07/08/2019 Week 2: Tutorial | Networking Fundamentals: IT Infrastructure and Security (1950)

Week 2: Tutorial | Networking Fundamentals

Aims

Examine Network Topologies

Familiarise with Network Addressing
Practice Subnetting

Glossary

Network Topology The particular arrangement of interconnected devices

Logical Address Network layer address (eg. IPv4, IPv6)

Physical Address Data Link layer address (eg. MAC address)

Subnet A network which is a partition of a larger network

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server.

DHCP server Issues logical addresses to network devices.

Usually found running on routers.

Part A

The following diagrams illustrate different topologies of networked machines.

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07/08/2019 Week 2: Tutorial | Networking Fundamentals: IT Infrastructure and Security (1950)

Discuss the pros & cons and possible use cases for these
topologies.

Part B

To operate on the network layer a device needs a logical address.

Note: The current standards for network address protocols are IPv4 and IPv6.

IP addresses are often represented as a blocks of digits.

The same address may be represented in different number systems; for IPv4, decimal is common.

Eg. 192.168.0.110 is equivalent to 11000000.10101000.00000000.000000012

Decimal Binary

192 11000000

168 10101000

0 00000000

1 00000001

IPv6 is usually displayed in hexadecimal blocks often using a shorthand

Eg. 000c:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:006d is equivalent to c::6d

Note: ‘::’ is shorthand for compressing a series of 16-bit blocks all with value 000016
(It can occur no more than once in a valid address)

Hexadecimal Binary

000c 0000000000001100

0000 0000000000000000

0000 0000000000000000

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07/08/2019 Week 2: Tutorial | Networking Fundamentals: IT Infrastructure and Security (1950)

0000 0000000000000000

0000 0000000000000000

0000 0000000000000000

0000 0000000000000000

006d 0000000001101101

Q1: Why are there two logical addressing standards?

Q2: How many addresses can IPv4 and IPv6 support?

Q3: Why would we subdivide a network?

To designate the subnet for a given address we accompany it with a ‘subnet mask’

For example, addresses with the subnet mask of 11111111.11111111.11111111.0000002

are considered to be on the same local subnetwork as any other address with the same first 24
bits.

Again, this is usually displayed as decimal: 255.255.255.010 or shorthand /24

Q4: Are 10.10.10.63/26 and 10.10.10.64/26 on the same subnet?

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07/08/2019 Week 2: Tutorial | Networking Fundamentals: IT Infrastructure and Security (1950)

Q5: Are ::a9:3f4a/121 and ::a9:3f7a/121 on the same subnet?

 

Further Studies

Wiki: InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System)

Resources

Tool: IPv4/IPv6 subnet calculator (http://www.gestioip.net/cgi-bin/subnet_calculator.cgi)

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