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External Examiner
Study Of Adulterants In
FOOD STUFF
Contents
1. Objective
2. Introduction
3. Precautions
4. Theory
5. Experiment 1
6. Experiment 2
7. Experiment 3
8. Experiment 4
9. Experiment 5
10. Observation
11. Conclusion
Objective
The Objective of this project is to study some of the common
food adulterants present in different food stuffs.
Introduction
Food is one of the basic necessities for sustenance of life. Pure,
fresh and healthy diet is most essential for the health of the
people. It is no wonder to say that community health is
national wealth.
The need for Central legislation for the whole country in this
matter has been felt since 1937 when a Committee appointed
by the Central Advisory Board of Health recommended this
step.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Test-tube, acetic anhydride, conc. H2SO4, acetic acid, conc.
HNO3.
PROCEDURE:
Common adulterants present in ghee and oil are paraffin wax,
hydrocarbons, dyes andargemone oil. These are detected as
follows:
(i) Adulteration of paraffin wax and hydrocarbon in
vegetable ghee Heat small amount of vegetable ghee
with acetic anhydride. Droplets of oil floating on the
surface of unused acetic anhydride indicates the
presence of wax or hydrocarbons.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Test-tubes, dil. HCl.
PROCEDURE:
APPARATUS:
Test-Tubes, dil. HCl.
PROCEDURE:
To 1g of the beson sample is taken in a test tube and 10 mL of 70% HCl
is added to it .The content is boiled for some time.
THEORY:
Beson powder is usually adulterated with khesari dal which contains
butyl oxalyl
Alanine amine(BOAA) which causes lethargy and ultimate paralysis
in lower limbs of human body on regular consumption.
The detection of BOAA in beson powder indicates adulteration of it
with khesari dal. Development of pinkish color indicates adulteration
of bason with khesari dal.
Table for different samples-
APPARATUS:
Test-Tubes, Iodine Solution.
THEROY:
Along with water, a very common adulterant of milk is starch. Milk
consist of three basic components which are as follows:
(i) Water (about 80%).
(ii) Fat (about 3.5%).
(iii) Solids containing protein, lactose.
(iv) Mineral matters (about 8.5%).
PROCEDURE:
At first 5mL of milk ample is taken in a test tube and is boiled for 3-4
minutes.
Then it is cooled and 1-2 drops of iodine solution is added to it and is
shake well.
Appearance of blue color indicates the presence of starch in the
sample.
Table for different samples:-
S.NO SAMPLES RESULT
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Test-tubes, conc. HCl, dil. HNO3, KI solution.
PROCEDURE:
Common adulterants present in chilli powder, turmeric powder and
pepper are red coloured lead salts, yellow lead salts and dried papaya
seeds respectively. They are detected as follows:
drops of conc.
HNO3
&shake.
4. Adulteration Take small Pure sugar
of various amount of dissolves in
insoluble sugar in a test water but
substances in tube and insoluble
sugar shake it with impurities do
Little water. Not dissolve.
5. Adulteration To small No brisk
of chalk amount of effervescence
powder, sugar in a test observed.
washing soda tube, add a
in sugar few drops of
dil. HCl
6. Adulteration To sample of Appearance
of yellow lead turmeric of magenta
salts to powder, add color
turmeric conc. HCl.
powder
7. Adulteration To a sample No yellow
of red lead of chilli Precipitate.
Salts in chilli Powder, add
powder. dil. HNO3.
Filter the
solution and
add 2 drops of
KI solution to
the filtrate.
8. Adulteration Add small Brick powder
of brick amount of settles at the
powder in given red chili bottom while
chili powder powder in a pure chili
beaker powder floats
containing over water.
water
9. Adulteration Add small Dried papaya
of dried amount of seeds being
papaya seeds sample of lighter float
in pepper pepper to over water
beaker while pure
containing pepper settles
water and stir at the
with a glass bottom.
Rod.
Result
The required analyses for adulterants in food stuffs has been
made.
Conclusion
Selection of wholesome and non-adulterated food is essential
for daily life to make sure that such foods do not cause any
health hazard. It is not possible to ensure wholesome food
only on visual examination when the toxic contaminants are
present in ppm level. However, visual examination of the food
before purchase makes sure to ensure absence of insects,
visual fungus, foreign matters, etc. Therefore, due care taken
by the consumer at the time of purchase of food after
thoroughly examining can be of great help. Secondly, label
declaration on packed food is very important for knowing the
ingredients and nutritional value. It also helps in checking the
freshness of the food and the period of best before use. The
consumer should avoid taking food from an unhygienic place
and food being prepared under unhygienic conditions. Such
types of food may cause various diseases. Consumption of cut
fruits being sold in unhygienic conditions should be avoided. It
is always better to buy certified food from reputed shops.