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Submitted by:
K.Amruta
Karunakar
Lavanya
Mani shankar
Supraja
Shameer
VI th sem ,JNA&FAU
Over view
• Definitions for disaster and floods
• Objectives
• Types of floods
• Causes of floods
• Floods impacts
• Methodology
• Flood forecasting
• Flood management
• Flood zoning
• Case study(Vijayawada)
Floods
CLIMATE
The distribution of rainfall over the
LAKES & RESERVOIRS
year and the temperatures will
These will store floodwater and
affect the lag times.
FACTORS thus reduce lag time and control
river response to heavy rainfall.
SLOPES
Steep slopes will encourage
overland flow and gentle
slope will slow run off down.
• Anticipating floods before they occur allows for precautions to be taken and
people to be warned so that they can be prepared in advance for flooding
conditions.
• For example,
– Farmers can remove animals from low-lying areas and utility services can put in place
emergency provisions to re-route services if needed. Emergency services can also make
provisions to have enough resources available ahead of time to respond to emergencies as
they occur.
• In order to make the most accurate flood forecasts for waterways, it is best to
have a long time-series of historical data that relates stream flows to
measured past rainfall events
• Radar estimates of rainfall and general weather forecasting techniques are
also important components of good flood forecasting.
Flood Control
• In many countries around the world, waterways prone to floods are often carefully
managed. Defences such as levees, bunds, reservoirs, and weirs are used to prevent
waterways from overflowing their banks.
• In the riparian zone near rivers and streams, erosion control measures can be taken
to try and slow down or reverse the natural forces that cause many waterways
to meander over long periods of time.
• Flood controls, such as dams, can be built and maintained over time to try and
reduce the occurrence and severity of floods as well.
Flood benefits
• Floods (in particular more frequent or smaller floods) can also bring many
benefits, such as
– Recharging ground water,
– Making soil more fertile and increasing nutrients in some soils.
• Flood waters provide much needed water resources in arid and semi-arid regions
where precipitation can be very unevenly distributed throughout the year.
• Freshwater floods particularly play an important role in maintaining ecosystems in
river corridors and are a key factor in maintaining floodplain biodiversity.
• Flooding can spread nutrients to lakes and rivers, which can lead to
increased biomass and improved fisheries for a few years.
• For some fish species, an inundated floodplain may form a highly suitable location
for spawning with few predators and enhanced levels of nutrients or food.
• Fish, such as the weather fish, make use of floods in order to reach new habitats.
Bird populations may also profit from the boost in food production caused by
flooding.
METHODOLOGY:
• Hyderabad(Musi river)
Local • .Brief review of floods with the help of secondary sources of data
Perspective
UTTAR PRADESH
21.90%
OTHER
STATES
43.9%
AREA IN M.Ha.
1953 2.29
7.49
9.44
1956 9.24
4.86
6.26
1959 5.77
7.53
6.56
1962 6.12
3.49
4.9
1965 1.46
4.74
7.12
1968 7.15
6.2
6.46
1971 13.25
4.1
11.79
1974 6.7
6.17
11.91
1977 11.46
YEAR
17.5
3.99
1980 11.46
6.12
8.87
1983 9.02
10.71
8.38
1986 8.81
8.89
16.29
1989 4.63
9.3
6.17
1992 2.09
4.63
AREA AFFECTED BY FLOODS
2.75
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
1995 6.11
7.4
3.85
1998 7.18
2.55
5.166
2001
3.08
7.09
6.5
2004
8.031
RUPEES IN CRORE
1953 52.4
57.23
1955 102.73
53.63
1957 23.37
43.97
1959 86.2
63.17
1961 31.37
94.89
1963 36.61
66.61
1965 7.14
88.43
1967 155.43
211.1
1969 404.43
287.83
1971 632.48
158.19
1973 569
YEAR
569.02
1975 471.64
888.69
1977 1201.85
1454.76
1979 614.2
840.5
1981 1196.5
1644.88
1983 2491.61
1905.56
1985 4059.27
3748.53
1987 2569.72
1989 2405.33 4630.3
1708.92
1991 1488.33
1993 3344.53
2536.79
1794.59
1995 3702.31
2952.78
1997 2831.18
1999 2107.86 5845.98
1415.88
FLOOD DAMAGE IN INDIA DURING
Total flood damage state wise and for
the union territory of Delhi
The macro-flood zones of
India may be broadly grouped
into the following zones:
(a) Brahmaputra River Basin,
(b) Ganga River Basin,
(c) North-West Rivers Basin,
and
(d) Central India and Deccan
Rivers Basin.
2012 Brahmaputra floods
This was another sorrow caused to Assam in recent years.
In July 2012, Brahmaputra and its tributaries showed its
wrath and since it was natural but it grabs a spot at number
2 and eye-catching event because the main area which was
affected included Kaziranga National Park, a park which is
the natural habitat of Rhinos. It cause a death of 540
animals including 13 Rhinos. The main reasons behind this
calamity is the deforestation in the area of passing by of
Brahmaputra.
6/11/2013 25
Floods- Disaster Managment
2010 Ladakh Floods.
It was 6th August 2010, when the series of
natural disasters started to take place in
Ladakh, a regional part of J&K ( Jammu and
Kashmir). It was accompanied with
cloudburst, debris flows and Flash floods from
Himalayan. Causality was less than 300 but
a great loss of property was reported. Areas
of Leh were also affected and it caused a loss
of total Rs. 133 crores INR.
6/11/2013 31
Local Perspective of Floods
23RD AND 24TH AUGUST, 2000
• 24cm rainfall for 24 hours
• 77 slums washed away
• 35,000 affected
• 142 people killed
• 90 residential areas under water (10 – 15 feet)
• More than 100 colonies submerged in water
28th September, 1908
• 15,000 people killed
• 19,000 houses demolished
• 80,000 dwellings demolished
• Average flood water level 15 – 20 feet
• Construction of Osman Sagar (1914), Himayat Sagar (1927).
INDISCRIMINATE ENCROACHMENT
INCREASING ECONOMIC AND
DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN FLOOD
PLAINS
LACK OF REGULATIONS
INADEQUATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE
LACK OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
HOSPITAL
GOVT. OFFICE POWER HOUSE
PARK
RIVER CHANNEL
FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING
STEPS
DATA COLLECTION
DATA TRANSMISSION
DISSEMINATION OF FORECAST
FLOOD FORECASTING
DATA COLLECTION
• HYDROLOGICAL
RIVER WATER LEVEL
RIVER DISCHARGE
• HYDROMETEOROLGICAL
RAINFALL
OTHER RECIPITATION
eg. SNOW, HAIL ETC.
FLOOD FORECASTING
DATA TRANSMISSION
• WIRELESS • SATELLITE
• TELEPHONE • TELEGRAPH
• FAX
FLOOD FORECASTING
DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION
• CORRELATION
• MATHEMATICAL
MODELS
FLOOD FORECASTING
DISSEMINATION
CIVIL AUTHORITY
PRESS, A I R
DOORDARSHAN
OTHER USERS
LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES
FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING
PRESENT SYSTEM - SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
RIVER STAGE & RIVER STAGE &
DISCHARGE AT DISCHARGE AT
WEATHER FORECASTS BASE STATION FORECASTING STATIONS RAINFALL
FORMULATION OF
C.E., S.E. CWC HQ MINISTRY OF WR
FORECAST
CIVIL AUTHORITIES
PRESS RADIO STATE GOVT.
ENGG. AUTHORITIES
P&T DOORDARSHAN CONTROL ROOM
DEFENCE INDUSTRIES
POLICE FLOOD COMMITTEE
RAILWAYS
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
27
17 15
9 8
3 2
23
15 14
11 11
6
4 4 3 2 2 2 1
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
During flood
PRIORITY - III
• To minimise vulnerability to floods and consequent loss of lives, livelihood systems, property
and damage to infrastructure and public utilities
• Flood damage assessment be made on a realistic and scientific basis and recorded basin-
/sub-basin-wise.
• Performance evaluation of a large number of FM schemes be carried out and their impact
on the socio economic development of the protected area be assessed.
• The use of flood plains be regulated and a suitable legislation for flood plain zoning be
enacted and enforced.
• Water Resources planning and construction be basin wise and basin organisations be set up.
• Storages in various forms is an important component of the package of measures for FM
and flood space in reservoirs be provided to the extent feasible and flood control not
relegated to a non- priority activity as against competing water requirements for
hydropower and Irrigation purposes.
• International dimensions of problem of floods be kept in mind and the GOI should play an
important role in the matter.
• Requisite funds be made available for construction of new and maintenance of existing
works.
• Emphasis be laid on research, education and training on FM.
6/11/2013 58
Location
The Krishna Flood bank Above Prakasam Barrage is about 13KM and
bellow flood bank is 6.40 Km which creates havoc in flood season which starts
from June to December. Water release from barrage with 4,12,734
to 10,94422 Cusecs is been observed over the years.
Mitigation
Recovery Preparedness
Response
Flood –Krishna
• Necessary free distribution of food shall be made to those who ever need in
the shelter and effected areas.
• Wherever possible dry rations shall be provided for home cooking.
• Community Kitchen for mass feeding shall be organized only for an affected
people do not have the means to cooks.
• While providing food assistance, local food practices shall be kept in mind
and commodities being provided must be carefully chosen, in consultation
with the affected population.
• Food must be of good quality, safe to consume, and appropriate and
acceptable to recipients.
• Food distributed should be of appropriate quality and fit for human
consumption.