5 Magnetism

Level-I
Chapter 5
Magnetism and Matter
Solutions (Set-1)
Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. How can a paramagnetic and a diamagnetic rod be distinguished in a magnetic field?
Sol. When both rods are suspended in a magnetic field, diamagnetic rod stands perpendicular while paramagnetic
rod stands parallel to magnetic field.
2. What is Curie temperature?

Sol. It is the temperature above which ferromagnetic material behaves like paramagnetic material.
3. How does the magnetic permeability differ for dia, para and ferromagnetic substances?
Sol. Magnetic permeability for diamagnetic material < 1
paramagnetic material > 1

ferromagnetic material >> 1
4. Earth’s core has ferromagnetic material like iron yet it is not considered as source of earth’s magnetism, why?
Sol. These material in earth core is in molten state i.e., at temperature much above its curie temperature hence
it cannot retain magnetism.
5. How relative permeability of a magnetic material is related to its magnetic susceptibility?
Sol. μ r = (1 + χm ) where μr = relative permeability
χm = magnetic susceptibility.
6. What is angle of dip at equator?

Sol. Zero
7. What is SI unit of magnetic permeability and magnetic susceptibility?

Sol. SI unit of magnetic permeability is newton/ampere2 or tesla-meter/ampere or weber/ampere-meter and magnetic
susceptibility is unit less.
8. If a bar magnet is cut into two pieces transverse to its length, how will its pole strength and magnetic dipole
moment change?
Sol. On cutting a bar magnet transverse to its length, the pole strengths remains unchanged and magnetic dipole
moment becomes half of its original value.
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2 Magnetism and Matter Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
9. Which magnetic field configuration always have a north and south pole?
Sol. Magnetic field configuration which is produced by a source whose magnetic dipole moment is not zero, always
have north and south pole.
10. If magnetic monopoles existed, how would Gauss’s law of magnetism be modified?
Sol. If monopole existed, then Gauss’s law in magnetism would have been similar to Gauss’s law in electrostatics

i.e.,
 B ⋅ dS = μ0 qm . Where qm is magnetic charge enclosed by Gaussian surface.
Short Answer Type Questions :
11. What is the main use of hysteresis curve?
Sol. The main use of hysteresis curve lies in the selection of suitable material for different uses like for
electromagnet, permanent magnets. This selection is done on the basis of properties like retentivity, coercivity,
energy loss, which are revealed by the hysteresis curve.
12. When an iron bar magnet is heated above 1000ºC and then cooled in a magnetic field free space, will it retain
magnetism?
Sol. No, it will lose its magnetism because curie temperature for iron is 750ºC. Above theis temperature iron
becomes paramagnetic and lose its magnetism.
13. What do you mean by soft magnetic material? Also write their uses.
Sol. The ferromagnetic material which have low retentivity, low coercivity and low hysteresis loss are called as soft
magnetic material. e.g., soft iron, Mu metal and stalloy. These are used for making electromagnets, core of
transformer, motors etc.
14. If a compass is taken to magnetic south pole of the earth, what will be the direction of the needle?
Sol. At poles earth’s magnetic field is vertical. Compass needle is free to move in a horizontal plane, therefore
compass may rest in any arbitrary direction, not necessarily in north south direction.
15. How does the knowledge of declination at a place help in navigation?
Sol. For navigation, true north and south directions are very essential. If we know angle of declination at a place
we can find geographical meridian i.e., we can find geographical north and south directions.
16. If a toroid uses bismuth for its core, will the field in the core be (slightly) greater or (slightly) less than when
the core is empty?
Sol. Bismuth is a diamagnetic material, therefore
μ < μ0
μ
<1
μ0
B μ
= <1
B0 μ 0
B < B0
Hence field (B) in core will be less than the field when core is empty (B0).
17. What is geomagnetic equator?
Sol. A plane perpendicular to the line joining the magnetic poles of earth and passing through the centre of the
earth intersects the earth’s spherical surface into a circle. This circle is called as geomagnetic equator.
18. What are the magnetic maps?
Sol. The values of declination, dip and horizontal component of earth’s field vary from place to place. These values
are depicted in charts, known as magnetic maps.
Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Magnetism and Matter 3
19. What is the maximum value of dip angle, where it is maximum and with what instrument the dip angle is
measured?
Sol. 90º, at magnetic poles, dip circle is the instrument used to measure dip angle.
20. Write down formula for magnetic field due to a short bar magnet at equatorial position. What is angle between
magnetic field and magnetic dipole moment of the bar magnet at equatorial position?
μ0 M
Sol. B = μ0 = magnetic permeability of free space.
4π r 3
M = Magnetic dipole moment of the bar magnet.
r = Distance of the point from the bar magnet.
B = Magnetic field.

Angle between M and B at perpendicular bisector (equatorial line) is 180º.
21. Soft iron is preferred for making the core of a transformer, why?
Sol. For soft iron area enclosed by hysteresis loop is very small, therefore, energy dissipated per unit volume per
cycle of magnetisation is small, hence it is preferred for core of transformer.
22. State Curie law in magnetism.
Sol. According to curie law, intensity of magnetisation I of magnetic material is directly proportional to magnetic
induction B and inversely proportional to the absolute temperature T of the material.
I∝B ...(i)
1
I∝ ...(ii)
T
B
I∝ B∝H
T
H
I∝
T
I 1
∝
H T
1
χm ∝
T
C
χm = C = Curie constant
T
χm = Magnetic susceptibility
23. What do you mean by hard magnetic material?
Sol. Those magnetic material which have high retentivity, high coercivity and large hysteresis loss are called hard
magnetic material e.g., steel, alnico, alcomax and ticonal. These are used for making permanent magnets.
24. Why is diamagnetism almost independent of temperature?
Sol. The induced dipole moment in a diamagnetic substance is opposite to B and is independent to the internal
motion of the atom. The internal motion of atom is temperature dependent.
25. A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of 0.64 J T–1. Find magnitude of magnetic field produced by magnet
at distance of 10 cm from its centre on the equatorial line of the magnet. Also write the direction of magnetic
field.
μ0 M
Sol. B =
4π r 3
0.64 B
= 10 −7 × 3
(0.1)
10 cm
−7 0.64
= 10 × = 0.64 × 10–4 T
10 −3
B = 6.4 × 10–5 T. S N
B is opposite to magnetic dipole moment.
26. A circular coil of 20 turns and radius 10 cm carrying current of 0.080 A rests with its plane normal to an external
magnetic field of magnitude 2.0 × 10–2 T. When coil is turned by 30º, find magnitude of field torque on the coil.
Sol. Magnetic dipole moment
M = NiA = 20 × 0.8 × π(0.1)2 = 16π × 10–2 A m2
1
τ = MB sin 30º = 16π × 10–2 × 2 × 10–2 × = 16π × 10–4 N m
2
27. A bar magnet of magnetic dipole moment 12 A m2 has magnetic length 48 cm. Calculate the pole strength.
Sol. M = 12 Am2
L = 48 cm = 0.48 m
M = qmL
M 12 1200
qm = = = = 25 Am
L 0.48 48
28. Whether it is possible that a magnet has
(a) No poles
(b) Two similar poles
(c) Three poles
Sol. (a) Yes, there can be a magnet with no poles. e.g., toroid.
(b) Yes, when two bar magnets are joined as shown.
N S S N
(c) Yes
29. Name parts of earth’s magnetic elements.
Sol. It includes
(a) Angle of declination.
(b) Angle of inclination.
(c) Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field.
30. Find work done in rotating a magnetic dipole from its stable equilibrium position to unstable equilibrium position.
Sol. Work done in rotating a magnetic dipole in magnetic field.
W = MB (cos θi – cos θf)
W = MB (cos 0° – cos 180°)
W = MB (1 – (–1))
W = 2MB
Long Answer Type Questions :
31. What is paramagnetism? How does a paramagnetic material behave in the presence of an external magnetic
field? Explain with the help of appropriate diagram.
Sol. Certain substances when placed in a magnetic field are feebly magnetised in the same direction as the
magnetising field. This is known as paramagnetism.
(a) The relative permeability of paramagnetic substances is slightly greater than one (μr > 1). Therefore
external magnetic field prefer to pass through the paramagnetic substances than to air.
Paramagnetic Substance
(b) Paramagnetic substances obey Curie’s law, that their magnetic susceptibility decreases when its absolute
temperature increases according to inverse relation.
1
χm ∝
T
∴ On lowering temperature magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic substances decreases.
(c) Paramagnetic substances corresponds to a polar dielectrics. Both paramagnetic substances and polar
dielectrics have permanent dipole moment.
32. A magnetising field of 1600 A m–1 produces a magnetic flux of 4.8 × 10–5 Wb in an iron bar of cross-sectional
area 0.4 cm2. Calculate its
(a) Magnetic permeability
(b) Magnetic susceptibility
Sol. Magnetic flux density
φ 4.8 × 10−5
B= = = 1.2 Wb/m2
A 0.4 × 10−4
(a) Given, H = 1600 Am–1
B 1.2
∴ μ= = = 7.5 × 10–4 NA–2
H 1600
(b) μ = μ0 (1 + χm)
μ
− 1 = χm
μ0
7.5 × 10−4
χm = −1
4 × 3.14 × 10 −7
χm = 596
33. (a) The magnetic susceptibility of iron is greater than that of aluminium. What do you infer from this?
(b) Explain why a ferromagnetic material is used as a device for storing memory.
Sol. (a) The greater is the value of magnetic susceptibility χm of a substance, greater is the intensity of
magnetisation for given magnetising field. Iron is more easily magnetised than aluminium.
(b) The magnetisation of a ferromagnetic substances are not completely reversible, this can be explain on
the basis of domain theory. When a ferromagnetic substances is kept in a magnetising field, it is
magnetised due to favourable motion of domain boundaries and suitable orientation of domain directions.
When magnetising field is with drawn domains are not completely disoreint but retain some memories
of their previous magnetisation. This property of ferromagnetic substances are used to store informations
as in case of computer disc, cassette tapes.
34. Two small magnets are placed horizontally perpendicular to the magnetic meridian. Their north poles are at
30 cm east and 20 cm west from a compass needle. If the compass needle remains undeflected, compare
the magnetic moments of the magnets.
Sol. The compass needle on axis of the magnets of magnetic field at C due to both the magnets are B1 and B2,
then
Since compass needle remains undeflected therefore
N
B1 = B2
μ 0 2M1 μ 0 2M2 W E
=
4π r13 4π r23
M1 M2
=
(0.2) 3
(0.3)3 30 cm 20 cm
N S S N
Compass
M1 8
= 2 1
M2 27
35. A magnetising field of 1500 A/m produces a magnetic flux density 0.48 Wb/m2 in an iron bar. Calculate
magnetic permeability and susceptibility of iron bar used.
A
Sol. Given, H = 1500 , B = 0.48 Wb/m2
m
B 0.48 −4 T m
μ = = = 3.2 × 10
H 1500 A
I
χ=
H
B = μ 0 [H + I ] ⇒ B = μ 0 [H + χ H ] ⇒ B = μ 0 [1 + χ] H
B = μH
μH = μ 0 [1 + χ] H
μ = μ0 [1 + χ]
μ = μ0 + μ0 χ
μ − μ0 = μ0 χ
μ 
χ= − 1
 μ0 
 3.2 × 10−4 
χ= − 1
−7
 4π × 10 
χ = 255 − 1
χ = 254
36. (a) Distinguish between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic material in respect of their (i) Intensity of magnetisation
(ii) Behaviour in non-uniform magnetic field and (iii) susceptibility.
(b) If actual angle of dip at a place is δ and δ1, δ2 are apparent angles of dip in two mutually perpendicular
planes, then prove that cot2 δ = cot2 δ1 + cot2 δ2.
Sol. (a)
Diamagnetic material Ferromagnetic material
Intensity of magnetization is low, negative. Intensity of magnetization is positive and high.

Behaviour in non uniform magnetic field
Diamagnetic material moves from stronger Ferromagnetic material moves from weaker field
field to weaker field. to stronger magnetic field.
Magnetic susceptibility of material
For diamagnetic material it is negative and For ferromagnetic substances it is high and
low. positive.
(b) Angle of dip on meridian one is
Bv
tan δ1 =
BH cos φ
tan δ
tan δ1 =
cos φ
tan δ
cos φ = ...(i)
tan φ1
Angle of dip on the meridian 2 is Magnetic meridian
Bv
tan δ 2 =
BH sin φ Meridian Meridian
2 BH
1
tan δ
tan δ 2 = BH cos φ
sin φ
BH sin φ
φ
tan δ
sin φ = ...(ii)
tan δ 2 90–φ
Squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii)
tan2 δ tan2 δ
sin2 φ + cos2 φ = +
tan2 δ 2 tan2 δ1
1 1 1
= +
tan δ tan δ1 tan2 δ 2
2 2
cot 2 δ = cot 2 δ1 + cot 2 δ 2 Prooved.
37. (a) A compass needle having magnetic moment 40 Am2 is pointing towards north at a place where horizontal
component of earth magnetic field is 80 μ Wb/m2. If torque acting on the needle is 1.6 × 10–3 N-m, then
calculate angle of dip at the place.
(b) What properties should be present in a material which can be used as permanent magnet?
Sol. (a) M = 40 Am2
BH = 80 × 10–6 Wb m–2
τ = 1.6 × 10–3 N-m
τ = MB sin θ
τ
sin θ =
M ×B
1.6 × 10−3 1.6 × 10−3

= =
40 × 80 × 10−6 32 × 10−4
1.6 1
= × 101 =
32 2
sin θ = 30º
(b) (i) Retentivity should be high.
(ii) High coercivity so that magnetism cannot be easily erased.
(iii) High permeability.
(iv) High area under hysteresis loop.
38. A solenoid of 500 turns per meter is carrying current of 3 A. Its core is made of iron, which has a relative permeability
of 5000. Determine the magnitude of intensity of magnetisation I and magnetic field inside the core.
Sol. Given, n = 500 turns/m, i = 3 A, μr = 5000
Magnetic intensity H = ni
= 500 × 3 = 1500 Am–1
μr = 1 + χm
χm = μr – 1
= 5000 – 1 = 4999 ≈ 5000
μ
μr = ≈ 5000
μ0
μ = 5000 μ0
I = χmH = 5000 × 1500
I = 7.5 × 106 Am–1
Magnetic field inside core, B = μH = 5000 μ0H = 5000 (4π × 10–7) × 1500 = 3π
B = 9.4 T
39. The magnetic field due to a very small magnet at a point is perpendicular to magnetic moment. Find the angle
made by the line joining centre of magnet to the point and magnetic moment of bar magnet.
Sol. From the diagram,
B
φ = 90 – θ
φ
tan φ = cot θ ...(i)
As we know φ
1
tan φ = tan θ
2
θ
1
cot θ = tan θ S N M
2
cos θ 1 sin θ
=
sin θ 2 cos θ
tan2 θ = 2
tan θ = 2
θ = tan−1( 2)
40. What is magnetic shielding? How can a space be shielded from magnetic fields?
Sol. The process of protecting a material from magnetic effect is called magnetic shielding. When we place a soft
iron piece (in the form of a ring) around the material to be protected, the magnetic field lines crowd into the
soft iron ring due to their high μ, and cannot enter the region within the ring. Thus magnetic field has no effect
on the objects within the ring. For magnetic screening, we can use a soft iron sheet, a hollow soft iron cylinder
or a hollow sphere of iron, apart from soft iron ring.
41. What is pole strength of a bar magnet if its magnetic dipole moment is 4 × 10–2 A m2 and separation between
two poles in 5 cm?
Sol. Magnetic dipole moment
M = qm × L
4 × 10–2 = qm × 5 × 10–2
4 × 10−2
qm =
5 × 10−2
qm = 0.8 A m
42. The work done in turning a magnet of magnetic dipole moment M by 90º from its stable equilibrium position
is n times the corresponding work done to turn it through an angle of 60º. Find value of n.
Sol. Work done to turn magnet by 90º is
W1 = MB [1 – cos 90°]
W1 = MB ...(i)
Work done to turn magnet by 60º
W2 = MB (1 – cos 60°)
 1
= MB  1 − 
 2
MB
W2 =
2
W1 = nW2
MB
MB = n
2
n=2
43. What do you mean by electromagnet? Compare permanent magnet with electromagnet.
Sol. Electromagnet is a temporary strong magnet and it is obtained by
winding of solenoid on a soft iron core which has high permeability Soft iron core
and low retentivity.
Uses of electromagnet :
(i) It is used in electrical devices such as electric bell, electric fan,
telegraph etc.
(ii) For lifting and transporting large mass of iron.
(iii) In removing pieces of iron from the wounds.
Comprison between permanent magnet with an electromagnet is :
(i) Permanent magnet cannot be readily demagnetised while electromagnet can be demagnetised by stopping
current through solenoid.
(ii) Strength of magnetic field produced by permanent magnet cannot be charged but that of electromagnet
can be changed by adjusting current through solenoid.
(iii) The polarity of permanent magnet is fixed while that of an electromagnet can be changed by reversing
the direction of current through the solenoid.
44. What do you mean by hysteresis? Explain it. Draw hysteresis loop and show remanence and coercivity in
hysteresis loop.
Sol. The phenomenon of lagging of intensity of magnetisation I or magnetic induction B, behind the magnetic field
intensity H when a magnetic material is subjected to a cycle of magnetisation is called hysteresis.

When an unmagnetised magnetic material is subjected to magnetising field of intensity H , material starts

developing magnetic induction inside it. As H increases magnetic induction in the material also increases and
finally get saturated. This represent allignment
and merger of
B
domains of ferromagnetic material. When H is decreased, B

also decreases but with lesser rate. When H becomes zero, a
b

there is some magnetic induction left in the magnetial (B ≠ 0) .
c O H
This value of B left is called residual magnetism or remanence.
e
Now if H is applied in opposite direction residual magnetism d

starts reducing till it becomes zero. The value of negative H
needed to bring residual magnetism to zero is called coercive
force or coercivity.
Ob - represent–remanence,Oc - represent - coercive force.
45. Define terms magnetic permeability and magnetic susceptibility. Derive relation between relative permeability
and susceptibility.
μ)
Sol. Magnetic Permeability (μ
It is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of total magnetic field (B) inside a material to that of magnitude of
magnetic intensity (H)”
B
μ=
H
Wb
1. It is a scalar quantity, its unit and dimensions are [MLT–2A–2]
Am
2. The physical significance of magnetic permeability is that, it measures that extent to which a magnetising
field can penetrate or permeate a given magnetic material.
χm]
Magnetic Susceptibility [χ
→ →
It is defined as the “ratio of magnitude of intensity of magnetisation | I | to that of magnetic intensity | H | ”
I
χm =
H
1. It is a scalar quantitiy with no dimension, no unit.

2. The physical significance of magnetic susceptibility is that it is the degree of ease with which a magnetic
material can be magnetised. A material with higher value χm can easily be magnetised.
Relation between relative Permeability and magnetic susceptibility
As we known
B = μ0H + μ0I ⇒ B = μ0 (H + I)
B = μ0 (H + χmH) ⇒ B = μ0H (1 + χm)
B
= μ 0 (1 + χm )
H
μ = μ0 (1 + χm)
μ
= (1 + χm )
μ0
μ
μ r = (1 + χ m ) μr =
μ0

Level-I
Chapter 5
Magnetism and Matter
Solutions (Set-2)
1. A bar magnet of magnetic moment M is bent in the form of quadrant of circular arc. The new magnetic moment
is
2M 2 2M 2M
(1) (2) (3) (4) M
π π π
Sol. Answer (2)
M
2r
π
r =l
2
M = qml
2l 2 2
Mnew = qm 2r = qm 2 ⋅ = M
π π
2. The pole strength of a bar magnet is 48 A m and the distance between its poles is 25 cm. The torque, by
which it can be held at an angle of 30° with the uniform magnetic field of strength 0.15 Wb/m2, will be
(1) 0.90 N m (2) 1.80 N m (3) 2.70 N m (4) 3.6 N m
Sol. Answer (1)
τ = MB sin30º
25 1
= 48 × × 0.15 × = 0.90 N m
100 2
3. A small magnetic needle performs 10 oscillations/minute in the earth’s horizontal magnetic field. When a bar
magnet is placed near the small magnet in same position, frequency of oscillations becomes 10 2
oscillations/minute. If the bar magnet be turned around end to end, the rate of oscillation of small magnet will
become
(1) 5 2 / min (2) 20 2 / min (3) 2 2 / min (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (4)
Net magnetic moment of magnet when turned around end to end.
4. Two short bar magnets of magnetic moment M each are placed at a distance 2d apart. The magnetic field
midway between them at P is
S
S N P
d d
N
μ 0 3M μ0 M 5 μ 0 2M μ0 M
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4π d 3 4π d 3 4π d 3 4π d 3
Sol. Answer (2)

S
0 M
4 d3
S N
M 0 2M
4 d3 M
N
d
d
2 2
 μ0 M  μ  2M  μ 0 5M
Bnet =  3
+ 0 3 =
4π d  4π  d  4π d 3
5. A bar magnet oscillates in a region of uniform magnetic field with time period T. Now, a piece of wood identical
in all respects in terms of mass and length is joined with bar magnet as shown. The new time period of
oscillation is
N S
Wood
T
(1) T (2) 2 T (3) (4) 2T
2
Sol. Answer (4)
I
T = I ′ = 2I
MB
∴ T ′ = 2T
6. The period of oscillation of compass needle is 8 s at a place where dip angle is 30º and magnetic field is B1. At
B2
another place where dip angle is 60º and magnetic field is B2, the period of oscillation is 4 s then is
B1
5 8
(1) 4 3 (2) 3 3 (3) (4)
7 7
Sol. Answer (1)
T1 B2 cos 60º
=
T2 B1 cos30º
B2
=4 3
B1
7. The magnitude of magentic field, due to a dipole of magnetic moment 2.4 Am2, at a point 200 cm away from
it in the direction making an angle of 90º with the dipole axis is
(1) 3 × 10–6 T (2) 3 × 10–7 T (3) 3 × 10–8 T (4) 0.3 × 10–7 T
Sol. Answer (3)
μ 0 M 10 −7 × 2.4
B= = = 3 × 10 −8 T
4π d 3 8
8. Which of the following is correct?
(1) The magnetic field lines need not be perpendicular to the surface from which they originate
(2) Complete magnetic shielding is not possible
(3) Curie point is the critical temperature below which a substance behaves as super conductor
(4) A bar magnet’s dipole moment can be always determined in the presence of an external field
Sol. Answer (1)
(Earth’s Magnetism)
9. In tangent galvanometer generally for more accuracy deflection of galvanometer should be taken in range of
(1) 10º to 30º (2) 60º to 75º (3) 75º to 90º (4) 30º to 60º
Sol. Answer (4)
10. In tanA position two short bar magnets of magnetic moments in ratio of 3 : 1 are placed at same distance
respectively. If the deflection produced for the first magnet be 60º then what will be deflection for second magnet?
(1) 45º (2) 60º (3) 30º (4) 90º
Sol. Answer (1)
M1 tan θ1 3 tan60º
=  =  θ = 45º
M2 tan θ2 1 tan θ
11. A deflection magnetometer is adjusted in the usual way. When a magnet is introduced, the deflection observed
is θ = 60º and the period of oscillation of the needle in magnetometer is T. When the magnet is removed the
time period of oscillation is T0. The relation between T and T0 is
2T 2 T02
(1) 2T 2 = T02 (2) = T02 (3) T = T0
2
(4) T =
3 2
Sol. Answer (1)
1
T ∝
B
T BH 1
= = ⇒ 2T2 = T0
T0 BH 2
cos 60º
12. The true value of angle of dip at a place is 60°. The apparent angle of dip, when a magnetic needle is rotated
through 30° from the magnetic meridian at the same place, is
 1 3 4
(1) tan −1 (2) (2) tan −1   (3) tan −1   (4) tan −1  
2 2 3
Sol. Answer (1)
BV tan δ 3
tan δ app = = =
BH cos α cos α 3
2
∴ δ app = tan−1(2)
13. In a vertical plane p1 making angle 30° with magnetic meridian, apparent angle of dip is 60°. The apparent angle
of dip in vertical plane p2, which is perpendicular to plane p1 is
 1
(1) 30° (2) 45° (3) tan–1(3) (4) tan −1 
3
Sol. Answer (3)
In p1, α = 30°
 BV 
δ app = tan−1  = 60º
 BH cos α 
BV
tan60º = …(i)
BH cos30º
Similarly for p2, α = 60º
 BV  −1  tan60º cos30º 
δ app = tan−1  = tan   = tan–1 (3)
 BH cos 60º  cos 60º
14. In a dip circle, the measurement of an apparant dip is 60º at a place where true dip is 30º. If the dip circle
is rotated through 90º then the reading of dip circle is
–1 8  8 8  8


(1) cot  (4) tan 
–1
 (2) cot –1  (3) tan –1  
 3 3 3  3 
Sol. Answer (1)
cot 2 δ + cot 2 60º = cot 2 30º
1 8
cot 2 δ = 3 − =
3 3
8
δ = cot −1
3
[Magnetic Properties]
15. The graph between temperature and magnetic susceptibility for a paramagnetic substance is
χ χ χ χ
(1) (2) (3) (4)

T T T T
Sol. Answer (4)

16. Dip circle can be used to determine the angle of dip at a place. Dip circle consists of a magnetic needle free
to rotate in a vertical plane. The end points of the needle move over a vertical circular scale. This arrangement
can rotate about vertical axis. The angle rotated about vertical axis can be read from a horizontal scale.
90º
0º 0º
90º
90º 0º
0º 90º
The magnetic needle will stay in vertical position if

(1) The dip circle is in geographic meridian
(2) The dip circle is in magnetic meridian
(3) The dip circle is perpendicular to the magnetic meridian
(4) The dip circle is perpendicular to the geographic meridian
Sol. Answer (3)
Refer theory of magnetic needle.
17. In previous problem, if the dip circle is now rotated about vertical axis by 90º. Now the needle is at 60º from
vertical. The angle of dip at that place is
(1) 30º (2) 60º (3) 90º (4) 150º
Sol. Answer (1)
δ = 90º – 60º = 30º
18. In problem number (16), if dip circle is further rotated about vertical axis by 60º then the apparent dip at that
position will be
 1   
(1) tan –1   (2) tan–1(2) (3) 60º (4) tan –1  2 
 2  3
Sol. Answer (4)
 BV   tan30º  −1  2 
δ app = tan−1  = tan−1   = tan 

 BH cos α   cos 60º   3 
19. A bar magnet has pole strength m and dipole moment μ. If it is cut in transverse manner in two equal parts
then pole strength and dipole moment of each half is respectively
m μ m μ
(1) m, μ (2) ,μ (3) m, (4) ,
2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
μ = ml N S
If ′ = /2 ⇒ μ′ = μ/2
20. A bar magnet of dipole moment M is bent at mid point by 90° (in the form of english alphabet ‘L’). The new
dipole moment of the magnet will be
M M
(1) M (2) (3) 2M (4)
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)
2 2
M  M  M  M 
M′ =   +   =   2 =  
2 2 2  2
21. A bar magnet of dipole moment M and moment of inertia I undergoes simple harmonic motion in parallel plane
of uniform magnetic field B. Time period of this oscillation is given by
I I I MB 1 MB
(1) 2π (2) (3) 2π (4)
MB 2π MB I 2π I
Sol. Answer (1)
MB
τ = MBsinθ ⇒ I= θ
I
MB 2π
ω= T =
I ω
22. A bar magnet of dipole moment M is cut in four equal parts in longitudinal manner. Dipole moment of each
part is
M M
(1) M (2) (3) (4) 4M
2 4
Sol. Answer (3)
m M
M = ml, M′ =    M′ =
4 4
23. At a certain place, the horizontal component B0 and vertical component V0 of earth’s magnetic field are equal
in magnitude. The total intensity at that place will be
(1) B0 (2) B02 (3) 2B0 (4) 2B0

Sol. Answer (4)
B = BH2 + BV2  B = 2B0
24. A magnetic needle lying parallel to a magnetic field requires X units of work to turn it through 60º. The torque
necessary to maintain the needle in this position is
3
(1) 2X (2) X (3) X (4) 3X
2
Sol. Answer (4)

τ = μ × B  τ = μB sin θ
25. At a place, the horizontal and vertical components of the earth’s field are 4.5 × 10–5 and 6 × 10–5T. The total
field of the earth of the place is ... ×10–5 T.
(1) 9 (2) 10.5 (3) 1.5 (4) 7.5
Sol. Answer (4)
Btotal = BH2 + BV2  BT = 7.5 T
26. At a place, if earth’s horizontal and vertical component of magnetic field are equal, then angle of dip at that
place is
(1) 0° (2) 60° (3) 45° (4) 90°
Sol. Answer (3)
B 
tan θ =  0  = 1  θ = 45°
 B0 
1
27. At a certain place, the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is times of its vertical component.
3
The angle of dip at that place is
(1) 30º (2) 45º (3) 75º (4) 60º
Sol. Answer (4)
BV
tan θ =
BH
 BV 
 tan θ =   = 3  θ = 60
 BV / 3 
28. Two magnets of equal magnetic moments M each are placed as shown in figure below. The resultant magnetic
moment is M. Then value of θ is
S
N θ
S N
(1) θ = 60º (2) θ = 90º (3) θ = 45º (4) θ = 30º
Sol. Answer (1)
MR = M12 + M22 + 2M1M2 cos α
1
Given, MR = M  cos α = −  α = 120°  θ = 60°
2
29. χ1 and χ2 are susceptibility of a diamagnetic substance at temperature T1K and T2K respectively. Then
(1) χ1T2 = χ2T1 (2) χ1 T1 = χ2 T2 (3) χ1 = χ2 (4) χ1T1 = χ2T2
Sol. Answer (3)

x1 = x2 ... since diamagnetic substance
30. For a paramagnetic substance
(1) μr > 1, χ < 0 (2) μr > 1, χ > 0 (3) μr < 1, χ < 0 (4) μr < 1, χ > 0
Sol. Answer (2)
For paramagnetic substance, μr > 1, x > 0
31. Area of B–H hysteresis loop indicate
(1) The retentivity of material (2) The energy dissipated per cycle
(3) The permeability of the medium (4) The susceptibility of the substance
Sol. Answer (2)
Area of B–H hysteresis loop indicate the energy dissipated per cycle.
32. Which of the following is incorrect?
1
(1) χ ∝ (2) χ = μr – 1
T
(3) χ ∝ I (Intensity of magnetisation) (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Refer theory, properties of magnet.

33. The magnetic moment of a diamagnetic substance in the absence of external magnetic field is
(1) Zero (2) 1 (3) Less than 1 (4) Greater than 1
Sol. Answer (1)
Magnetic moment of a diamagnetic substance is zero in the absence of external magnetic field.
34. The susceptibility of a perfectly diamagnetic substance is
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) –1 (4) Less than 1
Sol. Answer (3)
Refer theory of diamagnetic substance.
35. The graph between χ and T for paramagnetic material will be represented by
χ χ χ χ
(1) (2) (3) (4)
T T T T
Sol. Answer (2)
For paramagnetic material, χT = constant.
36. The variation of magnetic susceptibility (χ) with temperature for diamagnetic substance is represented by
χ χ χ χ
o T
(1) (2) (3) (4)
o T o T o T
Sol. Answer (4)
For diamagnetic substance, χ is independant of temperature.

37. Domains for motion is not necessary feature of
(1) Paramagnetism (2) Diamagnetism (3) Ferromagnetism (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (4)
Refer theory of para and diamagnet.
38. A super conductor exhibits perfect

(1) Paramagnetic (2) Ferromagnetic (3) Diamagnetic (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (3)
Super conductor exhibits perfect diamagnetic.

39. Area under this given curve gives
B
B A
C
O f H
D E
(1) Energy loss (2) Energy loss per unit area

(3) Energy loss per unit volume (4) Power loss per unit area
Sol. Answer (3)
Area under B-H hysteresis loop indicate energy loss per unit volume.


5 Magnetism

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5 Magnetism

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Level-I

Magnetism and Matter

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

2. What is Curie temperature?

paramagnetic material > 1

Sol. μ r = (1 + χm ) where μr = relative permeability

6. What is angle of dip at equator?

7. What is SI unit of magnetic permeability and magnetic susceptibility?

Intensity of magnetization is low, negative. Intensity of magnetization is positive and high.

(b) Angle of dip on meridian one is

cot 2 δ = cot 2 δ1 + cot 2 δ 2 Prooved.

1.6 × 10−3 1.6 × 10−3

I = 7.5 × 106 Am–1

Sol. Magnetic dipole moment

Sol. Work done to turn magnet by 90º is

Work done to turn magnet by 60º

1. It is a scalar quantitiy with no dimension, no unit.

Magnetism and Matter

(1) 5 2 / min (2) 20 2 / min (3) 2 2 / min (4) Zero

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (1)

Similarly for p2, α = 60º

–1 8  8 8  8

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Sol. Answer (4)

The magnetic needle will stay in vertical position if

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (2)

(1) B0 (2) B02 (3) 2B0 (4) 2B0

B = BH2 + BV2  B = 2B0

Sol. Answer (4)

Btotal = BH2 + BV2  BT = 7.5 T

MR = M12 + M22 + 2M1M2 cos α

(1) χ1T2 = χ2T1 (2) χ1 T1 = χ2 T2 (3) χ1 = χ2 (4) χ1T1 = χ2T2

Sol. Answer (3)

For paramagnetic substance, μr > 1, x > 0

Refer theory, properties of magnet.

Refer theory of diamagnetic substance.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

For paramagnetic material, χT = constant.

For diamagnetic substance, χ is independant of temperature.

Refer theory of para and diamagnet.

38. A super conductor exhibits perfect

Super conductor exhibits perfect diamagnetic.

(1) Energy loss (2) Energy loss per unit area

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