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PROJECT
TRANSFORMERS
2019-20
Himanshu Rawat
Xll - C
Kendriya Vidyalaya Jalipa Cantt
Department of Physics
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Himanshu Rawat, students of class
XII-C have successfully completed the research on the
below mentioned project under the guidance of Mr. Vir
Mohammed (Subject Teacher) during the year 2019-20
in partial fulfillment of physics practical examination
conducted by CBSE.
HIMANSHU RAWAT
INDEX
1. CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. AIM OF PROJECT
4. INTRODUCTION
5. THEORY
6. APPARATUS REQUIRED
7. PROCEDURE
8. OBSERVATION
9. RESULT
10. CONCLUSION
11. PRECAUTIONS
12. SOURCES OF ERROR
13. BIBILIOGRAPHY
AIM OF THE PROJECT
Es / Ep = Ns / Np ______________ (3)
Ip Ep = Is Es _______________ (4)
Therefore, from (3) and (4)
Ns / Np = Es / Ep = Ip / Is = K
Where, N is called Turn Ratio or Transformation Ratio
I. Step Up Transformer
Illustration
II. Step Down Transformer
Illustration
III. Efficiency
Efficiency of a transformer is defined as the ratio of output
power to the input power. i.e.
η = output power / input power = Es Is / Ep Ip
Thus in an ideal transformer, where there is no power losses,
n=1 But in actual practice, there are many power losses;
therefore the efficiency of transformer is less than one.
IV. Energy Loses
2. Eddy Current: Energy loss in the form of heat in the iron core
of the transformer. This is due to formation of eddy currents in
iron core. It is minimized by taking laminated cores.
Iron Rod
Copper Wire
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Circuit Diagram :
Procedure
1. Take thick iron rod and cover it with a thick paper and
wind a large number of turns of thin Cu wire on thick paper
(say 60). This constitutes primary coil of the transformer.
2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and
wound relatively smaller number of turns (say 20) of
thick copper wire on it. This constitutes the
secondary coil. It is a step down transformer.
3. Connect primary to A.C main and measure the input
voltage and current using A.C voltmeter and ammeter
respectively.
4. Similarly, measure the output voltage and current
through secondary and record the observations.
Result
The ratio Ns / Np is equal to the ratios Es / Ep
and Ip / Is
Turn Ratio, Ns / Np =
Efficiency =
Conclusion
Sources Of error
1. Values of current can be changed due to
heating effect.
2. Eddy current can change the readings.
Bibliography
5) https://www.electronicshub.org/step-down-
transformer/
THE
END