Clothing and the Colonial Culture of Appearance Check-Up Test

Identify. (17 points)

1. Spaniard born in the Philippines in the colonial era of Spanish parents.
2. Clothes reveal or conceal these three factors.
3. Two popular indigenous textiles the 19th century Philippines.
4. Spaniard who came from Spain transplanted directly to the islands.
5. An anonymously-authored and illustrated 16th century book on Philippine clothing,
among other material aspects of early colonial life.
6. Three important social markers that influenced the culture of appearances.
7. Theory that espouses that consumers and producers of dress belong to different
“orders” of consciousness, yet mutually respond to each other symbolically or
abstractly.
8. French social historian who studied the relationship between and among texts, pictures,
and the garments under study in 19th century French periodicals.
9. By origin or ethnicity, these were the three dominant sartorial cultures in the 19th century
Philippines.
10. According to Memmi, this formed “the basis of all colonial societies.”

T/F. (8 points)
1. Social class subordinated race or ethnicity when it came to colonial fashions.
2. Philippine fashion in the period evolved largely from a fusion of indigenous and
mestizo clothing.
3. Chinese and European minorities retained their own dress style against the popular
lowland Christian Philippine majorities.
4. Ethno-social classification of Philippine residents affected not only clothing regimens,
but also taxation, place of residence, education, food, etc.
5. The opening of Manila to world trade in the 1850s fundamentally affected Philippine
social and economic life since not only were new products were introduced but more
importantly, modern ideas such equality or individual freedoms.
6. Oftentimes pictures of 19th century Filipino women displayed erect bearing despite their
‘lowly’ occupations because of the long-standing tradition of holding objects on the
head, an observation that made Europeans notice (the “jarring”) between common
clothes and dignity.
7. That photographs were in black and white considerably affected Coo’s study on the
social meanings of clothing colors.
8. That many photos from the era showed Filipino men in western style clothes and their
wives in terno, saya’t kimona, and the like remains understudied.