DESIGN FEATURE A practical approach to amplifier matching siven by the following equations: Follow these simple steps to produce efficient impedance matching networks for both narrow and broadband cascaded amplifiers. 1 Wm eGR = Ro>R a a me OR ey pe DEN a microwave amy and output parasitic elements. The _ @) tier requires synthesis of input, matching network can be used for beth output, and interstage matching net- works. Although synthesis techniques narrow and broadband designs. ‘The design formulas are derived a= 8 = of-@)] @ sareavaiablefor the purpose acom- from a simple network (Fig 1a) thal a= 2% ee utershelpssillneededtoreaioean absorbs the praile ments ofthe 1 = Gage = Gs “optimited” matching network. De- transistor (Fig 1b). The formulas are sign formulas that will produce net- ‘eomtinued on 306) works with good performance re 7 = described here. They utilize a simple network topology to provide imped- T T ance matching with prescribed input | TO in | ne “T " ‘SG. Houng, Principal Engineer, Ray- ieasieeat haneniioal theon Coy MS 9388, 6380 Hollister o o Ave,, Goleta, CA 98117; (805) 967-5511, ext. 3610 ‘1 The ‘design formulas presented by the author are derived irom the network at (a). 1n (0), parasitic capacitances ofthe transistor are added. I ad = o o {2 These design curves provide the data for design of broadband (a) andinarrowband (b) amplifiers MICROWAVES & RF «July 1985 103,DESIGN FEATURE Amplifier matching (conned from 109) = Cor Coe Cr (6) © Coe By adding series inductance to : ; The Input of te ranattora a Sree a, = 2th = She for a desired resonance with preci capectence |, at equerey fis produced (a). Thief. % | bandwidth ®) ee ere ceroes eet = 2xfo, the center frequency of the Impedance into a real resistance termi- & — 2 quency fnation. The characteristics ofthe trans —— matching nework o CET ain mum ast + at where Cizis the transistor’s input we (9 _ 2% ~ 11 + ot] capacitance and Car is the transistot’s 4 [a. = 05 | output capacitance. The networks ar 4 cation. Within the O.5-dB passband, the matching network will have « VSWR lower than 21 and will provide ‘good match to the amplifier. The task then is to determine Cy, Cua and L, given Ri, Ca, Ry Coy, and ai, with a choice of values for a; that will be pro- portional to the bandwidth. ‘Anew realization me ‘a 4 | ‘The inequalities in the design for- mulasillustratethe results that can be ere iN \ obtained. For example, the resistance ratio of Re to Rj (Q)), determines the oar “oe ng a a tee] value of C,, The absorption of output. Nomad egnay capacitance Cyy is determined by Q, o and w/a, (the bandwidth requi tment) These restraints ean be ain hated by connecting a series in- ductancé in the input or output of the Cl transistors (Figs. 3 and 4). The srler inductance fe tuned to produce a series resonance with the [|= vamos’ | thn ieffenivey transtrmscone plex input or output impedance into a Rial resistance termfnetion. The TFT] istgrete henbenate Shad withot the constraint of paras | Sie elements ons / The frequency responses of the 4, As in Fig. 3, adding a series in- ductance transformerto he output of {he transistor allows the matching net- work tobe synthesized without the con ‘straint of parasitic elements. series inductance transformer (Figs. 3 {4 = - and 4) are utilized to determine trans- L\ ie former bandwidth. An amplifier de- Sign requires the transformer band- eee width to be greater than the amplifier bandwidth. If with agiven setof values i this requirement is not met, Q; may be increased, or Q, may be decreased, by adding external resistance to the input or output of the transistor. The external resistance wil also im- / / Lf prove the transistor stability. Sines . many microwave transistors are po. OP a aaa aaa tenttally unstable at lower ee ‘ene quences, improving stability by add 7 ing external resistance will broaden = (continued on p. 108) MICROWAVES & RF «July 1985DESIGN FEATURE Amplifier matching (continued from n. 106) the transformer bandwidth. ‘The following steps will lead to an accurate representation of an inter- stage matching network. 1. Caleulate Qi = 1/VRR/=T and Qa = wCaRi. The parasitic capaci tance Cig can be absorbed into the net work if Qa = Q. If Qe Q,. purpose of gain-slope compensation, Thus the value of Q; is increased to From Qui = 8.67, wefound fy/fg=159 theeenter frequency of thenetworksis 0359. From the design curves, we chose fora complete absorption of the shunt located at the upper band edge of the fy/fa = 2 for the broadband design. output capacitance. amplifier. 8. Output network—From Q, = Lat ‘8. Output network—From Q,= 08 1. Input network—Sinee the input 600 MH, the output resistance R, can and Qui = 1.74, we found that fy/fo = resistance of 40.9 closely approaches be decreased to about 50.9 by using & 181 will completely absorb the shunt the ideal 50-0 source resistance, a series inductanee, and no matching ‘output capacitance. matching network is not required. network is required except for a series ‘The final amplifier design did not Only theseries inductances needed to inductance. In this case, computer op- require computer optimization. cancel the parasitic capacitance timization was used to improve the flatness, input and output match- , and stability. «e References 1. Wi Hu, act eats mating ata fr fe ® be fon L MTS" inerationel Merowave Symporaen Digest ‘A one-octave (400-to-800 MHiz) am- (Fig. 6a). plifier wasspecified forthedesign,and 2. Inlerstage network—From the PB ate uc ats ot nae * a er e eee ee rea pain secok Ph mre Ce anette SOIR ta ve comer we wos a Microwaves & RF f 8 § Product Data Directory eG fe The High-Frequency Rog ER Linnkaoinge Industry Authority 7 ‘The Pre ata Direct =A F ny defo the evechaging AF le ‘crowave Industry. The 1884785 POD In- ‘cludes over 2400 companies and hur- {reds of product categaries To gle you ial buying information. Al company tat ings include adctesses and phone num- bets for immediate contact. The POD Stands alone as the industry information ‘contr. This easy-to-use specirs’ guide belongs on your desk for year-round an ‘swets, information, and solitons to your ‘esign needs. To receive your copy of this vakable roctory, send check, money order, oF purchase ordor for $25 each (US. Can ‘ada, Mexico, Centval America), oF $35, L i tach a ther counties to ir Microwaves & RF Product Data Directory Caos os aa a a8 ast — a or a cCmeginen 6. In the broadband amplifier, an operating bandwidth of one octave, from 400 to. 7 iaterearneemasimem me asaaisea care |_ New iy ree myc 110 MICROWAVES & RF © July 1985