4th

International
Nuclear Chair:
Chemistry Marina Beatriz Agostini VASCONCELLOS – IPEN-CNEN/SP
Congress Local Committee:
Ana Maria Graciano Figueiredo – IPEN-CNEN/SP
Maresias,
Casimiro J. S. Munita – IPEN-CNEN/SP
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September Déborah I. T. Fávaro – IPEN-CNEN/SP
2014 Edson Gonçalves Moreira- IPEN-CNEN/SP
Maria Josè Armelin- IPEN-CNEN/SP
Mitiko Saiki- IPEN-CNEN/SP
Paulo S. Cardoso da Silva- IPEN-CNEN/SP
Vera Akiko Maihara- IPEN-CNEN/SP
Almir Faria Clain – IRD-CNEN/RJ
Barbara Mazzilli - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Elvis Joacir de França – CRCN/NE/PE
Maria Ângela de Menezes – CDTN-CNEN/MG 80
 THE    PRESENT    STATUS    OF  
NUCLEAR    CHEMISTRY  
EDUCATION    IN  
4th
International DIFFERENT    UNIVERSITIES  
Nuclear
Chemistry
AND    COUNTRIES
Congress
Maresias, Turan ÜNAK  
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Emeritus  Professor  of  Nuclear  Chemistry  
14 – 19 September
2014 Ege  University,  Izmir  ,  Turkey  
President  of  the  International                                                    
Nuclear  Chemistry  Society  (INCS)  
E-­‐mail:  turan@unak-­‐arge.com  

79
 In last two decades,
the educational problems that
have emerged in nuclear
chemistry and the challenges
4th
International faced by professionals in this
Nuclear field have been voiced at
Chemistry
Congress different meetings and scientific
Maresias, platforms and several reports
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014
were appeared.
Unfortunately, it is difficult to
say how these efforts have
practically affected and changed
the situation in a positive
manner. 78
 Here,
I hope to summarize the present
4th
status of nuclear chemistry
International education across the world and
Nuclear
Chemistry
to examine how some concrete
Congress efforts can be made by
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
professionals in this field
14 – 19 September
2014 to encourage a better
understanding this undesirable
situation and to improve it.

77
 Before starting my examination
of nuclear chemistry
educational problems
in universities across the world,
4th I believe that nuclear chemistry
International
Nuclear should be correctly defined and
Chemistry its place in chemistry education
Congress
Maresias,
should be correctly determined.
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September According to my opinion,
2014
if it is not done, the educational
problems in nuclear chemistry
cannot be correctly investigated
and the remedies cannot be
correctly determined. 76
 CHEMISTRY BIOCHEMISTRY
4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014

75
 Electrochemistry
Polymer chemistry
Medicinal chemistry
Geochemistry
4th Coordination chemistry
International Computational chemistry
Nuclear Environmental chemistry
Chemistry
Congress Quantum chemistry
Maresias, Theoretical chemistry
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September Pharmaceutical chemistry
2014
Photochemistry
Solid-state chemistry
.
.
etc.
74
 Radiochemistry
Radiation chemistry
4th
International Nuclear chemistry
Nuclear Radioanalytical chemistry
Chemistry
Congress Radiopharmaceutical chemistry
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
.
14 – 19 September
2014
.
.
etc.
.

73
 4th
International
Nuclear
“Where is the place of
Chemistry
Congress
nuclear chemistry in
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Chemistry main branch?”
14 – 19 September
2014

72
 First of all,
we must to understand,
4th
International
Nuclear why the main classical
Chemistry
Congress chemistry branches are
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
considered to consist of five
14 – 19 September
2014 branches that are organic,
inorganic, analytical,
physical, and biochemistry?

71
 But,
in spite of the appearance of
new fine sub-branches that
4th were previously indicated,
International the main sub-branches of
Nuclear
Chemistry chemistry did not change.
Congress Why?
Because, the basic methods
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014 and main considerations used
by these new fine sub-branches
can be collected, in principle,
under these five sub-branches
of chemistry. 70
 4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry Wilhelm C. Röntgen Henri Becquerel
Congress 1895 1896
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014

Marie Curie
After 1896 69
 Following this discovery,

4th the term “Radiochemistry”

International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
was introduced as the first
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
term related to the
14 – 19 September
2014
chemistry of radioactive
materials in the chemistry
literature.

68
 In the following years,
according to the new applications
of radioactive materials and
nuclear radiation in different fields
4th of science and technology,
International
Nuclear additional new terms were
Chemistry introduced into the literature of
Congress
chemistry such as
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Nuclear chemistry,
14 – 19 September
2014 Radiation chemistry,
Radioanalytical chemistry,
Radiopharmaceutical chemistry,
Nuclear and radiochemistry,
etc.
67
 Now,
it should be interrogated:

4th “If all these fine sub-branches

International
Nuclear
of chemistry that are related to
Chemistry the chemistry of radioactive
Congress
materials and nuclear radiation,
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
can be collected under the five
2014 classical main branches of
chemistry, like all other fine
sub-branches indicated above,
or not?”
66
 The answer is simple and clear:
“No!”

4th Because, all these fine sub-

International
Nuclear
branches have completely
Chemistry different methods and
Congress
Maresias,
considerations for studying of
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
the chemistry related to
2014
radioactive materials and
nuclear radiation than that of
the five classical sub-branches
of chemistry.
65
 4th
International
Nuclear

CHEMISTRY
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014

64
 “What term can be used as an
umbrella for all of these sub-
branches of chemistry related
4th to radioactive materials and
International
Nuclear
nuclear radiation?”
Chemistry
Congress Now, we must find this
Maresias, umbrella; but, I must confess
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014
that it is not so easy to find this
umbrella that will easily be
accepted by all international
platforms by the majority of
related scientists.
63
 Gerhart Friedlander
Joseph W. Kennedy

Introduction to
Radiochemistry

4th
International J. Wiley, Chapman & Hall

Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
INTRODUCTION TO RADIOCHEMISTRY
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September Gerhart Friedlander
2014
Joseph W. Kennedy

Published in 1949 by
J. Wiley, Chapman & Hall,

Written in English 62
 4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil LA CHIMIE NUCLÉAIRE
14 – 19 September
2014 ET SES APPLICATIONS
Moise Häissinsky
Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1957

Written in French
61
 4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
NUCLEAR AND RADIOCHEMISTRY
14 – 19 September
2014
Gerhard Friedlander
Joseph W. Kennedy
Julian Malcolm Miller

2nd Edition
1966, John Wille and Sons, Inc.
60
 Of course,
this title resulted in an
important question:
4th
International “Are nuclear chemistry and
Nuclear
Chemistry
radiochemistry different fine
Congress sub-branches of chemistry?
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Also,
14 – 19 September
2014 “Does it cover other fine sub-
branches such as radiation
chemistry, radioanalytical
chemistry, radiopharmaceutical
chemistry, etc, or not?
59
 4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
2014 (Theory and Applications)

Gregory Choppin
Jan Rydberg
Pergamon Press, 1980
58
 “There is no universally
4th
International accepted definition for the
Nuclear
Chemistry term nuclear chemistry”
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Gregory Choppin
14 – 19 September
2014 Jan Rydberg

1980

57
 4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014

56
 4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Nuclear Energy
14 – 19 September Production and Safety
Issues
2014

55
 Experimental Nuclear Chemistry, Gregory R. Choppin, 1961
Nuclear Chemistry, Eugene Eichler, G. Davis O'Kelley, 1963
Basic Concepts of Nuclear Chemistry, Ralph T. Overman ,
Reinhold, 1963
Nuclear Chemistry and its Applications, M. Haïssinsky, 1964
Nuclear Chemistry, Marc Lefort ,Van Nostrand, 1968
Nuclear Chemistry, Leo Yaffe, 1968
Prenciples of Radiochemistry, Herbert Alwyn, Cochrane McKay,
4th 1971
Enstrumentation in Applied Nuclear Chemistry, Jan Krugers, Joel
International B. Ayers, 1973
Nuclear Radiochemistry – Theory and Experiment, Thomas Arthur, Hardy
Chemistry Peacocke, 1978,
Congress Radiochemistry, Cornelius Keller, Ellis Horwood, 1988
Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, Hari Jeevan Arnikar, 1987 and
Maresias, 1995
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Radiochemistry and Nuclear Methods of Analysis, William D. Eh
14 – 19 September Ehmann, Diane E. Vance, 1991
2014 Nuclear Chemistry, Oldrich Navratil, E. Horwood, 1992
Fundementals of Radiochemistry, Jean Pierre Adloff, Robert
Guillaumont, 1993
An Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry, M. Satake, 1995
Modern Nuclear Chemistry, Walter D. Loveland, David J.
Morrissey, Glenn T. Seaborg, 2005
Nuclear Chemistry, M. Sharon, 2009
Nuclear Chemistry (New Research), Axel N. Koskinen, 2009
Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Jens-Volker Kratz, Karl Heinrich
Lieser, 2013
54
 4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014 Articles

Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry

Letters

53
 4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014

After 1984

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

(JRNC)

52
 Are radioanalytical
4th
International chemistry and nuclear
Nuclear chemistry different fine
Chemistry
Congress sub-branches of chemistry
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
or not?
14 – 19 September
2014

51
 This story clearly verifies
4th that
International
Nuclear
a confusion of terminology
Chemistry
Congress
or at least, turbulence
Maresias, exist in this branch of
chemistry.
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014

50
 In 1999, as the organizer of the
International Nuclear Chemistry Forum,
I distributed an inquiry to many
colleagues who were directly or
indirectly related to the chemistry of
4th
International nuclear materials and nuclear radiation
Nuclear and their applications in which the
Chemistry following question was included:
Congress
Maresias, “Do you consider that nuclear chemistry
Sāo Paulo, Brazil and radiochemistry are different fields?”
14 – 19 September
2014
Out of about 250 colleagues 35 %
answered YES and 65 % answered NO.
This was also a clear indication of
terminological confusion or turbulence,
at least, about the use of these terms.
49
 4th
International
Nuclear

CHEMISTRY
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014

48
 Now, we can examine the
present status of nuclear
4th chemistry education in different
International
Nuclear universities and countries.
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
For this examination,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September I have first consided the
2014
international ranking system
for the success reference of
universities.

47
 As is well known,
all world universities are scored each
year and several lists are published by
an independent ranking agency in the
UK. According to the latest list for
4th
physical science category which is
International
Nuclear valid for this year, 2014, the first
Chemistry university has a ranking score of 92.0.
Congress Surely, these lists may be discussable;
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
but, the universities that have high
14 – 19 September ranking scores and find places in the
2014
top levels of these lists are, in general,
well known, prestigious, favoured, and
successful universities.
For this reason, the universities are in
competition to climb to the top levels
in these lists. 46
 The chemistry programs at the
top 50 universities were
carefully browsed using their
internet web addresses and
4th
International eventually their last updated
Nuclear undergraduate chemistry
Chemistry
Congress programs were examined.
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil During this browsing,
14 – 19 September
2014 all courses with whatever title,
but related to the chemistry of
radioactive materials and
nuclear radiation and its
applications were searched.
45
 No.   University   Country   Score   Courses  
Ge/Ch 127
California Institute of USA   92.0
1   Technology (Caltech)   Nuclear
Chemistry
Massachusetts Institute USA   91.0
2   of Technology (MIT)  

2   Princeton University   USA   91.0

4th
International 4   Harvard University   USA   90.2
Nuclear CHEM 143
Chemistry Nuclear Chem.
Congress CHEM 146
University of California, USA   89.9
5   Berkeley   Chemical
Maresias, Methods in
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Nuclear
14 – 19 September
Technology
2014
5   Stanford University   USA   89.9

7   University of Cambridge   UK   88.8

8   University of Oxford   UK   87.3

University of California, USA   85.1

9   Los Angeles (UCLA)  
44
 No.   University   Country   Score   Courses  
10   University of Chicago   USA   84.9
CHEM 437b
Chemistry of
Isotopes
CHEM 440a
11   Yale University USA   83.6 Molecules and
4th Radiation I
International CHEM 442b
Molecules and
Nuclear Radiation II
Chemistry 535-0210-00L
Congress ETH Zürich – Swiss Radiopharma-
Maresias, 12   Federal Institute of Switzerland   83.2 ceutical
Technology Zürich
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Chemistry
14 – 19 September  
2014
13   Imperial College London UK   82.5

14   Columbia University 81.0

15   Cornell University USA   80.7

16   The University of Tokyo Japan   73.5

43
 No.   University   Country   Score   Courses  
17   University of Toronto Canada   71.7
CHEM 418
Nuclear
Chemistry
18   University of Washington USA   71.5 CHEM 410
4th Radiochemistry
Lab.
International
Nuclear Ludwig-Maximilians-
19   Universität München Germany   71.3
Chemistry University of California,
20   Santa Barbara USA   71.1
Congress
University of Texas at 71.0
Maresias, 21   Austin UK  
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
22   University of Michigan USA   70.0
14 – 19 September
2014 École Polytechnique
23   Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland   69.4

24   University of Melbourne Australia   68.9

Université Pierre et 67.6
25   Marie Curie France  
CHEM 417
University of British Nuclear
26   Columbia Canada   67.0
Chemistry and
Radiochemistry
42
 No.   University   Country   Score   Courses  
University of Wisconsin- 66.6
27   Madison USA  
27   Northwestern University USA   66.6
École Normale
29   Supérieure France   65.8
Australian National
29   University Australia   65.8
4th Georg-August-
International 31   Universität Göttingen Germany   65.5

Nuclear Radiochemistry
32   Peking University China   65.3 Radiation
Chemistry
chemistry  
Congress University of Illinois at
33   Urbana Champaign USA   65.0
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil 34   Rice University Australia   64.7
14 – 19 September
2014 35   Brown University Canada   64.6

36   Kyoto University Japan   64.3

37   University of Edinburgh UK   61.6

Pennsylvania State 61.5
38   University USA  

38   École Polytechnique France   61.5

41
 No.   University   Country   Score   Courses  
Carnegie Mellon 61.4
40   University USA  
National University of
41   Singapore (NUS) Singapore   61.2
Technische Universität
42   München Germany   61.0 Radiochemistry
4th
International 43   Universität Heidelberg Germany   60.5
Nuclear 44  
University of Colorado USA   59.9
Boulder
Chemistry
45   Boston University USA   59.6
Congress
Maresias, University of California, USA   59.6
45   San Diego
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September Georgia Institute of
2014 47   Technology (Georgia USA   59.4
Tech)
48   Stockholm University Sweden   58.1

49   University of Minnesota USA   58.0

50   University of Manchester UK   57.9

40
 As you see,
the searching result was a big
disappointment for this branch
4th of chemistry.
International
Nuclear
Chemistry Only, a few universities have
Congress
Maresias,
some courses with different
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
titles.
2014
Others have nothing!

Please,
evaluate this situation yourself.
39
 Also, consider that this is only
valid for chemistry programs.
If not, some universities have
4th
several courses related to this
International branch of chemistry in other
Nuclear
Chemistry
educational programs such as
Congress in the programs of Nuclear
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Engineering, Nuclear Medicine,
14 – 19 September
2014 Radiopharmaceutical
Applications, etc.
Also, some universities have
some courses in their Master
and Ph. D. programs.
38
 Another examination was carried
out using another criterion
for universities.
According to this criterion,
4th No. 1 universities in 50 different
International
Nuclear
countries were considered for
Chemistry examination. Of
Congress course, the No. 1 university of
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil each country mean that these
14 – 19 September
2014 universities have the highest
national ranking scores in their
home counties.
This is also another way
to evaluate the universities
for their successfulness. 37
 No.   University   Country   World Courses  
order
Massachusetts Institute of USA  
1   5th  
Technology (MIT)  
University of Cambridge   UK   7th  
2  
4th ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Switzerland  
3   14th  
International Institute of Technology)  
Nuclear National University of Singapore  
26th  
4  
Chemistry Singapore (NUS)  
Congress 5   McGill University   Canada   35th  

Maresias, The Hong Kong University Hong Kong  

Sāo Paulo, Brazil 6   43th  
of Science and Techn.  
14 – 19 September
Seoul National University   South Korea   44th  
2014 7  
Peking University   China   Radiochemistry
8   45th   Radiation
chemistry
Australian National Australia  
9   48th  
University  
KU Leuven   Belgium   61th  
10  
36
 No.   University   Country   World Courses  
order
Ecole Normale France  
11   65th  
Supérieure, Paris  
Technische Universität Germany   Radiochemistry
12   87th  
München  
4th
University of Helsinki   Finland   100th  
International 13  
Nuclear 14  
Lund University   Sweden   123rd  
Chemistry
University of Cape Town   South
Congress 15   126th  
Africa  
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil National Taiwan Taiwan  
16   142nd  
14 – 19 September University (NTU)  
2014
University of Amsterdam   Netherland   144th  
17  
University of Copenhagen   Denmark   150th  
18  
University of Vienna   Austria   170th  
19  
University of Oslo   Norway   185th  
20  

35
 No.   University   Country   World Courses  
order
 

Hebrew University of Israel  

21   191th  
Jerusalem  
Universidad de Buenos Argentina   >  200th  
22  
Aires  
Universidade de São Paulo Brazil   > 200th
4th 23   (USP)  
International
Nuclear Pontificia Universidad Chile   > 200th
24   Católica de Chile  
Chemistry
Congress Universidad de Los Andes Colombia   > 200th
25   Colombia  
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Charles University   Czech > 200th
14 – 19 September 26  
2014 Republic  

American University in Egypt   > 200th

27   Cairo  

Aristotle University of Greece   > 200th

28   Thessaloniki  

Indian Institute of India   > 200th

29   Technology Delhi (IITD)  
34
 No.   University   Country   World Courses  
order
30 University of Indonesia   Indonesia   > 200th
Nuclear and
Medicinal
31   Trinity College Dublin   Ireland   > 200th
Inorganic
4th Chemistry
International 32  
University of Bologna   Italy   > 200th
Nuclear
The University of Tokyo   Japan   > 200th
Chemistry 33  
Congress L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian Kazakhstan   > 200th
34  
Maresias, National University  
Sāo Paulo, Brazil American University of Lebanon   > 200th
14 – 19 September 35   Beirut (AUB)  
2014
Universiti Malaya (UM)   Malaysia   > 200th
36  
Universidad Nacional Mexico   > 200th
37   Autónoma de México
(UNAM)  
The University of New Zeland  > 200th
38   Auckland  
33
 University   World Courses  
No.   Country   order
 
39   Sultan Qaboos University   Oman   > 200th

4th National University of > 200th

40   Sciences and Technology
International Pakistan  
(NUST) Islamabad  
Nuclear > 200th Radioisotope
Chemistry Techniques
Congress University of the Philippines  
(in Analy. Chem.)
41   Philippines  
Maresias, Nuclear Chem.
Sāo Paulo, Brazil (in Inorganic
14 – 19 September Chem.)
2014 Jagiellonian University   Poland   > 200th
42  
University of Coimbra   Portugal   > 200th
43  
Lomonosov Moscow State Russia   > 200th Department of
44  
University   Radiochemistry
King Saud University   Saudi > 200th
45  
Arabia  
32
 No.   University   Country   World Courses  
order
Universitat Autónoma de Spain   > 200th
46   Barcelona  
4th
Chulalongkorn Thailand   > 200th
International 47   University  
Nuclear
Chemistry Bilkent University   Turkey   > 200th
48
Congress United Arab Emirates United > 200th
Maresias,
49   University   Arab
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Emirate  
14 – 19 September
2014 Universidad ORT Uruguay   > 200th
50  
Uruguay  

31
 As you see,
4th the general situation is not
International considerably different than that
Nuclear
Chemistry of the 50 top universities.
Congress Only, some universities have
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil some courses with different
titles. But still, the majority of
14 – 19 September
2014

these universities have nothing

on this matter.

30
 In spite of this negative situation
for education in nuclear chemistry
in chemistry programs either in top
50 universities in the world or No. 1
universities in 50 different countries,
4th
International some universities that are far from
Nuclear the top of these lists and have low
Chemistry international or national ranking
Congress
Maresias,
scores, do run considerably
Sāo Paulo, Brazil remarkable, sometimes intensive
14 – 19 September
2014 courses related to nuclear chemistry
and / or its applications.
As examples of these types of
universities, about 35 universities
were determined from different
countries. 29
 World
order
University Country and Courses
ranking
Score
CHE 520:
University of Kentucky Radiochemistry
College of Arts and Sciences USA >400th CHE 521:
Department of Chemistry Radiochemistry Lab.
4th CHE 616: Nuclear
International Chemistry
Nuclear Tennessee  Tech.  University   CHEM 4310/5310
Chemistry Department  of  Chemistry   USA >400th Nuclear and
Radiochemistry
Congress Missouri University College of National Nuclear
Maresias, Arts and Science USA >400th Chemistry
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Department of Chemistry Summer Schools
14 – 19 September Delft University of Technology Nether- 69th
2014 land (59.1) CH3771: Nuclear
Faculty of Applied Sciences   Chemistry  
Universty of Maryland CHEM705: Nuclear
Department of Chemistry USA >400th Chemistry
& Biochemistry
Defence Academy of the UK (NCC) - ME844N  
United Kingdom Nuclear Chemistry
Indiana University USA 132nd C460: Nuclear
Department of Chemistry (50.1) Chemistry
28
 World
order
University Country and Courses
ranking
Score
CHEM 143: Nuclear
Berkeley Chemistry
University of California USA >400th CHEM 243: Advance
d Nuclear Structure
4th and Reactions
International 073 First-Year
Nuclear Seminar: The Broad
Chemistry University of North Carolina USA >400th Scope of Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress (From Atomic Bombs
Maresias, to Cancer Treatments)
Sāo Paulo, Brazil KTH Royal Institute of Sweden 117th KD2080: Nuclear
14 – 19 September Technology (51.6) Chemistry  
2014 CEM 485: Modern
Michigan State University USA 83rd Nuclear Chemistry
Department of Chemistry (55.9) CEM 985: Selected
Topics in Nuclear
Chemistry 
Manchester University CHEM40311:
School of Chemistry UK >400th Radiochemistry and
Nuclear Chemistry  

27
 World
order
University Country and Courses
ranking
Score
Chalmers Institute of Sweden >400th Nuclear Chemistry
Technology
Jomo Kenyatta University of SCH 2203: Nuclear
4th Agriculture and Technology Kenya >400th Chemistry and
International Radiochemistry  
Mount Royal University CHEM 3801: Nuclear
Nuclear Fac. of Science & Tech. Canada >400th Chemistry  
Chemistry Department of Chemistry
Congress University of British Nuclear and
Colombia Canada >400th Radiochemistry
Maresias, Faculty of Science
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Department of Chemistry
14 – 19 September
Rockhurst University USA >400th CH 3650: Nuclear
2014
Department of Chemistry Chemistry
University of Bergen KJEM260:
Department of Chemistry Norway 201th - Radiochemistry and
225th Radioactivity  

University of Massachusetts 95.441:

Lowell USA >400th Radiochemistry
Department of Chemistry
26
 World
order
University Country and Courses
ranking
Score
CHE 520:
Radiochemistry
4th University of Kentucky USA >400th CHE 521:
International Department of Chemistry Radiochemistry Lab.
Nuclear CHE 616: Nuclear
Chemistry
Chemistry Uppsala Universirty UU-49001: Nuclide
Congress Department of Chemistry Sweden >400th Production and
Maresias, Radiochemistry
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Norwegian University Norway >400th KJM350 Radiation
14 – 19 September of Life Scences and Radiochemistry  
2014 University of Utah USA 143rd 3200:  Radiochemistry  I  
Department of Chemistry (49.1)
Washington University Chemistry 536:
in St. Louis USA >400 Radiochemistry for the
Department of Chemistry Life Sciences
California State University Chem 481:
Northridge USA >400th Radiochemistry
Dept.of Chem.& Biochem.

25
 World
University order Courses
Country and
ranking
Score
CHEM 450: Nuclear
James Madison University and Radiation
Department of Chemistry & USA >400th Chemistry
4th Biochemistry CHEM 450L:
International Laboratory for
Nuclear Nuclear and Radiation
Chemistry
Chemistry FYS-KJM4710:
Congress Radiation and
University of Oslo Norway 185th Radiation Dosimetry
Maresias,
Department of Chemistry (43.3) KJM5901:
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
Radiochemical
2014 Methods
KJM5950:Radiophar
maceutical Chemistry
University of Nairobi Kenya >400th SCH 408: Nuclear and
Department of Chemistry Radiation Chemistry
22nd Chem 4404: Radiation
Western University Canada (77.1) and Nuclear Systems
Chemistry

24
 World
University order Courses
Country and
ranking
Score
Chemistry 418:
Nuclear Chemistry
4th
University of Washington USA 25th and Radiochemistry
International Depatment of Chemistry (73.4) Chemistry 410:
Nuclear Nuclear Chemistry
Chemistry Laboratory
Royal Institute of Sweden > 400th Nuclear Chemistry
Congress Technology
Maresias, University of Texas USA 188th CHEM 4389: Modern
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Chemistry Program (45.2) Nuclear Chemistry
14 – 19 September St. Kliment Ohridsky
2014 University of Sofia Bulgaria > 400th GOOD EXAMPLE
Nuclear Chemistry
BS Degree Program
Czech Technical University Czech
Department of Nuclear Rep. > 400th GOOD EXAMPLE
Chemistrty

23
 As you can see,
these universities have different
courses under different titles;
4th
International
but, the majority of the course
Nuclear titles are nuclear chemistry.
Chemistry
Congress
Of course, this is a good
Maresias, statement for nuclear chemistry
education.
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014

In the last slide you saw two

universities that were noted as
“Good example”.
22
 In case of establishing a
nuclear chemistry ranking
4th system for universities,
International
Nuclear
Chemistry according to my opinion,
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil these two universities
14 – 19 September
2014 should be recognized
as the top universities in the
world according to the nuclear
chemistry ranking system.
21
 CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR CHEMISTRTY
Courses provided by this department:

Analytical Calculations and Chemometry Principals

Aplication of Radionuclides I
Aplication of Radionuclides II
Application of Radiation Methods
4th Bachelor's thesis I
International Bachelor's thesis II
Compile a Search I
Nuclear
Compile a Search II
Chemistry Determination of Radionuclides in the Environment
Congress Environmental Chemistry and Radioecology
Maresias, Excursion I
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Excursion II
14 – 19 September General Chemistry
2014 General Chemistry I
General Chemistry II
General Chemistry Calculations
Chemistry of Radioactive Elements
Instrumental Methods I
Instrumental Methods II
Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry
Introduction to Photochemistry and Photobiology
20
 Laboratory Practice in the Instrumental Methods
Ionising Radiation Detection
Master's Thesis I
Master's Thesis II
Measurement and Data Handling
Modelling of the Migration Processes in the Environment
4th Nuclear chemistry I
International Nuclear chemistry II
Nuclear Nuclear Materials Technology
Nuclear Power Plants Design and Operation
Chemistry Numerical Simulation of Complex Environmental Processes
Congress Physical Chemistry 1
Maresias, Physical Chemistry 2
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Physical Chemistry 3
14 – 19 September Physical Chemistry 4
2014 Physical Chemistry 5
Practical Exercises in Radiation Methods in Biology and Medicine
Practical Exercises in Radiation Chemistry
Practical Exercises in Detection of Ionizing Radiation
Practical Exercises in Microbiology
Practical Exercises in Nuclear Chemistry

19
 Practical Exercises in Radioanalytical Methods
Practical Exercises in Radiochemistry Techniques
Practical Exercises in Separation Methods
Protection of the Environment
Radiation Chemistry
Radiation Methods in Biology and Medicine
4th Radioanalytical Methods
Radionuclide Production
International
Radiopharmaceuticals I
Nuclear Radiopharmaceuticals II
Chemistry Research Project I
Congress Research Project II
Seminar I
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Seminar II
14 – 19 September Separation Methods in Nuclear Chemistry I
2014 Separation Methods in Nuclear Chemistry II
The Chemistry of Operation of Nuclear Power Plants
The Technology of the Fuel Cycles of Nuclear Power Stations
The Theory of the Electromagnetic Field and Waste Motion
Trace Radiochemistry
Waste Analyses
Waste management and Treatment

18
 ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKY UNIVERSITY OF SOFIA IN
BULGARIA

FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY

4th Nuclear Chemistry Bachelor Degree Program

International Related courses provided by this program:
Nuclear
Chemistry Nuclear and Radiochemistry I
Congress Nuclear and Radiochemistry II
Radiation Protection
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Radioanalitycal Chemistry
14 – 19 September Chemistry of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle and of Nuclear Reactions
2014 Production of Radioactive Isotopes and Labeled Compounds
Radioactive Wastes
Nuclear safety, Risk Analysis and Risk Informed
Decision Making
Fundementals of Radiobiology

17
 Maybe, someone will ask me

4th “How about nuclear

International
Nuclear chemistry education
Chemistry
Congress
in my university, in Turkey?”
Maresias,

At my recent
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014
Department of Chemistry
Ege University
Faculty of Science
16
 EGE UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, TURKEY
(World order : > 400th)
In Chemistry Bachelor Degree Program
Related courses provided by this program before my
retirement
4th
Basic Nuclear Chemistry (Obligatory course, 3rd Semester)
International The contents of this course can be summarized as follows:
Nuclear • The origin of matter and the mass and energy
Chemistry relationship,
Congress • Stability of atomic nuclei and radioactivity,
Maresias,
• Radioactive decays and characteristics,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil • Nuclear radiation and interaction with matter,
14 – 19 September • Nuclear reactions,
2014 • Basic principles of fission and fusion reactions
and their applications,
• Natural radioactivity,
• Application of radioactive materials and nuclear
radiation,
• Radioactivation analysis techniques,
• Basic principles of nuclear energy production and
nuclear fuel technologies.
15
 Nuclear Chemistry I (Elective course. 5th Semester)
The contents of this course can be summarized as follows:
• Hyperfine structure of atomic nuclei, nuclear forces, and
nuclear models,
• Radioactivity detection techniques and counting systems,
• Transuranium elements and their production techniques,
4th • Radionuclide production techniques,
International • Medical cyclotrons and nuclear medical applications,
Nuclear • Radiation dose units and radiation protection principles,
• Details of each laboratory experiment.
Chemistry
Congress Nuclear Chemistry I Lab.
All students carry out in total 10 experiments in this lab. as
Maresias, given below:
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Experiment 1:
14 – 19 September a) Measurements of the natural radioactivity of potassium salts to be
2014 used as chemical reagents,
b) Measurement of the natural radioactivity of artificial fertilizers to
be commercially used.
Experiment 2:
Measurement of the half-life of Thorium-232.
Experiment 3:
Determination of the gamma ray spectrum of Zinc-65 using a single
channel analyzer system containing a NaI(Tl) detector and
measurement of counting efficiency of this detector. 14
 Nuclear Chemistry Lab. (Contunue)
Experiment 4:
Study of the absorption of gamma rays by air and some
metals and determination of absorption coefficients of these
materials.
Experiment 5:
a) Measurement of the maximum beta ray energy of
4th Strontium-90,
International b) Determination of the counting efficiency of a Geiger-Müller
Nuclear detector for beta rays of Promethium-147,
Chemistry c) Calculation of Samarium-147 activity on the day of
experiment.
Congress Experiment 6:
Maresias, Study of counting statistics and determination of standard
Sāo Paulo, Brazil errors.
14 – 19 September
2014 Experiment 7:
Irradiation of MnO2 with thermal neutrons in a Ra-Be neutron
generator and measurement of the half-life of Manganese-56.
Experiment 8:
a) Radioiodination of aniline with iodine-131 using the iodogen
method,
b) Separation of radioiodinated aniline and free iodine-131 using
Thin Layer Radiochromatograpy (TLRC) Technique,
c) Calculation of radioiodination yield.
13
 Experiment 9:
Study of the radioactivity of a mixture of two different
radionuclides and determination of their half-lives (131I and
125I).

Experiment 10:
Visit to the Department of Nuclear Medicine laboratories,
observation of the application of nuclear materials in humans
4th
and preparation of a report on this visit.
International
Nuclear
Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry II (Elective course, 6th semester)
Congress The contents of this course can be summarized as follows:
• Principles of radiation chemistry,
Maresias,
• Principles of health physics,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September • Effects of nuclear radiation on human life and other living
2014 systems,
• Details of nuclear reactions,
• Details of fission and fusion reactions,
• Nuclear reactors: Types and principles,
• Nuclear fuel technologies,
• Thorium based nuclear fuel technology and its future
perspective,
• Recent advances in nuclear medicine and
radiopharmaceutical chemistry. 12
 Diploma Work
(Elective lab. work, 7th & 8th semeters)
Students who wish to gain more
4th experimental expertise in the field of
International Nuclear Chemistry may choose the
Nuclear field of Nuclear Chemistry as the field
Chemistry
Congress for his / her Diploma Work. In this
Maresias, context, many students wish to make
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
his / her Diploma Work in Nuclear
2014 Chemistry; but unfortunately, only
maximal 8–10 students can be selected
to carry out this work in the laboratory
of Nuclear Chemistry.

11
 The details of this undergraduate
Nuclear Chemistry program
was published with the title

4th “AN IDEAL TEACHING PROGRAM OF

International NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
Nuclear
Chemistry
IN THE UNDERGRADUATE CHEMISTRY
Congress CURRICULUM”
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil (J. Radional. Nucl. Chem., 2009,
14 – 19 September
2014 Vol.: 280, No.: 2, pp. 223 – 226)

Very unfortunately,
it seems to be very difficult continuing
the same program by this department
after my retirement.
10
 CONCLUSIONS:

4th 1.   The umbrella role of nuclear

International
Nuclear
chemistry should strongly be
Chemistry supported everywhere;
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2.   Nuclear chemistry should be
2014
emphasized as the sixth
main sub-branch of
chemistry;

9
 3.  The overview of nuclear chemistry
education in universities across the
world has clearly indicated that nuclear
4th chemistry education has not yet achieved
International a classical status in chemistry curricula
Nuclear
Chemistry worldwide like organic, analytical,
Congress inorganic, physical or biochemistry;
Maresias, but, all undergraduate chemistry
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
programs of universities across the world
2014 should cover at least one nuclear
chemistry course with some laboratory
experiments. Like in the case of other
main sub-branches of chemistry.

8
 4. It is evident that the majority of active
chemistry staff surely does not have
4th enough knowledge of today’s
International importance of nuclear chemistry and its
Nuclear scientific and technological applications,
Chemistry which results in a huge lack of nuclear
Congress chemistry education in the formulation
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
of chemistry curricula;
14 – 19 September
2014
5. This present status prevents the
education of new staffs in nuclear
chemistry and so, this creates a vicious
circle for the subject;

7
 6. The good examples which were
identified, can be attributed to the
personal efforts of some well-educated
4th staff in nuclear chemistry and this does
International not guarantee that the same status will
Nuclear continue in the future in their
Chemistry universities after their retirements and
Congress for this reason, it will be evident that as
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
notified by Gregory Choppin “The need
14 – 19 September for radiochemists (he meant surely
2014
nuclear chemists) must grow; but in
most countries, including the US, there
will soon be no professors to train
them!”;

6
 7. Today’s active nuclear chemistry staff
should understand that they have been
4th charged with a very important mission
International for the future status of nuclear chemistry
Nuclear and that they need to be much more
Chemistry
Congress
active and try to help other chemistry
Maresias,
staff in their universities to understand
Sāo Paulo, Brazil that nuclear chemistry education should
14 – 19 September
2014
have a permanent place in chemistry
curricula without depending on
temporary personnel efforts and
activities;

5
 8. Nuclear chemistry staffs should
communicate with all national or
4th international scientific organizations to
International spread more understanding of the
Nuclear important role of nuclear chemistry in
Chemistry scientific and technological applications
Congress
required for future human life;
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September 9. The number of civil national and
2014
international organizations such as the
INCS and the Radiochemistry Society in
the US, and others should be increased;

4
 10. A master program for nuclear
4th chemistry in undergraduate education
International
needs to be formulated and
Nuclear
Chemistry it should be recommended for
Congress introduction into all chemistry curricula
Maresias, in various universities across the world.
Sāo Paulo, Brazil This would help to create more interest
14 – 19 September
2014 in the field of nuclear chemistry among
the younger generation.

3
 I love Nuclear Chemistry
4th and I love all of you
International
Nuclear
as the distinguished
Chemistry Nuclear Chemists!
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil Good luck everybody,
14 – 19 September
2014 with your fight to keep
nuclear chemistry alive.
I will do all I can
to help you.
2
 4th
International
Nuclear
Chemistry
Congress
Maresias,
Sāo Paulo, Brazil
14 – 19 September
2014