (constitution) of an individual determined by its genes or germplasm, Genotype.
weaned over number of cows and heifers breed, Calf drop.
203. The organ that produces the reproductive cells, the testicle in the male and the ovaries in the female,
174. Product of considerably less value than the major product. For example, the hide and offal are byproducts
Conad.
while beef is the major product, Cattle by product.
204. Individuals having the same sire or dam, Half sibs.
175. Abnormal size or presentation fetus causing difficulty in delivering it, Dystocia.
205. Causing a group of cows or heifers to exhibit heat together at one time by artificial manipulation of the
176. Techniques of measuring components of quality and quantity in carcasses of cattle, Carcass Evaluation.
177. Desirability of a carcass relative to quantity of components (muscle, fat, and bone), plus potential eating estrous cycle, Heat Synchronization.
206. A female of the cattle species less than three years of age that has not borne a calf, Heifer.
qualities, Carcass Evaluation
207. Group of cattle (usually cows) that are in a similar management program, Herd.
178. Long DNA molecules on which genes (the basic genetic codes) are located, Chromosomes.
208. The transmission of genetic or physical traits of parents to their offspring, Heredity.
179. Domestic cattle have 30 pairs of chromosomes.
209. Skins from cattle, Hide.
180. Feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestible,Concentrate.
210. Production of offspring from parents more closely related than the average of a population, Inbreeding.
181. The fertilization of the ovum (egg), Conception.
211. Earthen storage structure with sufficient dilution water added to allow microorganisms to biodegrade and
182. An adult female that has had a calf, Cow.
183. Management unit that maintains a breeding herd and produces weaned calves, Cow Calf operation. treat organic matter, Lagoon.
184. The mating of animals of different breeds (or species), Crossbreeding. 212. The specks of fat (intramuscular fat) distributed in muscular tissue. It is usually evaluated in the ribeye
185. The process of eliminating less productive or less desirable cattle from a herd, Culling. between the 12th and 13th rib, Marbling.
186. An estimate of the percentage of salable meat (muscle) from a carcass versus percentage of waste fat, 213. An unbranded bovine of either sex in the USA and Canada, Maverick.
Cutability. 214. Tissue of the animal body that are used for food, Meat.
215. The weight of the animal raised to the 3/4 power (W0.75); a figure indicative of metabolic needs and of the
feed required to maintain a certain body weight, Metabolic Body Size.
216. The transformation by which energy is made available for body uses, Metabolism.
217. A term commonly used to indicate a non-pregnant female, open.
218. Mating of individuals that are less closely related than the average of the breed, Outcrossing.
219. Release of the female germ cell (egg) by the ovary, Ovulation.
220. The act of giving birth in cattle, Calving.
221. A tabulation of names of ancestors, usually only those of the three to five closest generations, Pedigree.
222. The record of the individual animal for reproduction, production, and possibly carcass merit; traits included
would be birth, weaning and yearling weights, calving ease, calving interval, milk production, etc.,
Performance Data.
223. The visible or measurable expression of a character; for example, weaning weight, post-weaning gain,
reproduction, etc., Phenotype.
224. Naturally hornless cattle, polled.
225. Traits that directly influence cost or revenue from beef cattle production e.g. growth rate, feed intake and
carcass merit, Production traits.
226. Evaluating the genotype of an individual by a study of its progeny records, Progeny Testing.
227. The age at which the reproductive organs become functionally operative and secondary sex characteristics
begin to develop, Puberty.
228. An animal of known ancestry within a recognized breed that is eligible for registry in the official herdbook of
that breed, Pure breed.
229. Those traits in which there is a sharp distinction between phenotypes, such as black and white or polled and
horned, Qualitative traits.
230. Those traits in which there is no sharp distinction between phenotypes, with a gradual variation from one
phenotype to another, such as weaning weight, Quantitative Traits.
231. A system of mating where every female (cow and/or heifer) has an equal or random chance of being
assigned to any bull used for breeding in a particular breeding season, Random Mating.
232. Feed fed to an animal during a 24-hour period, Ration.
233. Feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy (e.g., hay, straw, silage, and pasture),
roughage.
234. Mammal whose stomach has four parts-rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. Cattle, sheep, goats,
deer, and elk are ruminants, Ruminant.
235. Horny tissue of rudimentary horns that are attached to the skin rather than the bony parts of the head,
Scurs.
236. Causing or allowing certain individuals in a population to produce offspring in the next generation,
Selection.
237. Brothers and sisters of an individual, sibs.
238. Bovine male castrated prior to puberty, Steer.
239. The agency mandated to ensure accelerated development of the Philippine dairy industry; created through
the National Dairy Development Act of 1995 (Republic Act 7884). National Dairy Authority
240. Another agency committed to improve the dairy industry by developing the carabao to become meat and
milk-producing animal. Philippine Carabao Center
241. An institution mandated to carry out research and training in dairy production and milk technologies. DTRI-
UPLB
242. The Philippine Dairy Industry is sometimes regarded as Milk Reprocessing or repacking Industry.
243. Most of the major dairy cattle and goats’ breeds originated from Europe and North America.
244. Majority of the dairy buffaloes in the world are found in India and Pakistan.
245. Some countries in Europe like Italy and Bulgaria are also known to raise dairy buffaloes.
246. A milk producing country noted for its cheap milk; where majority of the milk imported by the Philippines
come from. New Zealand
247. Group of animals belonging to the Mammalia possessing mammary glands that are used to nourish their
young ones. Mammals
248. The shape of dairy cattle that differs with the rectangular shape of beef cattle. Triangular or wedge Shaped
249. The dairy-type water buffalo. Riverine
250. A famous milk type buffalo from India. Murrah
251. A popular dairy cattle breed from Pakistan. Sahiwal
252. The milk-type buffalo originating from Pakistan. Nili Ravhi
253. Buffalo breed developed in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Murrah Buffalo
254. A buffalo breed whose horns coil downward and upward and streaks of white markings found around its jaw
and brisket. Japarabadi
255. The “mestizo” or hybrid buffalo used partly for milk production in the Philippines is a cross between the
Murrah and Native.
256. A popular crossbred dairy cattle used by many dairy raisers in the Philippines. Holstein Friesian
257. Dairy cattle breed which is also known as the “black and white” cattle. Holstein
258. A dairy cattle breed with light to dark brown body color and it originated from Switzerland. Brown swiss
259. A dairy cattle breed with a face having “double dish” appearance that originated from the island of Jersey.
Jersey
260. A dairy cattle breed with red and white markings coming from Scotland. Ayrshire Also have a “double dish”
appearance and it originated from the island of Guernsey. Guernsey
261. Type of cattle intended both for meat and milk purposes, e.g. most Indian and Pakistan cattle breeds. Dual
purpose
262. A cattle breed with practically red color and it is popular in India. Red Sindhi
263. A double-purpose type goat characterized by large pendulous ears and convex Roman nose. Anglo-Nubian
264. A dairy goat breed which originated from France. Alpine
265. A dairy goat breed characterized by its white or creamy body color. Saanen
266. A milk-type goat, which originated from the Toggenburg valley of Switzerland. Toggenburg 299. The hormone that avoids or inhibits the action of oxytocin, hence, little or no contractions in the
267. Breeding of closely related animals. Inbreeding myoepithelial cells occur.
268. Elimination of low milk yielder cows from the herd. Culling 300. Production of milk by the mammary gland or udder.
269. An attempt to rank or place animals in the order of their excellence in their body type. Judging 301. The degree to which lactation is maintained.
270. The instrument used in judging dairy cattle. Dairy Cow Unified score card 302. An exocrine gland that produces or secretes milk.
271. A criterion used to evaluate the milking ability, lactation, health characteristics and others of a dairy animal 303. A liquid secreted from the udder of mammals that serve as nourishing food their young ones.
during judging. Dairy Character 304. First milk produced by lactating animals.
272. Aside from the criterion mentioned in item 24, the other criteria used in judging dairy animals are: General 305. The antibodies contained in the colostrum.
appearance,body capacity and Dairy character. 306. Milk is secreted by individual secretory “grape-like” units called
273. Absence of estrus in female animal. Anestrus 307. The inner lining of alveolus is composed of these cells that specifically secrete the milk in this organ.
274. A condition wherein estrus or ovulation occurs without full behavioral manifestation of heat.Silent Estrus 308. The hollow cavity of the alveolus.
275. A cow manifesting constant estrus. Chronic buller/nymphomaniac 309. A group of alveoli is termed.
276. Difficulty in calving due to abnormal presentation of fetus. Dystocia 310. Milk from the alveolus flow through the.
277. Introduction of the male semen into the female reproductive organ by mechanical or technical means. 311. It is the collection point of all ducts and drains the milk here.
Artificial Insemination 312. The cavity inside the teat and where milk is drained from the gland cistern. _________________
278. Transferring of the inseminated embryo to another animal- from the donor mother to recipient or surrogate 313. It is the opening from the teat cistern to the outside of the teat. ________________________
mother. ET or MOET 314. The expulsion of milk from the alveoli and small ducts and cisterns is termed
279. Animals with four compartments of stomach. Ruminants __________________________ or ______________________________
280. The largest among the compartments in ruminants and also referred as the paunch. Rumen 315. Controls the draining of milk from the cistern to the streak canal. _________________________
281. A compartment in ruminants whose tissues are arranged in network resembling a honeycomb. Reticulum or 316. Evacuation of milk through the use of hands. ___________________________
Honetcomb 317. Evacuation of milk from the udder with the use of vacuum or negative pressure, a continuous and the
282. The compartment with globe-shaped structure and it contains muscular leaves that squeeze the water out alternative vacuum. Machine Milking
of the partially digested food it receives. 318. Inflammation of the mammary gland. Mastitis
283. The true stomach. 319. Application of heat treatment to milk of certain intensity that will destroy most of the pathogenic
284. Elimination of gas e.g. carbon dioxide produced in the rumen; also known as belching. microorganisms. Pasteurization
285. The process wherein the coarse feed stored in the rumen is forced back to the mouth. 320. Removal of extraneous matter or dirt from the milk. Clarification or Filtering
286. Aside from vitamin B-complex, the rumen microorganisms are capable of manufacturing vitamin. 321. Adjustment of the composition of milk to a desired level. Standardization
287. One alternative feeding system that can be used in order to maintain higher milk production among cows. 322. The process of breaking up of fat globules whose diameter is around 1-18 microns into smaller size of 1
288. Energy requirements for dairy cattle can be expressed in terms of micron or less. Homogenization
289. Cows that are no longer producing milk and allowed to rest for the next calving. 323. The process of dissolving milk powder in water. Reconstitution
290. Cows that are either pregnant or non-pregnant and are momentarily producing milk. 324. The process of standardizing reconstituted skim milk with butter oil. Recombination
291. Young animals that are weaned or separated from their mothers. 325. The blending of locally produced milk containing high fat content, e.g. buffalo or sheep milk with water and
292. Animals that is at least one year old. skim milk powder. Toning
293. Type of branding wherein the branding iron is heated in the fire and applied to the desired part of the 326. Milk from which milk fat has not been extracted. Whole milk or full cream milk
animal. 327. Milk from which milk fat has been extracted Skimmilk or Non fat milk
294. A hormone responsible for the growth of duct and cistern. 328. Milk that has been treated to prevent milk fat separating from the liquid portion and rising to the top.
295. Hormone responsible for the growth the alveoli. Homogenized milk
296. These hormones are responsible in stimulating general cell growth and development of the mammary gland 329. Milk from which milk fat has been partially extracted. Medium fat milk
as well as initiation of lactation. ________________________ & ____________________ 330. Pre-heated milk to stabilize its proteins and remove about 60% of its water. Evaporated milk
297. A hormone that stimulates lactose synthesis during pregnancy. 331. This is similar to evaporated milk; the only thing is that sugar was added to prevent spoilage. Condensed
298. The hormone responsible for the contractions of myoepithelial cells during the milk-let-down process. milk
332. Milk that has undergone the pasteurization process. Pasteurized milk
333. Milk that has been subjected to a high temperature, e.g. 132 oC for about 1 or 2 second Sterilized or Ultra 357. A method employed in raising calves. Partial weaning
high treated( UHT) milk
334. Milk product with flavoring added on it to improve its appeal. Flavored milk 358. The peak of milk production in cows is attained approximately 3 to 6 weeks after parturition.
335. Milk product with added starter cultures to help produce the desired flavor and acidity. Cultured milk
336. The fat component of the milk. Cream 359. This compound is applied on acidic soils before establishing a forage pasture. Lime
337. The milk fat separated from the liquid and further processed to become concentrated with fat and more
palatable. Butter 360. The common name of Pennisetum purpureum. Napier
338. A product rich in milk protein or casein. Cheese
339. Fermented milk with custard-like consistency. Yogurt 361. How much is the DM requirement of cattle weighing 450 kg? 11.25 kg
340. A dairy product in which about 70% of its ingredients come from milk and it is whipped to produce certain
362. Minerals most commonly lacking in dairy rations: Calcium,Phosphorus,Iodine and Chlorine
overrun (content of air) while being rapidly frozen. Ice cream
341. A method of selection wherein the traits of the animals are considered simultaneously, when the animal
363. Another name for rumen. Paunch
falls below the phenotypic value in any trait, it is culled. Independent Culling method
342. Abnormal presentation of calf at parturition. Dystocia 364. If the gases in the rumen are not passed off, e.g. through belching, this will result to: Bloat

343. The administration of hormone to a group of mammalian females causing them to come into heat at or near 365. A volatile fatty acid necessary in the formation of milk fat. Acitic acid
at the same time. Super Ovulation
344. A criterion for judging dairy cows, which involves the milking ability, lactation, health characteristics and 366. An enzyme that curdles milk. Rennin
others. Dairy Character
345. A method of selecting animals where it is based on their phenotype for a particular trait. Individuality 367. Another term for bolus. Cud

346. The process of preparing food ingredients for passage into the bloodstreams. Digestion
347. Secreted by the salivary gland that helps in the mastication and swallowing of food. Saliva
348. The digestive juices secreted in the intestines are: Pancreatic juice,Bile and Intestinal juices
368. The major buffer that helps in maintaining the rumen pH alkaline for the optimum digestion of forages and
feedstuffs. Saliva
369. When utilized by the ruminants, the volatile fatty acids are good source of CHO
370. The cheapest and most abundant nutrient. water

349. The compound responsible in making the food acidic in the abomasum. HCI 371. Contains low fiber but has high total digestible nutrients. TDN

350. The process in which the ruminants eliminate or belch gases from the rumen. Eructation 372. The cattle and buffaloes use their tongue in drawing feeds into their mouth.

351. A by-product in the breakdown of protein in the rumen, which is required by microorganisms for their 373. This digestive organ retains hardware materials. Reticulum
growth and synthesis of microbial protein. Microbial protein
352. The process of ruminant digestion involves three actions: Mechanical,Microbial and Enzymatic or chemical 374. The rumination involves the following processes: Regurgitation,Remastication,resalivation and
Reswallowing
353. Final product in the utilization of fiber, e.g. cellulose. Volatile fatty acid
375. The major source of energy for dairy animals. Pasture/ forage
354. Urea is an example of what type of protein. Non-protein nitrogen
376. They are effective in small amounts in preventing nutritional diseases. Vitamins
355. It refers to free-choice feeding. Ad Libitum
377. How much water does a cow needs if she produces 10 liters of milk. 40 liters
356. An essential practice to keep a bull in good breeding condition and from becoming vicious. Exercise
378. Improvement in the performance of hybrids or crossbreds over those of the purebreds. Heterosis or hybrid
vigor
379. What is the average calving interval of a cow with the following calving dates: Nov. 9, 1995; Dec. 25, 1996;
February 14, 1998 and June 12, 1999. 411,416,483days. Av.437 days
380. With your 10 cows, a total of 18 services were rendered to your animals by the AI technician until finally
they were all declared pregnant. What is the average number of services per conception of the herd? 1.8
services/conception.
381. Optimum crude protein content of ration for lactating dairy cattle. 12 to 14%
382. Stocking rate is the number of animals allowed to graze in a particular pasture area.
383. The DM production of a pasture is a function of pasture Density, pasture height and DM content of forage.
384. The tiny projections found in the rumen, which contribute to the absorption capacity of the rumen. Papillae
385. A disease that may occur in the reticulum due to hardware materials ingested by the ruminant. Hardware
386. Enzyme acting on protein in the true stomach. Pepsin
387. Approximate amount of saliva produced by the salivary glands in ruminants and added to rumen each
day.50 to 80 kg
388. What do you call the technique where in protein-rich feedstuffs are treated with formaldehyde to escape
breakdown by microorganisms in the rumen. Rumen by-pass
389. Another name for vitamin B3 is Niacin and B1 is Thiamine
390. The composition of crude fiber: Cellulose,Hemi-cellulose and Lignin
391. The vitamins associated with fats and lipids. Fat soluble vitamin
392. The most selective dairy animal. goat
393. Oyster shell and limestone are good source of what mineral? Calcium
394. Antibodies content of colostrum. Immuno-Globulin
395. Where absorption in the small intestine takes place. Small intestine
396. Self-feeding or allowing cattle to consume feed on a free-choice basis, Ad-libitum
397. Microorganisms that require free oxygen to biodegrade organic matter, Aerobic microorganism
398. Microorganisms that biodegrade organic matter without free oxygen Anaerobic microorganism
399. The technique of placing semen from the male in the reproductive tract of the female by means other than
natural service, Artificial Insemination
400. Kilograms of live weight gained per day, Average Daily Gain (ADG)
401. The mating of a two-breed crossbred offspring back to one of its parental breeds. Example: A Hereford-
Angus cross cow bred back to an Angus bull. Backcross
402. Meat from cattle (bovine species) other than calves, beef Meat from calves is called veal.
403. The weight of a calf taken within 24 hours after birth, Birth weight
404. Cattle adapted in warm or tropical areas, Bos indicus
405. Cattle adapted in temperate areas, Bos taurus
406. Refers to a general family grouping of cattle, Bovine
407. Cattle of common origin and having characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same
species, Breed
408. An intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male cattle, Bull
409. Young bull, typically less than 20 months of age, Bullock
410. Young cattle of both sexes, Calf
411. The number or percentage of calves produced within a herd in a given year relative to the number of cows
and heifers exposed to breeding, Calf Draf
412. The number or percentage of calves produced within a herd in a given year relative to the number of calves
weaned over number of cows and heifers bred, Calf Draf
413. Product of considerably less value than the major product. For example, the hide and offal are byproducts
while beef is the major product, cattle by-product
414. Abnormal size or presentation fetus causing difficulty in delivering it, Dystocia
415. Techniques of measuring components of quality and quantity in carcasses of cattle, Carcass Evaluation
416. Desirability of a carcass relative to quantity of components (muscle, fat, and bone), plus potential eating
qualities, Carcass Evaluation
417. Long DNA molecules on which genes (the basic genetic codes) are located, Chromosomes
418. Domestic cattle have 30 pairs of chromosomes.
419. Feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestible, concentrate
420. The fertilization of the ovum (egg), conception
421. An adult female that has had a calf, cow
422. Management unit that maintains a breeding herd and produces weaned calves, Cow Calf Operation
423. The mating of animals of different breeds (or species), Cross breeding
424. The process of eliminating less productive or less desirable cattle from a herd, Culling
425. An estimate of the percentage of salable meat (muscle) from a carcass versus percentage of waste fat,
Cutability
426. General term for female parent, Dam
427. The biochemical reduction of nitrate or nitrite to gaseous nitrogen, either as molecular nitrogen or as an
oxide of nitrogen, Denitrification
428. All external (nongenetic) conditions that influence the reproduction, production, and carcass merit of cattle,
Environment
429. A fertilized ovum (egg) in the earlier stages of prenatal development usually prior to development of body
parts, Embryo
430. Removing fertilized ova (embryos) from one cow (donor dam) and placing these embryos into other cows
(host cows), usually accompanied by hormone-induced superovulation of the donor dam, Embryo transfer
431. An estimate of an individual's true breeding value for a trait based on the performance of the individual and
close relatives for the trait, Estimated Breeding Value or ( EBV)
432. The recurrent, restricted period of sexual receptivity in cows and heifers, Estrus( heat)
433. Offspring resulting from the mating of a purebred (straightbred) bull to purebred (straightbred) females of
another breed., Fl
434. Units of feed consumed per unit of weight gained. Also the production (meat, milk) per unit of feed
consumed, Feed Conversion Effeciency
435. Cattle that need further feeding prior to slaughter, Feeder
436. Enterprise in which cattle are fed grain and other concentrates for usually 90-120 days, Feedlot
437. Fed cattle whose time in the feedlot is completed and are now ready for slaughter, Finished cattle
438. Feedstuffs composed primarily of the whole plant, including stems and leaves that are utilized by cattle,
Forage
439. Female born twin to a bull calf (approximately 9 out of 10 will not conceive), Freemartin
440. Steers and heifers that have been fed concentrates, usually for 90-120 days in a feedlot, Fed cattle
441. Actual genetic makeup (constitution) of an individual determined by its genes or germplasm, Genotype
442. The organ that produces the reproductive cells, the testicle in the male and the ovaries in the female,
Gonad
443. Individuals having the same sire or dam, Half-sibs
444. Causing a group of cows or heifers to exhibit heat together at one time by artificial manipulation of the
estrous cycle Heat Synchronization
445. A female of the cattle species less than three years of age that has not borne a calf, Heifer
446. Group of cattle (usually cows) that are in a similar management program, Herd
447. The transmission of genetic or physical traits of parents to their offspring, heredity
448. Skins from cattle, Hide
449. Production of offspring from parents more closely related than the average of a population, Inbreeding
450. Earthen storage structure with sufficient dilution water added to allow microorganisms to biodegrade and
treat organic matter, Lagoon
451. The specks of fat (intramuscular fat) distributed in muscular tissue. It is usually evaluated in the ribeye
between the 12th and 13th rib, Marbling
452. An unbranded bovine of either sex in the USA and Canada, Maverick
453. Tissue of the animal body that are used for food, Meat
454. The weight of the animal raised to the 3/4 power (W0.75); a figure indicative of metabolic needs and of the
feed required to maintain a certain body weight, Metabolic body size
455. The transformation by which energy is made available for body uses, Metabolism
456. A term commonly used to indicate a non-pregnant female, Open
457. Mating of individuals that are less closely related than the average of the breed, Outcrossing
458. Release of the female germ cell (egg) by the ovary, Ovulation
459. The act of giving birth in cattle, Parturition
460. A tabulation of names of ancestors, usually only those of the three to five closest generations, Pedigree
461. The record of the individual animal for reproduction, production, and possibly carcass merit; traits included
would be birth, weaning and yearling weights, calving ease, calving interval, milk production, etc.,
Performance Data
462. The visible or measurable expression of a character; for example, weaning weight, post-weaning gain,
reproduction, etc., Phenotype
463. Naturally hornless cattle, Polled
464. Traits that directly influence cost or revenue from beef cattle production e.g. growth rate, feed intake and
carcass merit, Production Traits
465. Evaluating the genotype of an individual by a study of its progeny records, Progeny testing
466. The age at which the reproductive organs become functionally operative and secondary sex characteristics
begin to develop, PUBERTY
467. An animal of known ancestry within a recognized breed that is eligible for registry in the official herd book
of that breed, Purebred
468. Those traits in which there is a sharp distinction between phenotypes, such as black and white or polled and
horned, Qualitative traits
469. Those traits in which there is no sharp distinction between phenotypes, with a gradual variation from one
phenotype to another, such as weaning weight, Quantitative traits
470. A system of mating where every female (cow and/or heifer) has an equal or random chance of being
assigned to any bull used for breeding in a particular breeding season, Random Mating
471. Feed fed to an animal during a 24-hour period, Ration
472. Feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy (e.g., hay, straw, silage, and pasture),
Roughage
473. Mammal whose stomach has four parts-rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. Cattle, sheep, goats,
deer, and elk are ruminants, Ruminant
474. Horny tissue of rudimentary horns that are attached to the skin rather than the bony parts of the head,
Scurs
475. Causing or allowing certain individuals in a population to produce offspring in the next generation, Selection
476. Brothers and sisters of an individual, Sibs
477. Bovine male castrated prior to puberty, Steer
478. Weaned cattle that are fed high-roughage diets (including grazing) before going into the feedlot, Stocker
479. Any external challenge that causes an animal to initiate a physiological, behavioral and(or) immunological
response to maintain or achieve its physical integrity and well-being, Stressor
480. An approach to evaluating alternative individuals, breeding programs, and selection schemes that involves
assessment of these alternatives in terms of their net impact on all inputs and output in the production
system, System Approach
481. Separating young animals from their dams so that the offspring can no longer suckle, Weaning