Calculus 1 MATH 100E

Lecture (2): Functions

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MATH
100E
time
schedule
 Functions & graphs

y = f (x)
Dependent variable Independent variable
-To graph a function: use calculator, spreadsheets (EXCEL), or
you can do it manually!
f ( x + h) − f ( x )
-The difference quotient of a function Æ
h
Functions

Algebraic Transcendental (non-algebraic)

(e.g. polynomial, rational) (e.g. trigonometric, exponential,
logarithmic)
 Algebraic functions
Polynomial f ( x) = an x n + an −1 x n −1 + LL + a1 x + a0
Polynomial degree f (x) Name

0 =a Constant
1 =ax+b Linear
2 = a x2 + b x + c Quadratic

Rational function = f (x) / g (x)

Composite function = (f ○ g) (x)

 Trigonometry
θ (degrees) = θ (rad.) *180/ π
+ve direction of measuring angle is counterclockwise

θ S sin All
+ve +ve
r

tan cos
+ve +ve
S (arc length) = rθ (in rad.)
1 2
A(sector area ) = r θ (in rad.)
2
 Trigonometry
C

γ sin α sin β sin γ

a
= =
a b c
a = b + c − 2bc cos α
2 2 2
b
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos β α β
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos γ A c B

sin(α ± β ) = sin α cos β ± sin β cos α

sin θ + cos θ = 1
2 2
cos(α ± β ) = cos α cos β m sin α sin β

sin( −θ ) = − sin θ ⎧cos 2 α − sin 2 α

⎪
cos(−θ ) = cos θ cos 2α = ⎨ 1 − 2 sin 2 α sin 2α = 2 sin α cos α
⎪ 2 cos 2 α − 1
tan(−θ ) = − tan θ ⎩
 Exponent and logarithm
y = log a x ←⎯ ⎯⎯→ x = a y
equivalent

1
a −n =
an log a x
log b x =
( a)
⎛m⎞
⎜ ⎟ m
a ⎝n⎠
= a =
n m n log a b

a b a c = a b+c log a (uv) = log a u + log a v

ab b −c ⎛u⎞
= a log a ⎜ ⎟ = log a u − log a v
ac ⎝v⎠
(a ) b c
= a bc log a (u ) = c log a u
c
 Problems

Readings: sec. 1.5 Æ 1.7

From P. 28 to P. 53

Examples: All examples in Sec.1.5, Sec. 1.6 and Sec. 1.7

Problems: 11Æ16 P.45