INTRODUCTION

El Niño can cause more rain than usual. It affects different places like Toril,
Davao City, Philippines. Toril is part of the second-largest island in the
Philippines which called Mindanao. Mindanao is known as the land of
promise because of its rich biodiversity and natural resources. But because
of El Niño, Toril experiences flood that causes a bad effect on the animals,
plants, and crops.

El Niño can affect the water systems, economy, and the residency of the
people living in Toril, Davao City. The drought conditions can cause a wide
range of health problems, including disease outbreaks, heat stress, and
respiratory diseases. It can also be the cause of the loss of agriculture
production in Toril. There will be a shortage of water supplies. Lastly, the
livelihood of the several places in Toril will be affected by the drought
caused by the El Niño.

Philippine News Agency presented an article regarding the threats caused

by El Niño.In which states that water conservation must be practiced strictly
to avoid a water crisis. Despite the minimal effect induced by El Niño it’s
compulsory to take precautionary measures.

According to a new NASA study, the El Niño event brought weather

conditions that triggered regional disease outbreaks throughout the world.
During the El Niño in Brazil and Southeast Asia, the dengue fever
proliferated. Another effect brought by El Nino is heat stress. DOH
(2015).The El Niño phenomenon is characterized by extreme climatic
conditions; extreme temperature rise with a little rainfall, and at the opposite
extreme, there is unusually heavy rainfall. The researchers focus to conduct
the study because of these major impacts that are occurring globally.
 CHAPTER I

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Drought season is being announced by the executives of Davao since El

Nino will take place in early October. The barangay of Toril is expected to
conserve and store water for any unexpected occurrences. The
phenomenon is also bound to happen in Metro Manila and some other
places in Mindanao. It caused a water shortage in Indangan. This case
resulted in reduced rainfall that led to dry spells, droughts, and stronger
typhoons. El Nino is a climate cycle, it can't be stopped. It takes place every
October until March, the public should be all set for it. The legislative should
promote policies that conserve water. And also, everyone must always save
water. They can recycle the water if they desire to, but everyone ought to
be educated enough to execute it

CHAPTER II

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This study aims to promote awareness of the dangers of El Nino. This study
calls out officials to take consideration of social and environmental
responsibilities. Therefore, government leaders would be able to strictly
comply with their laws. With this awareness, it enables people in the field of
science and technology to innovate further. To this extent, people nowadays
may also provide abrupt and concise solutions for the problem.

The areas to be covered in the study contains the subject itself which is El
Nino. It comprises the long-term objectives to be followed and done within
a long period. Limits have then ensued to bypass the results of the study if
solutions are being executed. The area is only limited therefore limited
solutions are foreseen due to lack of knowledge and technological tools.
 CHAPTER III

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section emphasizes the related works on the impacts of El Nino on

water resources. Themes that are presented in this review include the
history of El Nino, its causes and impacts in our water systems, and reports
from sites in the Philippines and other countries. This chapter aims to
develop a more extensive thought of the topic.

Effects of El Nino in the water supply

El Niño is a part of a routine climate marking that occurs when sea surface
temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean rise to burn levels for an
expanded period. It happens every April until October. It has an exact
opposite which is La Nina.

Since early 2015, more than 40 percent of the Philippines has been
experiencing critical drought triggered by El-Niño, causing the loss of
agriculture production. The drought had an impact on water supplies and
the livelihoods of several towns in Cebu. El Niño lasted for 18 months in the
Philippines and officially ended in July 2016. Most parts of the country
received way-below to below-normal rainfall in January and parts of
February. Climate outlook for March showed that 62 percent of the country
including almost the whole of Mindanao will experience drought and dry
spell.

The primary causes of El Niño exist when the wind blows from the east to
the west along the equator in the Pacific. The winds impelling the water get
more vulnerable and as an outcome, several of the warm water
concentrated in the west is heavily drawn towards the east. Not so much
cold water is pulled up from beneath making the water in the pacific warmer,
which results in El Niño events.
International: Quarter of the world's population facing extreme water
stress.

Water stress is the biggest crisis no one is talking about. Its conflicts are in
plain vision in the form of food insecurity, conflict and migration, and
financial instability. The article discusses that nearly a quarter of the world's
population live in 17 countries facing intensely high water stress, close to
"day zero" conditions when the taps run dry, according to a report released
Tuesday, August 6.

National: PAGASA warns of full blown El Nino in 2019.

El Niño is "the warm phase of ENSO." According to PAGASA, it occurs

every 2 to 7 years and lasts 8 to 12 months.PAGASA presented the things
that may occur when El Nin: affects the Philippines: Extended dry season,
dry spell or drought conditions in most parts of the country, and above
normal air temperature. "Water stress is the biggest crisis no one is talking
about. Its consequences are in plain sight in the form of food insecurity,
conflict and migration, and financial instability," said Andrew Steer, CEO of
WRI.

Local: Water crisis looming.

The article displays the inconsistent water supply and how badly it can affect
various subdivisions. It presents the effect of the "development explosion"
in Davao City. Davao City Water District (DCWD) partnered with Apo Agua
to maintain the water resources whenever the economy projects will be
approved.“It’s really more of the protection of the groundwater source, ito
ang isa sa major reasons nila why they came up with this project,”( Almario
III, 2019) Aside from that, in a 2015 hydrological study commissioned by the
DCWD in Davao City to assess the level of its aquifers, it showed that Davao
City’s water source is still very much sustainable. Yet still needs critical
protection from various aspects.
 CHAPTER IV

RECOMMENDED SOLUTION

The impacts of the El Nino phenomenon requires long-term solutions.

These solutions rely on government agencies to deliver their duties. Applied
solutions from different nations such as drip-irrigation, conserving water and
energy, dredging of waterways, and replacing tunnels and aqueducts are
said to be sufficient.

Drip-Irrigation is the slow application of water to the soil through small

openings on lines which are laid along with the cultivation plot. Through this
system, enough water is supplied to meet crop demands.

Dredging is a critical process wherein removes sediment that can maintain

the appropriate width and depth passage of cargo vessels carrying oil, raw
materials, and other essential commodities.

Tunnels are aqueducts to supply water for consumption or hydroelectric

stations. Therefore renewing these tunnels improves the flow of the water
system.

As individuals, we are expected to perform the basics of conserving water

and energy in any form of setting. Agencies such as the National Water
Management Council (NWMC), National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA), National Water Resources Board (NWRB), and River
Basin Control Office are expected to establish these systems to avoid the
possible catastrophes from El Nino.
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