H2 (9740) 2010 Paper 2 Solution Affinity Education Place

Section A
1. Quadratic Equation and solving equation with complex roots, 2 + 5 = 7 marks
(i) x 2 − 6 x + 34 = 0
⇒ x = 3 + 5i or x = 3 − 5i
(ii) Given x = −2 + i is a root of x 4 + 4 x 3 + x 2 + ax + b = 0
Since a and b are real, x = −2 − i is also a root.
Substitute the roots into the equation,
−12 + 16i + a ( −2 + i ) + b = 0 ---------- (1)
−12 − 16i + a ( −2 − i ) + b = 0 ---------- (2)
Equation (1) – (2), 32i + 2ai = 0
a = −16
b = −20
Solve x 4 + 4 x3 + x 2 − 16 x − 20 = 0 , the other roots are 2 or −2.

2. Mathematical Induction, Series and Method of Difference, 5 + 4 + 2 = 11 marks

n
1
(i) To prove ∑ r ( r + 2 ) = n ( n + 1)( 2n + 7 ) .
r =1 6
n
1
Let P ( n ) be the statement that ∑ r ( r + 2 ) = n ( n + 1)( 2n + 7 ) .
r =1 6
When n = 1
1
LHS = 1(1+2) = 3 and RHS = (1 + 1)( 2 + 7 ) = 3.
6
Therefore P (1) is true.
k
1
Assume P ( k ) is true for some k ≥ 0 and k ∈ ℤ + . i.e. ∑ r ( r + 2) = 6 k ( k + 1)( 2k + 7 ) .
r =1
k +1
1
Now to prove P ( k + 1) is true, i.e. ∑ r ( r + 2 ) = 6 ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( 2k + 9 ) ,
r =1

LHS of P ( k + 1)
k +1
= ∑ r ( r + 2)
r =1

 k 
=  ∑ r ( r + 2 )  + ( k + 1)( k + 3 )
 r =1 
1
= k ( k + 1)( 2k + 7 ) + ( k + 1)( k + 3)
6
1
= ( k + 1) ( k ( 2k + 7 ) + 6 ( k + 3 ) )
6
= ( k + 1) ( 2k 2 + 13k + 18 )
1
6
1
= ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( 2k + 9 ) = RHS of P ( k + 1) .
6
Since P(1) is true and when P ( k ) is true implies P ( k + 1) is true, by MI, P ( n ) is true whenever
n ≥ 1 and n ∈ℤ .

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n
1 3 1 1
(ii) (a) ∑ r ( r + 2 ) = 4 − 2 ( n + 1) − 2 ( n + 2 )
r =1
n
1
∑ r ( r + 2)
r =1

1 n 1 1 
= ∑ − 
2 r =1  r r + 2 
1 1 1 
 − +
2 1 3 
11 1
 − +
22 4
11 1
 − +
23 5
3 1 1
=⋯ = − − .
4 2 ( n + 1) 2 ( n + 2 )
1 1 1
 − 
2n−2 n
1 1 1 
 − +
2  n −1 n + 1 
11 1 
 − 
2n n+2

∞
1 3 1 1 
(b) ∑ r ( r + 2 ) = lim  4 − 2 ( n + 1) − 2 ( n + 2 ) 
r =1 n →∞  

3 1 1  3  1 1 
Since lim  4 − 2 ( n + 1) − 2 ( n + 2 )  = − lim  +  and
4 n →∞  2 ( n + 1) 2 ( n + 2 ) 
n →∞  
 1 1  ∞
1
lim  2 ( n + 1) + 2 ( n + 2 )  = 0 , ∑ r ( r + 2 ) is a convergent series.
n →∞   r =1
∞
1 3
From above expressions, ∑ = .
r =1 r ( r + 2 ) 4

3. Differentiation 5+ 2 + 2 + 2 = 11 marks
(i) y = x x+2
dy x 4 + 3x
= x+2 + = .
dx 2 x+2 2 x+2
dy
At turning point, = 0,
dx
4
⇒ x=− .
3

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(ii) Given y 2 = x 2 ( x + 2 )
dy 4 + 3x
(a) y = ± x x + 2 , = ±
dx 2 x+2
dy
When x = 0, =± 2 .
dx

(b)
y

Graph of y2 = x 2 ( x + 2 )

( −34 ,1.09 )

x
( −2,0) O
( −34 , −1.09 )

(iii) y

Graph of y = f ‘(x)

(0, 2 )

−4
( 3
,0)
x
O

x = −2

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4. Function, 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 11 marks
1
(i) f :x→ 2 , x ≠ ±1, x is real numbers.
x −1
y

Graph of y = f (x)

x
O
(0, −1)

x = −1 x = −1
(ii) For x ≥ 0, any line y = a, a ∈ ℝ , intersects the curve y = f(x) at most one point.
Hence when x ≥ 0 the function f −1 exits.

1
g:x→ , x ≠ 2 , 3, 4
x−3

 1 
(iii) fg ( x ) = f  
 x −3
1
= 2
 1 
  −1
 x −3
( x − 3)
2

=
1 − ( x − 3)
2

( x − 3)
2

=
( 4 − x )( x − 2 )
( x − 3) > 0
2
− + + −
(iv)
( 4 − x )( x − 2 ) 2 3 4

Using number line method, or using graphical method, 2 < x < 3 or 3 < x < 4 .
(v) From the graph of f(x), range of fg: ( −∞ , −1) ∪ [ 0 , ∞ ) .

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Section B
5. Sampling Method, 1 + 2 = 3 marks
(i) It is difficult to establish a sampling frame, because the number of spectators or the mix
(such as genders or nationalities) of spectators is not certain.
(ii) Suppose the total number of spectators is 80 000. Establish the sampling frame by names,
or from entrance tickets numbers.
Divide the spectators into 800 groups of 100 . For the first 100 spectators, randomly select
one, such as the 50th spectators, then 150th, 250th, …, 799th spectators.

6. Hypotheses Testing, 7 marks

∑ t = 454.3 , ∑ t 2 = 18778.43 .
454.4
Unbiased estimate of population mean = = 41.3 min. ( 3 s.f)
11
1  454.32  2
Unbiased estimate of population variance =  18778 . 43 −  = 1.584 min .
10  11 
Assume the population follows Normal distribution
Ho: µ = 42; H1: µ ≠ 42,
2-tail test at 10% level of significance.
Assume Ho is true,
t −µ
T= ~ t(n−1) where µ = 42, s = 1.584, t = 41.3, n = 11 .
s
n
From GC, p-value = 0.0949 < 0.1, hence reject Ho.
Therefore, there is sufficient evidence at 10% significance level that there is change in the mean
time required by an employee to complete the task.

7. Probability, 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 9 marks
P(A) = 0.7, P(B) = 0.6, P(A | B’) = 0.8
(i) P(A ∩ B’) = P(A | B’) P(B’) = 0.8× 0.4 = 0.32
(ii) P(A ∪ B) = P(A ∩ B’) + P(B) = 0.32 + 0.6 = 0.92
P ( B' ∩ A ) 0.32
(iii) P(B’ | A) = = = 0.457 (3 s.f.)
P ( A) 0.7
P(C) = 0.5 and event A and C are independent.
(iv) P(A’ ∩ C) = P(C) – P(A ∩ C) = P(C) – P(A)P(C) = 0.5 × 0.3 = 0.15.
(v) P(A’ ∩ B ∩ C) ≤ P(A’ ∩ C)
⇒ P(A’ ∩ B ∩ C) ≤ 0.15

Note that
P(A ∪ B ∪ C) ≤ 1
⇒ P(A ∪ B) + P(A’ ∩ C) − P(A’ ∩ B ∩ C) ≤ 1
⇒ 0.92 + 0.15 − P(A’ ∩ B ∩ C) ≤ 1
⇒ 0.07 ≤ P(A’ ∩ B ∩ C)

Hence 0.07 ≤ P(A’ ∩ B ∩ C) ≤ 0.15.

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8. Probability and Counting, 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 marks.

3× 4! 3
(i) P(the number of greater than 30 000) = = .
5! 5
3 !× 2 1 3
(ii) P(the last two digits are both events) = = =
5! 10 5
(iii) If the last digit is 1, number of ways = 3 × 3!
If the last digit is 3 or 5, number of ways = 2 × 3! × 2
3 × 3!+ 4 × 3! 7
P(the number of greater than 30 000 and odd) = =
5! 20

9. Normal Distribution, 4 + 3 + 3 = 10 marks

X ~ N(180, 302) and Y ~ N(400, 602)
(i) E(Y – 2X) = 40, Var(Y – 2X) = 7200
Since X and Y are independent normal r.v.,Y – 2X ~ N(40, 7200)
P(Y – 2X > 0) = 0.681 (3 s.f.)

Let A be the r.v. “ cost of peak-rate telephone in 3-month period” and B be the r.v. “ cost of
cheap-rate telephone in 3-month period”
E(A) = E(0.12X) = 21.6 and Var(A) = 0.122Var(X) = 3.62.
E(B) = E(0.05Y) = 20 and Var(B) = 0.052Var(Y) = 32.
E(A + B) = 41.6 and Var(A + B) = 3.62 + 32.

(ii) P(A + B > 45) = 0.234 (3 s.f.)

(iii) E(A1 + A2) = 43.2 and Var(A1 + A2) = 25.92.

P(A1 + A2 > 45) = 0.362 (3 s.f.)

10. F
(i)

v
O
(ii) Product moment correlation coefficient between
(a) v and F is 0.9860 (3 s.f.)
(b) v2 and F is 0.9907 (4 d.p.).
(iii) Since product moment correlation coefficient between v2 and F is higher at 0.991,
F = c +dv2 is better model.
(iv) Using v2 and F model, F = 3.1957 +0.0242v2.
When F = 26.0, v = 30.6973.
However, v is the independent variable hence it is not appropriate is use v on F and v2 on F
regression line.

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11. Poisson and Binomial distribution, Normal approximation 2 + 3 + 4 + 2 + 4 = 15 marks.

(i) Let A ~ Po(12)
P(exactly 8 calls in 4 minutes) = P(A = 8) = 0.066 (3 s.f.).
(ii) Let X be the r.v.” number of calls in k seconds”.
k
X ~ Po( )
20
k k
− −
20 20
P(X = 0) = e . Given e = 0.2, k = 32.1887 seconds = 32 seconds (nearest integer)

(iii) Let Y be the r.v. ” number of calls in 12 hours”.

Y ~ Po(2160)
Since E(Y) is large, Y ~ N(2160, 2160) approximately.
P(Y > 2200) = 0.195 (3 s.f.)

Let W be the r.v. “ number of days out of 6 days where there are more than 2200 calls in 12
hours”.
(iv) W ~ B(6, 0.1947), P(W = 2) = 0.239 (3 s.f.)

(v) Let V bet the r.v. “ number of days that are busy out of 30 days”.
V ~ B(30, 0.1947)
np = 5.841, n(1 – p) = 24.159 where n = 30, p = 0.1947.
V ~ N(5.841, 24.4.704) approximately
P(V < 10) = P(V < 9.5) (by c.c.)
= 0.954 (3 s.f.)

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