LESSON 3 CHANGES

I. DETERMINERS (I)
A. COUNTABLE OR UNCOUNTABLE
Countable Nouns Uncountable nouns Countable & Uncountable Nouns
Few Little A lot of
A few A little Lots of
Very few Very little Plenty of
Many (-/?) Much (-/?) Some
A number of An amount of Hardly any
A large number of A large amount of
The number of A great deal of
B. SOME – ANY – NO
SOME Affirmative There are some books on the table.
(plural, There is some beer in the refrigerator.
uncount) In request or offer Would you like some coffee?
CAN YOU…, WOULD Can you lend me some money?
YOU LIKE….
ANY Interrogative Are there any books on the table?
(singular, Is there any milk in the refrigerator?
plural, Is there any doctor in the room?
uncount) Negative (NOT) There are not any books on the table.
There is not any milk in the refrigerator.
There is not any doctor in the room.
NO No + N = Not …any + There are not any books.  There are no books
(singular, N. There is not any doctor.  There is no doctor here.
plural, There is not any milk.  There is no milk.
uncount) I do not have any money here.  I have no money here.
 FINGER GAME 6 – TIMES
Definition: Finger game 6 is used to talk about changes, existence, history or
development of something.
Part A: Introductory … has a long history/ has had a lot of
sentence changes.
… has existed for a long time/ has had a
lot of development
Part B: Body Changes in:
 In the past how, where, when, why, what for, who,
 Nowadays what
 In the future
III. SAMPLE
Roles of Women
In the past, women were considered as a baby-maker. They just stayed at home and did
housework. They had to take care of their family-in-law and their children. They were
completely financially dependent on their husband. They did not make much money and had
no voice in any decision. In the countryside, where the family's income relied on their farms,
women not only had to take care of their family at home but also had to do the farming. They
even did not have rights to choose their own husband but had to accept a man that their
parents chose for them.
Now the role of women has improved both in society and at home. Men and women have
equality of opportunity to develop their abilities. A woman now is a sweetheart, a wife and a
mother as well.
There is a saying 'women hold up half the sky'. It means that women's role in society is as
important as men's. However, women are still treated unfairly in some aspects. Now we all
agree that women are equal to men. But men and women are quite different.
Of course, with the progress of society, people will have a better look at women. They will
have rights and be protected by laws. They can go to work and have high positions in society.
IV. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
TOPIC 1: CHANGES IN COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY: A. Vocabulary
Telegraph /'tel.ɪ.ɡræf/ Điện tín
Pager /'peɪ.dʒər/ Máy nhắn tin
Telephone /'te.lə.foʊn/ Điện thoại bàn
Morse code /,mɔːrs'koʊd/ Hệ thống mã Morse
Binary /'baɪ.nər.i/ Nhị phân
Cell phone /'sel.foun/ Điện thoại di động
Computer /kəm'pju.tər/ Máy tính
Tablet /'tæb.lət/ Máy tính bảng
Watch /wɑːtʃ/ Đồng hồ đeo tay
Internet /'ɪn·tər,net/ Internet
Browser /'braʊ.zɚ/ Phần mềm trình duyệt (Google Chrome, Firefox)
Telephone operator /'ɑː.pə.reɪ.t̬ɚ/ Tổng đài, tổng đài viên
Convention /kən'ven.ʃən/ Sự quy ước
Predecessor /'pred.ə.ses.ɚ/ Người tiền nhiệm
Precursor /,pri:'kɜː.sər/ Tiền thân
Semaphore /'sem.ə.fɔ:r/ Hệ thống của việc gửi tin nhắn bằng cách dùng 2 lá cờ trên tay và
ra hiệu các chữ cái
B. Picture discussion
Match correct words with the following pictures.

1. Pager ______
2. Telephone ______
3. Morse Code system ______
4. Telegraph machine ______
5. First cell phone ______
6. Laptop ______

Match the pictures with their definitions

______ a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a
conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly.
 ________ a machine that is used for transmitting messages in the form of electrical impulses,
which can be converted into data.
________ a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that
can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment.
________ is a phone that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving
around a wide geographic area.
________ a wireless telecommunications device that receives and displays numeric and/or
receives and announces voice messages.
________ a portable personal computer.

C. Questions for discussion

Tell me some devices of communications technology that you have ever used or seen?
What do you do with them?
Why could people invent the communications technology?
What is Morse code? What is a telegraph system?
What do you think about the benefits of a telegraph system?
What do you think about the communications technology about 50 years ago?
How will people contact each other in the future, about 30 years later?
 D. Suggested ideas
IN THE PAST
When What Function? Who/Where How
Before the Morse code, - Morse code: System of dots -Invented by Expensive to send
appearance telegraph and dashes to denote letters Samuel Morse a message, not
of and numbers - used in USA, in popular.
telephone, - Telegraph: use Morse system military, in train
1830s – to send messages by pushing a industry
1840s tool on the machine to make
the sound denoting the words.
1876 First - A device that could transmit By Alexander Big (4.5kg),
telephone sound through an electric wire. Graham Bell, who difficult to carry,
was born in Very important
Scotland step, an outbreak
- worked and lived for the next
in USA generations of
telephones.
1973 First cell phone, Allow people to connect - By Martin Cooper Heavy, 1kg,
Motorola Dyna Tac on moving - in USA
1969-1983 Internet, - Allow computers to By the Advanced Took quite a long
computers access and connect Research Projects time
people all over the world. Agency (Ministry of
Military, USA)
NOWADAYS
Nowadays - Internet co operations - Be able to connect the Most people - Speed: easy, fast,
- Many devices such as internet all over the - Devices: small,
computers, smart TV's, - Allow sending emails, text world beautiful, fashions,
smart watches… messages, voice messages, various
voice calls - Prices: cheap
IN THE FUTURE
In the Free internet - All people can use In North pole or South More fashion, more
future I connect each other easily. pole or even in the convenient, bigger
hope that - Be able to talk to people Outer space screen, everywhere in
in the outer space easily 3D
E. Additional reading
With the curiosity in science and the longing to communicate with other people over long
distances, humans have been making a lot of advances in communications technology.
Before the evolution of communications technology, ancient people had to move from this
place to another place to meet and talk. Or they could use some methods for transmitting
information such as drums, smoke, or doves. These were however really limited in
distance and could be interrupted because of the weather .These limitations also lessened
the effectiveness of the semaphore, a modern precursor to the electric telegraph.
A lot of attempts had been made to fulfill the need of long-distance communication. From
the 1830s to 1840s, Samuel Morse was eventually successful in inventing a telegraph
machine that could send messages. This machine used Morse code system. Morse code,
also developed by him, is a system of dots and dashes to denote the words in the English
alphabet. This machine could transmit sets of sounds conventionally understood by the
receptor on the condition that he knew the Morse code system. The price for sending a
telegraph message was not cheap at that time; of course, for it was not popular.
Another outbreak of communications technology is the
invention of the first telephone in 1876. Intrigued by
making a machine that could simulate human voice,
Alexander and his brother had worked on a lot of
experiments for many years. In October, 1876 Alexander
finally made the first telephone. Although some scientists
also researched and invented some machine that could
transmit sounds at the same time, Alexander Graham Bell
was considered as the inventor of telephone. At that time,
it was very big, 4.5 kg and difficult to carry. This was a
turning point for many next generations of telephones.
In the second half of the 20th century, a lot of technologies
were invented, which made a big step in communication.
Those important inventions include cell phones,
computers, laptops, the Internet and some software used
to connect people.
Nowadays, communications technology has been
developed very fast and strong. It is indispensable in
modern life. Producers try to make fashionable,
convenient devices integrated with many functions
such as camera, video, internet-surfing, accounting,
games… Most people have their own cell phone or
smart phone. People can make video calls easily with
software, send text or voice messages or email. They
can save and send a huge amount of data with just one
click. The prices are various, too. Anyway,
telecommunications save people a lot of time and
money on traveling.
I hope that in the future using telephones will be free
and the internet will cover everywhere in the world for
free. People not only can talk to others overseas but
also can communicate with people in the North Pole, in
Outer space or even with aliens.
 TOPIC 2: CHANGES IN LEARNING ENGLISH
In the past
Where In some schools in the city
Who Compulsory for students of high school, optional for students of
junior high school
What for/ why To get good marks
What ways Translation,
Learn by heart the vocabulary
What facilities Board, book, chalk,
If lucky, have a cassette player
What results Not effective
Few people can speak
Nowadays
Where Everywhere in the world, especially in the city, language center
Who Compulsory for students at school.
People who wish to get higher positions in their jobs.
What for/ why To get good marks, to be able to speak and communicate
What ways Many methods (audio and lingual method, communicative method, reflex
method…)
What facilities CD, videos, the internet, a lot of books and materials
What results A lot of people can speak, communicate with foreigners.
In the future
Where Everywhere in the world
Who Everyone
What for/ why To be able to speak and communicate fluently
What ways Many methods (audio and lingual method, communicative method, reflex
method…), English-speaking environment to help promote speaking English.
What facilities CD, videos, the internet, a lot of books and materials
What results Become the second language in VN, every one can communicate with
foreigners.