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Radial displacement
Westergaard, a British Scientist, proposed (1938) a formula for the
computation of vertical stress by a point load, P, at the surface as
follow:
where
Westergaards 1938
Such conditions are found for structures extended very much in one
direction, such as strip and wall foundations,foundations of retaining
walls, embankments, dams and the like. Q/m
Q/m
mh
nh
z h Px
sZ
sX Earth-retaining structure
X
x
Stresses due to line load Lateral pressure due to line load
sx = 2Q m2n
ph (m2 + n2)2 px = 4Q m2n
ph (m2 + n2)2
sz = 2Q z3
p (x2 + z2)2 The total thrust on the structure
txz = 2Q z3 Px = 2Q 1
p (x2 + z2)2 p m2 + 1
DUE TO UNIFORM PRESSURE ON STRIP AREA
B
q Contours of equal vertical stress
B
q
z
0.8q
a b sZ 0.6q
sX
X 0.4q B
x
Stresses due to linearly incresing pressure
B
sz = q (x a - ½ sin 2b)
q
p B
R2
sx = q (x a - z ln R12 + ½ sin 2b)
R1 p B B R22
z
a b sZ txz = q (1 + cos 2b - 2za)
2p B
sX
X
DUE TO UNIFORM PRESSURE ON CIRCULAR AREA
Vertical stress under the center of the area
(at depth z, diameter D = 2R) :
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
sz = q 1 - 1 3/2 = q Ic 0.6
1 + (R/z)2
Ic 0.5
sz = q Ic
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D/z
DUE TO UNIFORM PRESSURE ON RECTANGULAR AREA
B
q
0.8q
0.6q
0.4q
0.2q
B
The bulb of pressure
2B
3B
sz = q Ir
Ir
sz = α N q
z
Reproduced from N.M Newmark (1942) Influence Charts for
Computation of Stresses in elastic Foundations
1
1 -
s z/q =
1 r / z 2
3/ 2
η
sz = qη
r = ~ sz= q
r = 0 s z= 0
z 1 - n
-2 / 3
ri = -1
ηi = 1 / η I ηi ri / z
0 0.0 0.000
ratio ri / z untuk η = 10 : 1 0.1 0.270
2 0.2 0.400
3 0.3 0.518
4 0.4 0.637
5 0.5 0.766
6 0.6 0.918
7 0.7 0.110
8 0.8 1.387
9 0.9 1.908
10 1.0 ~
Influence coefficient : α = 1/(m n)
σz = q α N
where :
N = numbers of Newmark circular
sectors influence coefficient
q = uniformly distributed load
m = sector
(m=20 ; n=10)
Problem
A rectangular foundation 4 m x 6 m transmits a stress of 100 kPa on the
surface of a soil deposit. Plot the distribution of increases of vertical stresses
with depth under points A, B, and C up to a depth of 20 m. At what depth is
the increase in vertical stress below A less than 10% of the surface stress?
PROBLEM
A water tank, 15 m in diameter and 10 m high, is proposed for a site where there is an existing
pipeline (Figure P7.26). Plot the distribution of vertical and lateral stress increases imposed by
the water tank on the pipeline along one-half the circumference nearest to the tank.
The empty tank’s weight (deal load) is 350 kN. Assume the water tank is fi lled to its capacity.