LedaFlow Getting Started

LedaFlow® Engineering 1D
V2.4
Getting started
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© 2018 KONGSBERG - All rights reserved.
LedaFlow® Engineering 1D ‘Getting started’ Public
Revisions
Date Release Written by Checked by Approved by
June 2011 1.0 LLG MS LES
January 2012 1.1 LLG KPL LES
November 2012 1.2 LLG PK KPL
March 2013 1.3 LLG PK KPL
September 2013 1.4 ØS ØS KPL
March 2014 1.5 HJL CR WD
September 2014 1.6 HJL WD WD
March 2015 1.7 ØS WD WD
October 2015 1.8 KC WD WD
March 2016 2.0 HJL PK WD
September 2016 2.1 HJL WD WD
March 2017 2.2 LLG HJL WD
September 2017 2.3 LLG WD WD
April 2018 2.4 LLG WD WD
© 2018 KONGSBERG - All rights reserved. 06APR2018 KDI-TMPL-00393 / 1.2 / Page 2 of 42
Note: Printed copies of this document are for information only. Always check for the latest valid electronic version
Table of contents
1 INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS LEDAFLOW? ........................................................5

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................5
1.2 Modelling capabilities ..........................................................................................5
1.3 Applications ........................................................................................................5
2 GUI OVERVIEW .................................................................................................6

2.1 LedaFlow GUI windows ......................................................................................6
2.2 LedaFlow main toolbars ......................................................................................7
3 HOW TO USE LEDAFLOW? .............................................................................8

3.1 Create a database ..............................................................................................8
3.2 Create a case ................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Set-up a case ................................................................................................... 11
3.3.1 Build and customize the network ..................................................................... 11
3.3.2 Set PVT option ................................................................................................ 13
3.3.3 Choose the heat transfer option ...................................................................... 15
3.3.4 Define the pipe wall properties ........................................................................ 17
3.3.5 Set the pipe profile and geometry.................................................................... 19
3.3.6 Set the pipe meshing ...................................................................................... 21
3.3.7 Add a device ................................................................................................... 23
3.3.8 Set the boundary conditions ............................................................................ 24
3.3.9 Units ............................................................................................................... 26
3.4 Run a simulation ............................................................................................... 27
3.4.1 Set the outputs ................................................................................................ 27
3.4.2 Numerical settings .......................................................................................... 29
3.4.3 Validator.......................................................................................................... 30
3.4.4 Initialize/run ..................................................................................................... 30
3.4.5 Stop a simulation ............................................................................................ 30
3.4.6 Results purging ............................................................................................... 31
3.4.7 Restart file....................................................................................................... 31
3.5 Analyze the results ........................................................................................... 32
3.5.1 Plot the results ................................................................................................ 32
3.5.2 Visualize the results in 3D ............................................................................... 35
3.5.3 Export the results ............................................................................................ 36
3.6 Case management ........................................................................................... 37
3.6.1 Duplicate a case in the database .................................................................... 37
3.6.2 Delete a case from the database .................................................................... 37
3.7 Case files .......................................................................................................... 38

3.7.1 Manual creation of case files ........................................................................... 38
3.7.2 Automatic creation of files ............................................................................... 39
3.7.3 Import LedaFlow case files ............................................................................. 40
3.7.4 Export and import of folders ............................................................................ 40
3.8 Script functionality............................................................................................. 41
4 FAQ/SUPPORT ................................................................................................ 42
1 Introduction: what is LedaFlow?

1.1 Background
LedaFlow Engineering 1D resolves the multiphase hydrodynamics of oil, gas and water in a
pipeline in one dimension, along the pipeline. The behaviour of the fluids in the other (radial)
directions is approximated using closures derived from laboratory experiments and
understanding of the physics of the flow in a circular pipe.
1.2 Modelling capabilities

The steady-state pre-processor (SSPP) can be used to do steady-state calculations or to
initialize a dynamic simulation. It is based on the LedaFlow point model, which computes the
steady-state liquid hold-up and pressure gradient at each location along the pipe. A steady-
state energy model is used to compute the mixture temperature.
The dynamic model is a fully transient code for single, 2- and 3-phase flow. The LedaFlow
field approach includes detailed modelling of water and oil dispersions and gas bubbles in
liquid phase. Each field has its own mass equation, while the momentum and energy equations
are solved for each continuous zone (continuous field and the distributed fields of the other
phases within it).
3 continuous phases
+
6 dispersed phases
=
9 fields
1.3 Applications
LedaFlow can be used to model complex networks and to support every phase of production:
from conceptual studies through engineering design to real-time production management
systems, via engineering verification, control system check-out and operator training.
LedaFlow simulates transient phenomena occurring in typical operations:
 start-up  terrain slugging
 shut-down  dead-oil circulation
 ramp up/ turndown  inhibitor and compositional tracking
 depressurization  pigging
 line packing  etc.
LedaFlow can be coupled with Kongsberg process simulator, K-Spice®, to provide a complete
integrated simulator solution.
2 GUI overview
The LedaFlow GUI is designed for two main purposes: building cases and analysing
results. It is composed of three windows where cases are displayed and two main toolbars
giving access to the main modules and functionalities of LedaFlow.
2.1 LedaFlow GUI windows

The LedaFlow client contains three different windows:
 the case browser displays the cases in the selected database;
 the central window shows the views for the active plugins selected from the vertical
toolbar on the left (Network, Pipe, Edit, Parametric and Profile tools);
 the status window shows the progress of simulations, as well as useful information
related to the model (validator) and case history (output).
Case browser
Central window
Status window
The visibility of the different windows can be controlled by selecting them in “View” (top menu).
2.2 LedaFlow main toolbars

On the left and the top of the central window are the main toolbars that give access to the main
modules of LedaFlow. The left toolbar controls the plugins that will show in the central window:
Network: access to visualization, construction and edition of the global

network (pipes and components).
Pipe: access to geometry, meshing, and wall definitions.
Edit: access to script functionalities.
Parametric: access to the parametric study functionalities.
Profile tools: profile generation, filtering and simplification tool.
The buttons on the horizontal toolbar accesses LedaFlow’s main operations. By clicking on
one of these icons, a dialog box related to the selected functionality will appear:
Case settings: allows the user to set up the fluid properties, model options,
numerical settings and output settings.
Device/boundary settings: opens an overview of all boundary nodes and
devices in the network.
Device/boundary time chart: opens charts displaying all time-dependent input
parameters together.
Purge results: allows the user to erase part of the results of the selected case in
the database or to erase the whole calculation.
Create restart file: allows creating a restart file from a defined time sample.
Start calculation: allows the user to run the validator and initialize and/or run the
transient code if the case is valid.
Stop calculation: stop simulations that are running.
Post-processing: gives access to the slug size and slug statistics modules and
the user-defined post-processing scripts.
Output files generator: allows the user to save all results in output files.
3 How to use LedaFlow?

3.1 Create a database
LedaFlow uses MariaDB version 10.0 as a database service. The user has the possibility
to create several databases inside the database service to organize data (for example, it
is recommended to create a database for each new project). A database management tool
allows the user to manage all the databases and their contents.
The connection and database management window is available from “Tools” in the top menu
or by double-clicking in the database information in the status bar:
or
The following window displays information related to the database server:
By clicking on the icon “Databases” the user gets the list of the databases created in the
database server. After the first installation, LedaFlow is connected to the default database
“globalnph”.
Create a new database by clicking on “Add new” and give it the name “gettingstarted”:
LedaFlow is automatically connected to the new “gettingstarted” database as indicated by the

green checkmark .
Click on the icon “DB Contents” to check that the database is empty (as no case has been
created yet) then close the window.
In the case browser window, right click on the root folder to create a new folder (for example
named “Getting started”). The folder structure is also a way of organizing your work.
3.2 Create a case
Creating a case in LedaFlow means creating a default 2-phase or 3-phase case that the
user will then modify.
In the case browser, right-click on the folder where the new case should be located and select
“New Case”:
In the following window, select a default case among the two possibilities (3-phases or 2-
phases), give it a name (for example “FirstCase”) and press “OK”.
The default case consists of a single pipe (“Pipe 1”) with a flow node at the inlet (“Node 1”) and
a pressure node at the outlet (“Node 2”). It represents a 300 m long horizontal pipe. The default
case is already set with default values so that it is possible to initialize and run it right after it
has been created. In the next section, it is explained how to modify the architecture of the case,
i.e. add other pipes and/or devices and set up the geometry, meshing and boundary conditions.
LedaFlow also gives the possibility to create a case from sample models which can be selected
through the same window as the one previously mentioned. These templates can then be
modified as for the default case.
3.3 Set-up a case

3.3.1 Build and customize the network
The Network module is used to build and visualize networks. Complex networks,
converging and/or diverging, can be modelled in LedaFlow.
Select the “Network” tool, showing a graphical representation of the current selected case in
the case browser:
Network
Nodes are represented as circles and pipelines as arrows; the direction of the arrow shows the
spatial direction of the pipe.
Graphical items of nodes can be moved inside the central window by click and drag. To zoom
in or out in the graphical view, use the scroll wheel.
To rename nodes or pipes, right-click on the corresponding graphical item and select
“Rename”.
To create a network, right-click on one of the nodes and select add a pipe. Three options are
available:
 Add a pipe starting at the node selected;
 Add a pipe ending at the node selected;
 Add a pipe starting at the node selected and ending at an existing node.
Rename all nodes and pipes to get the following network.
The pipes can be automatically organized by right clicking in the network view and selecting
“Automatic node positioning”.
3.3.2 Set PVT option
LedaFlow can run using PVT tables (generated for example by PVTsim), compositional
tracking through its internal PVT server GUTS or using Multiflash, black-oil, steam and
constant properties.
The user interface also includes tools that allow the user to make flash calculations, access
3D visualization of the PVT table properties, generate PVT tables from compositions and
generate hydrate curves.
The fluid properties are defined in the Case settings window. Click on the first icon of the
horizontal toolbar:
The window shows the PVT library at the top, a section dedicated to PVT selection below and
three buttons at the bottom. These buttons give access to the standard volume settings
window, the hydrate curve library and the wax curve library.
3.3.2.1 Add PVT objects to the PVT library

PVT objects can be imported into the PVT library by clicking on the green icon representing a
plus sign. A window pops up to select a type of PVT object (PVT table, Guts, constant
properties, Multiflash, Black oil, Steam or KTable) and to name it.
If PVT table is chosen, click on the icon representing a folder to get the required file and
load it into the library. Click OK to close the “Add new pvt object” window. The new PVT object
is listed in the PVT library.
PVT objects can be analyzed and their settings changed in “PVT settings and tools”. Click on
to open the “PVT settings and tools” window.
3.3.2.2 Assign PVT objects to pipes

To assign a PVT object to a pipe double-click on a pipe name under “PVT selection” and select
the PVT object.
If a PVT table or Black Oil PVT is chosen, the mass transfer model will be automatically set to
“PVT mass transfer”.
If a GUTS, Multiflash or KTables object had been loaded in the PVT Library and then assigned
to the pipe, the compositional tracking would have been automatically activated. Refer to the
user manual for the use of compositional tracking and for more information regarding the set
up of GUTS.
3.3.2.3 Define standard conditions

In the Standard volume settings window, the user has the possibility to define the standard
conditions that standard flow rates or volume fractions will refer to.
3.3.3 Choose the heat transfer option
LedaFlow includes several options for heat transfer modelling: U-value, static and dynamic
walls. According to the option selected, the user will have to set up the wall properties or
not.
A module for buried pipe is also available which enables heat transfer for fully or partially
buried pipes.
Click on “Options” in the Case settings window. This new tab shows options related to the
thermal calculations and to features used to model flow assurance issues.
When the temperature calculation is enabled, three possibilities are given for the wall heat
transfer calculations: U-value, static and dynamic walls.
The UVALUE option requires only an external heat transfer coefficient from the pipe to the
surrounding as input. The U-Value for each pipe segment can be set in the “Pipe editor”.
The WALLS (STATIC) option requires the heat transfer coefficient from the pipe to the
surrounding, as well as thickness and conductivities of the wall layers as inputs.
The WALLS (DYNAMIC) option requires the heat transfer coefficient from the pipe to the
surrounding, as well as thicknesses, heat capacities, densities and conductivities of the wall
layers as inputs. Results for the wall temperatures can be plotted.
Using WALLS (DYNAMIC), the user has the possibility to activate Fastwall (HEAT
CAPACITY), which reduces the heat capacity of the wall layers by a factor of 1000. This option
is useful when the walls take a long time to reach a steady state solution (typically for formation
around wells). The option PIPE-IN-PIPE (CONDUCTIVITY) can be used to achieve the same
for pipe-in-pipe systems, by both reducing the heat capacity and increasing the conductivity of
the wall layers by a factor of 1000. For normal transient simulations, the fastwall option should
be set to NO.
Walls can be defined in the “Walls library” window and selected for the appropriate pipe in the
“Pipe editor” (refer to 3.3.4 and 3.3.5).
Refer to the user manual to get information on how to enable and configure the buried pipe
module.
3.3.4 Define the pipe wall properties
LedaFlow allows the user to define a library of wall materials that can be used to construct
annular layers of walls for calculation of heat transfer between the contents of the pipe and
the outside environment.
Open the pipe view by clicking on the “Pipe” icon on the left hand side menu.
A graphical representation of the pipe profile (red line) appears in the central window, as well
as the toolbar corresponding to the pipe tool at the top of the main window, next to the plotting
toolbar. Use the combo box to switch to other pipes.
Click on the “Walls library” icon. A window pops up showing the material library.
It is possible to add new materials to this library by clicking on the green icon representing a
plus sign . A new line appears in the table where the name and properties of the new
material can be defined.
Click on the “Walls” tab to display the wall library. Add a new wall by clicking on at the top
of the window. Give the new wall the name “FlowlineWall”. Make sure you respect the writing
of this name (capital letters when needed and no space): LedaFlow will give an error message
if it does not correspond to the name specified in the geometry.
Click on to add new wall layers and specify the material they are composed of and their
thickness.
3.3.5 Set the pipe profile and geometry
The profile is the set of coordinates that describes the trajectory of the pipeline. The
geometry of the pipe includes its internal diameter(s), roughness and wall(s) along the
profile.
Click on the “Pipe editor” icon. The pipe editor opens and shows the properties of the selected
pipe:
Two types of coordinates can be used: (X, Y, Z) and (TVD, MD). Choose the most appropriate
depending on your input data using the combo box at the top of the pipe editor window.
There are 3 options to set up the profile:
 Type in the profile coordinates manually using to add rows (resp. to delete rows)
 Import the profile from a .csv file using (resp. to export a table in a .csv file)
 Copy values or the whole geometry from an Excel table and paste.
Once the profile coordinates are entered, click on the Ambient tab to set the temperature (Tout)
profile and the ambient heat transfer coefficient.
Click on the Geometry tab and enter the pipe inner diameter and roughness. Double-click on
the first cell under Walls and select the wall defined in the wall library.
Click on “OK” to save and close the window.

NB: it is not necessary to fill all the cells when the same value is used for the whole column,
any blank is considered to be the same value as the last one given in the column.
The new profile appears in the viewer as in the example below:
Repeat these operations for the other pipe(s).
3.3.6 Set the pipe meshing
The mesh is the discretization of the profile for numerical computation.

If changes are applied to the profile, LedaFlow automatically updates the default mesh. This
mesh has to be modified by the user who will choose between four methods
(Horizontal/vertical, Least squares, uniform or delta/D) to act on several parameters (cell
length, number of cells or expansion factor).
Click on “Mesh” above the graphical representation of the profile: the green points represent
the default mesh points.
Click on the “Mesh editor” icon.
There are four methods available for the mesh construction:
HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL Defined by a maximum horizontal and vertical cell length

Defined by a maximum cell length and the minimum number
LEAST SQUARES
of cells between two locked points
UNIFORM Defined by an approximate number of cells
DELTA/D Defined by the ratio between the cell length and the diameter
Changes to the mesh can be applied to the entire mesh or to a selection only.
To help the user refining the mesh, several options are available:
Resets the mesh and sets the mesh points equal to the profile points as
Mesh = Profile
given in the pipe editor.
Lock profile All profile points are locked to the mesh, but without resetting it.
This option locks extremum points where a shift from downward to
Lock extrema
upward inclination or opposite.
NB: first and last points are always locked.
The mesh point coordinates are shown in the table at the bottom of the window. The toolbar
above gives the possibility to modify the mesh (split and merge) and go quickly to specific cells.
Split current cell
Remove current cell
Go to cell
Find smallest cell
Lock profile and run the HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL method with a maximum of 20 m for vertical
cell length and 100 m for horizontal cell length.
Visualize the mesh in the viewer. Click “Apply” to apply the mesh.
It is possible to add or remove mesh points and to lock or unlock them manually by clicking on
the following buttons then on the profile line or a mesh point.
Add or remove a mesh point

or
Lock or unlock a mesh point
or
3.3.7 Add a device
Several devices are available in LedaFlow: sources (production fluid or inhibitor), leaks,
wells, heat source, pumps, valves, controllers and separators. They can be added to the
pipes through the Network module.
The procedure to add devices is the same for all of them, except for separators: right-click on
the pipe (for example wellbore) where the device will be located and select it from the devices
sub-menu.
To get access to the properties of a device, double-click on it or right-click on it and select

“Properties”. A window will open for the user to specify the settings and the position of the
device.
Place a valve at the wellhead and click “OK” to close the window.
Once a valve has been included to the system, a controller can be added: to do so, right-click
on the valve in the network view and select “Add controller”. A window pops-up to specify on
which pipe the controller will get its input from. Refer to the user manual for more details on
the settings of devices.
3.3.8 Set the boundary conditions
LedaFlow can handle mass-pressure and pressure-pressure boundaries.

The split can be either calculated automatically by flashing the fluid at the inlet or set
through the volume or mass fractions of each phase.
There are two possible combinations of boundary conditions:

 Mass Flow Rate at inlet – Pressure at outlet
 Pressure at inlet – Pressure at outlet
To change the boundary type, right-click on the node and chose “Change Type”.
A window will open, allowing the user to choose between MassIn1D and Pressure1D.
The settings of boundary conditions can be accessed through:
 The network viewer, by a double-click or a right-click on the node of interest
 The Device/Boundary settings window, by clicking “Edit properties” button.
Five options are available to specify the phase split at the boundary conditions:
Mass fractions are calculated from the PVT table. The total mass
Flash
flowrate (or pressure) and fluid temperature need to be specified.
The mass fractions of gas and oil are calculated from the PVT table
Flash
but the mass fraction of water is specified by the user, together with
hydrocarbons only
the total mass flow rate (or pressure) and fluid temperature.
The mass fractions of gas, oil and water have to be defined in

Mass fractions addition to the total mass flow rate (or pressure) and the fluid
temperature.
Pressure boundary only

The volume fractions of gas, oil and water should be specified. This
Volume fractions
option will be selected to account for back flow, e.g. if gas fraction
is equal to 1, only gas will flow back.
Mass boundary
The standard volume flowrate of gas or oil (optionally water too)
and the fluid temperature need to be specified to calculate the
mass flowrates of the phases based on flash calculations.
Standard volumes
Pressure boundary
The user may provide:
- Either the standard volume fractions (one or two of them).
- Or the GOR, GLR and WC (only 2 of them).
The boundary conditions can be time dependent and all values will be linearly interpolated in
between the time points specified.
Initial conditions can be specified at a pressure inlet to assist the Steady-State Pre-Processor
to find a solution (typically for cases with multiple pressure boundaries).
3.3.9 Units
The user can select a unit set for all the parameters among two different unit systems available
in LedaFlow:
 Oil Field system,
 US system.
Click on “Tools” and “User preferences” in the upper menu, then on “Units” in the “User
preferences” window:
It is also possible to manually change the unit for each numerical parameter in all settings
windows and to save the changes in a user-defined unit system.
3.4 Run a simulation

3.4.1 Set the outputs
3.4.1.1 Add trend loggers
A logger is a set of output variables defined for a specific target. Loggers are defined by
their name, their type (trend or profile), their target (pipe, device, boundary) and their
position (trend loggers only). They are used to save results at a chosen frequency. After
simulation, the logged results are available for plotting.
Profile and trend loggers are activated by default when a case is created and when pipes,
boundary nodes and devices are added to the network.
Pipes can only have one profile logger.
Trend loggers can be used to capture high frequency simulation results from devices or from
special points of interest along a pipe. Devices and boundary nodes can only have one trend
logger. Pipes can have several trend loggers and the existing ones will be displayed in the
“Trend logger” sub-menu.
To add a trend logger to a pipe, right-click on it and select “Trend logger” then “Add”.
Use the logger settings dialog to select a position along the pipe (for example at the riser base)
and which variables to log at that point.
The logger can be edited from the “Output” section of the Case settings or directly from the
network view (right-click on the target).
3.4.1.2 Set the sample times and modify the existing loggers
The output tab of the Case Settings dialog can be used to configure the sample times and
logger settings.
Sample times
“Global sample” is the interval between writing full result sets to the database, which are mainly
used to restart the simulation. “Trend logger” and ”Profile logger” are the intervals between
trend/profile logger results, which are only used for analyzing the simulation results.
Note: The actual time between results also depends on the internal dt of LedaFlow. To enforce
a minimum sample rate, also adjust Dt Max in the Numerical settings.
Loggers
To remove loggers, select the loggers, right-click and select “Remove”. To open the logger
configuration dialog, double-click the logger or right-click and select “Settings”.
3.4.2 Numerical settings
LedaFlow uses a dynamic time step which means that the size of the time step depends on
the grid size and the velocities through the CFL (Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition)
number.
The numerical settings can be specified in “Case settings”.
The time to advance the solution can be specified by the user in seconds, minutes, hours or
days. The simulation will continue from the last time step and the flow conditions that ended
the previous simulation.
The time step will depend on the following parameters that can be time dependent:
 The CFL number which ensures that the time step is sufficiently low in relation to the
grid cell length and the phase velocities.
 The maximum time step Dt Max.
The user can choose to run cases using higher order discretization, which will reduce
numerical diffusion. However, this may in some cases make it more difficult to reach a
convergent solution.
Most modules in LedaFlow support parallel computation. The number of CPUs used by the
currently selected case can be set in "Number of CPUs". Do not set a number of CPUs higher
than the currently free CPU cores on your computer as this may slow down the parallel
simulation. Note that it is also possible to change the default number of CPUs in the user
preferences, which will then we applied to all new cases.
3.4.3 Validator
A validator is implemented and is aimed at checking that the user has set up his case correctly.
It scans through a list of tests: cell length ratio, PVT table properties, inhibitor specifications,
etc.
If an error is found, the user will not be able to start the calculations. In case of a warning, it is
possible to initialize and run a case.
When running a case, the validator is automatically run before starting the calculation. If
messages are returned, the validator view in the status window will be automatically activated.
3.4.4 Initialize/run
Click on the Initialize/Run icon to open the “Initialize and run” window:
A case needs to be initialized before transient calculations are started. The case can be
initialized by the Steady-state pre-processor, from User-defined initial conditions or a restart
file (refer to 3.4.7). Check/uncheck the box “Run dynamic” depending on if you want or not to
run a transient simulation.
3.4.5 Stop a simulation
To stop a running simulation, click on
3.4.6 Results purging

The functionality “Purge results” provides the user with the possibility to delete part of or all
data stored in the database for a chosen case.
Click on the following icon to access the purging tool:
The user is given several options:

 Keep the first time sample, which usually corresponds to the initialization of the case;
 Keep the last time sample;
 Select a time and purge the results of the time period which is before or after.
The user has also the possibility to reset the time to zero when keeping only one time sample.
Note that when you “Initialize”, all existing results are automatically purged.
3.4.7 Restart file

The user can generate a restart file (.lrs) which contains all data required to perform a restart
at the specified time sample.
Select the restart time and give a name to the file. The restart file can be loaded and used for
a new simulation through the initialization tool:
3.5 Analyze the results
3.5.1 Plot the results

The toolbar corresponding to the plotting tool is displayed on the right of the main toolbar.
Create new plot: opens the window that allows the user to create 2D plots of the
simulation results.
Chart manager: opens a window that gives an overview of all plots.
Opens all: opens all charts of the case selected in the case browser.
Close all: closes all opened charts.
Refresh all: refreshes all opened plots.
3D visualization: opens a three dimensional visualization tool for the logged

variables.
Dynamic wall pipe plots: allows the creation of a 2D representation of the cross
section of the soil (if buried pipe is enabled) and the pipe wall.
Click on the icon with a green cross to create a new plot.
A window opens with a list of variables and plot templates that are available for the Profile plot
type. Note that from this window the user also has the possibility to create trend plots and to
create plots from a different case that the one currently selected in the case browser.
Select one or more of the templates or variables and click on “OK”. The new plot is created.
The following operations are available from the menu above the plot area:
Refresh plot
Enable/disable continuous refresh
Change position, i.e. the cell for which trend data should be plotted
Add plot
Show/hide animation panel
Show/hide legend
Show/hide value tracker
Rename chart title
Save screenshot to an image file
Copy screenshot to clipboard
Export data to .csv file
Export data to clipboard
Create plot template from current plot
Delete chart
Below the profile plots, a menu for animation of the plotting is available.
The curves can be customized by right-clicking on them, either in the plot area or in the legend:
Note that once a plot is created, even if closed afterwards, it is saved into a “plots database”
and can be reopened through the “Chart manager”:
3.5.2 Visualize the results in 3D

Results can be visualized trough a three dimensional visualization tool. Open the 3D
Visualization window by clicking on the 3D visualization button in the main toolbar:
The pipe, variable and phase to display can be selected in the toolbar at the top of the 3D
Visualization window.
The following operations are also available from the toolbar:
Enable multiphase flow visualization

Refresh plot
Enable/disable continuous refresh
Show/hide animation panel
Show/hide legend
Show/hide height and diameter scales
Save screenshot to an image file
Copy screenshot to clipboard
Reset camera angle
The settings of the visualization (height and diameter scales) can be changed with the controls
in the lower parts of the window. Use the scroll of the mouse to zoom in and out. Click on the
visualization area and drag to move to a different camera angle.
The default colours used to represent of the phases, the default legend scale setting and the
video capturing resolution can be se in Tools / User preferences.
3.5.3 Export the results

Logger results can be exported to csv files using the “Output files generator” tool.
Select the loggers you want to export and a desired file format and click “OK”.
The generation of output files after a simulation run can also be set from the “Initialize and
run” window:
In that case, the output files will be stored in the default format and in the default folder defined
in User preferences.
It is possible to set the automatic generation of output files from the User preferences window.
Refer to 3.7.2.
3.6 Case management

3.6.1 Duplicate a case in the database
An exact copy of a case can be made by using the duplicate functionality. Right-click on the
case of interest in the case browser and select “Duplicate”.
The user can choose to duplicate the case with all the results or with the first or last time point
only.
NB: the PVT properties are automatically duplicated with the case.
3.6.2 Delete a case from the database

A case can be deleted:
- from the Case browser (right-click on the case, select Delete)
- from the Connection and database management window (Remove selected)
3.7 Case files

3.7.1 Manual creation of case files
In LedaFlow, input files are saved with an extension *.qs and can be opened with the
script editor in the LedaFlow GUI or any text file viewer. A complete case dump,
including the results of simulation, can be generated with the extension *.qz.
Two types of LedaFlow files can be generated from the LedaFlow GUI:
 .qs file
 .qz file
The first type is the standard LedaFlow input file, which describes the settings of a case. If
PVT-tables are used, they must be stored together with the *.qs file. This format is easy to read
and will be used to store case definitions only. It allows the user to run cases in batch and
parametric studies.
The second type of file is the full LedaFlow dump file. It contains the case data, the PVT
properties and the results of a simulation.
Both file types can be directly created from cases built in the GUI. Right-click on the case of
interest and select:
 Save to input file (*.qs)
 Save to full dump file (*.qz)
It is also possible to ask for the generation of input and/or full dump files when launching a
simulation (default folder set in User preferences):
3.7.2 Automatic creation of files

The automatic generation of input and full dump files can be configured in the User preferences
window.
By default, the generated files are placed in "C:\Kongsberg\LedaFlowBackup", but a different

folder can be selected for each database.
Every time files are generated a link to the folder is added to the output viewer for convenience.
Note that the files are overwritten every time the corresponding case is run.
3.7.3 Import LedaFlow case files

To create a case from a file, right-click on a folder where the case should be located. Select:
 New case(s) from input file(s) (*.qs)
 New case from full dump files (*.qz)
NB: the PVT table(s) mentioned in an input file have to be located in the same folder as the
input file.
Note that it is also possible to drag-and-drop one or more .qs or .qz files in the case browser.
3.7.4 Export and import of folders

It is possible to export several cases to a single file by exporting the folder they belong to.
Right-click on the folder and select “Export folder”. This creates a .qz file.
To import a folder, right-click in the root folder in the Case browser and select “Import folder”:
all cases and sub-folder it contains will be imported.
3.8 Script functionality

Scripts can be written, edited and run directly in the GUI. Select “Edit” in the left hand-side
toolbar. The following operations are available:
New: Open a new sheet for the user to write a new script
Open: Import a script in the Editor
Save script: saves the script currently selected in the Editor
Save as: save the script in json (.js), LedaFlow input (.qs) or restart (.lrs) format
Find in text: opens a search field for words
Go to line: opens a search field for line numbers
Zoom in
Zoom out
Export to case browser: creates a case in the case browser from the currently
selected input file
Run script: runs the script currently selected in the Editor
Stop script: stops the script currently running and selected in the Editor
See the scripting manual for more information about scripting.
4 FAQ/Support
In case of questions or problems encountered, please contact our customer support at the e-
mail address:
ledaflow@kdisupport24.com
Please note:
1. Please mention the exact LedaFlow version that you are using (e.g. 2.4.255.0XX).
2. If your question is regarding a case that you are running in LedaFlow, it can be helpful
to send us the input file (.qs) and PVT tables (.tab) for this case.
3. If your question is concerning a license file request, we will need the MAC address of
the main network card of the PC that you will run the license server from. Please refer
to the installation manual for further details.

LedaFlow Getting Started

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LedaFlow Getting Started

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LedaFlow® Engineering 1D

KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY: This document contains KONGSBERG information which is proprietary

© 2018 KONGSBERG - All rights reserved. 06APR2018 KDI-TMPL-00393 / 1.2 / Page 2 of 42

1 INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS LEDAFLOW? ........................................................5

2 GUI OVERVIEW .................................................................................................6

3 HOW TO USE LEDAFLOW? .............................................................................8

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3.7 Case files .......................................................................................................... 38

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1 Introduction: what is LedaFlow?

1.2 Modelling capabilities

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2.1 LedaFlow GUI windows

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2.2 LedaFlow main toolbars

Network: access to visualization, construction and edition of the global

Pipe: access to geometry, meshing, and wall definitions.

Edit: access to script functionalities.

Parametric: access to the parametric study functionalities.

Profile tools: profile generation, filtering and simplification tool.

Stop calculation: stop simulations that are running.

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3 How to use LedaFlow?

The following window displays information related to the database server:

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LedaFlow is automatically connected to the new “gettingstarted” database as indicated by the

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3.2 Create a case

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3.3 Set-up a case

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Rename all nodes and pipes to get the following network.

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3.3.2 Set PVT option

3.3.2.1 Add PVT objects to the PVT library

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3.3.2.2 Assign PVT objects to pipes

3.3.2.3 Define standard conditions

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3.3.3 Choose the heat transfer option

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3.3.4 Define the pipe wall properties

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3.3.5 Set the pipe profile and geometry

There are 3 options to set up the profile:

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Click on “OK” to save and close the window.

The new profile appears in the viewer as in the example below:

Repeat these operations for the other pipe(s).

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3.3.6 Set the pipe meshing

The mesh is the discretization of the profile for numerical computation.

Click on the “Mesh editor” icon.

There are four methods available for the mesh construction:

HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL Defined by a maximum horizontal and vertical cell length

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Split current cell

Remove current cell

Find smallest cell

Add or remove a mesh point

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3.3.7 Add a device