A.

Availability

B. Model

C. Connectivity

There are several IP transmission media: Ethernet cable, wireless WiFi, coaxial cable
RG59, PLC, fiber optic... The first 2 are the most common in CCTV.

Ethernet cable

It is the most common for all types of IP connections and depending on their features tends to
have diversity price, allowing you to transport the data video stream from multiple cameras,
together with other devices.

Physical operation is based on RJ45 male connectors and cable UTP - cable twisted pair
shield-8 thread forming an Ethernet cable, with a theoretical maximum of 100 meters for
CAT5e and CAT6; the most common categories currently for connections of up to 1000 Mbps
(Gigabit Ethernet).

Devices such as recorders, IP cameras, etc. have a RJ45 female that we connect the
Ethernet cable. If we need to cover large distances, we can insert a switch when we are
reaching the maximum distances have additional female RJ45 connections and cable.

An interesting feature of the Ethernet cable is that way it simultaneously allows to transport
data and DC power, using a technology called PoE - Power over Ethernet, power over
network - so that, if our camera supports this technology, we can avoid wired power
independently to the device to feed.
WiFi connection

Through Wifi we managed to unite IP devices wirelessly to the physical network, which is of
great help for IP cameras located in less accessible areas or where install Ethernet cabling is
not feasible - from building to building, for example--or it is very complicated for aesthetics or
inability to channel it inside.

The Wifi connection has a high cost in general, lower speed and is more prone to interference
and saturation of the channels that we are using, but has the indisputable advantage of
portability.

Currently there are several standards, which operate in the band of 2.4 GHz is the most
common indoors, and often present in routers that facilitate internet operators and provides
total speed in optimal conditions of up to 300 Mbps,

Other common standard is that operates in the 5 GHz band, obtaining connections also at
high speeds, but much more stable to have less interference for being a non-shared band
with other standards as happens to the 2.4 GHz.

There are several options in this field:

The Wifi connectivity of our internet access router can use to directly connect IP cameras that
integrate wifi, usually more simple, designed for domestic models.

Diagram 1 wifi connection

Connect a couple - or more - than - professional access points running on 2.4 or 5 GHz-even
admitting your outdoor installation; allowing connect wirelessly two - or more - separate
Ethernet cable-based network.

Diagram 2 wifi connection

Provide an IP camera that only have connection by Ethernet cable, using a device - small size
that even allows you to connect to a mobile phone via a USB 3G network router-wireless
connectivity.
Coaxial cable

In addition to the SLOC - Security Link solutions over Coaxial-, whether we are adding IP
cameras in an environment in which we already have wiring coaxial installed, for example
taking advantage of the hybridization of a DVR, it is feasible to use RG59 cable from the
analog cameras to an IP camera, using an IP Extender on coaxial.

Using a passive adapter, i.e. which does not need external power and size very reduced,
connected at each end of the coax up to 200 meters, we create a symmetrical IP (up and
down) connection 10 Mbps, suitable for 1 IP camera.

There are also other fed options that allow theoretical distances up to 500 meters of coaxial
cable connecting also at each end of the coaxial cable, and transmit signal IP rise 21 Mbps
and 3 Mbps down, keeping the video channel for coaxial simultaneously.

The ideal solution depends on each facility, if we need to take advantage of existing wiring or
devices already present, if we are to provide connectivity to new areas and their accessibility.
Bearing in mind that in addition to these possibilities can be combined with each other, which
facilitates scalability.
D. Accessories

IP Camera Enclosures

Enclosures are designed to protect your camera from the elements, from vandals or even
extreme conditions. Choices include: Fixed IP Camera or Box

Lenses

The lens is a very important part of the camera. If you don’t have the right lens the resolution
won’t be as good as you expect. A lens is more than just a single piece of glass, it contains an
iris, and multiple lens adjustments that allow it to be focused and the zoom adjusted.
 Network Extenders

Standard Ethernet networks are limited to 100 meters or about 300 ft. If you need to go further
you can add an Ethernet extender. An extender can use standard network wire, phone wire or
even coax cable. It can even provide remote PoE without using remote power

IR Illuminators

Separate illuminators can be added to most day/night IP camera systems. These cameras are
sensitive to the IR spectrum and with the illuminator can create a covert night vision
surveillance system. IR illuminators are selected by range and angle.

Audio Surveillance Microphones

This audio surveillance microphone can be added to any surveillance system with audio input.
The CCTV microphone is typically used as an add-on to CCTV cameras and other types of
security cameras that do not have built-in audio.

E. Advantages & Disadvantages

The benefits of an IP-based system are clear to understand. The whole point of a Video
Surveillance System is to see exactly what is going on. But there are far more benefits than a
crisp digital picture. Below are the top benefits and reasons for why IP-based video
surveillance systems are taking over from analogue CCTV solutions.
Advantages
Advantages:

1. Higher Resolution
IP cameras are digital end to end, and use progressive scanning to make full use of camera
imagers - providing up to 25% more resolution than analog cameras with similar imagers. IP
is also available with Megapixel cameras, delivering super-high resolution images with 30
frames per second of real-time video.

2. Lower Cable Cost

Analog cameras can require up to three cables - video, audio, and power - for each and every
camera. IP cameras can transmit all three (and more) on a single network cable. Even better -
cable is less expensive, a single cable can handle 4-8 or more cameras, and network cable is
probably already wired throughout your building. That results in significant savings.

3. Future Proof
Like computer devices and programs, IP gear is easily updated for new capabilities and
compatibility as technology advances.

4. Reliability/Durability — NAS-based, IP-video surveillance systems have proven to be faster,

more reliable, and every bit as durable as older systems utilizing DVRs and analog cameras.
When you consider all of the inherent advantages of NVRs with RAID data management and
professional hard drives, the move to NVRs combined with IP cameras makes even more
sense.

5. High Speed Recording

Analog cameras will often produce a blurry picture when recording video containing fast
moving objects. IP video provides crisp resolution on every frame enabling effective
investigation of events.

6. Distributed intelligence
These days, a massive amount video is being recorded, but never watched or reviewed due
to lack of time As a result, events and activities are missed, and suspicious behaviors remain
unnoticed. With network video, intelligence has been brought into the camera itself.
Axis network cameras and video encoders have built-in features such as video motion
detection, audio detection alarm, active tampering alarm, I/O (input/output) connections, and
alarm and event management functionalities.

7. Flexibility through ease of installation

One-cable camera installation using Power-over-Ethernet, wireless technologies and the use
of existing network infrastructure and computer hardware create a major pull
for organizations to go IP.

Potential Disadvantages:
Higher initial cost per camera

High network bandwidth requirements: a typical CCTV camera with resolution of 640×480
pixels, 10 frames per second (10 frame/s) and a bit depth of 24-bit (uncompressed) would
require over 73 Mbit/s.

Prone to hack over the internet: As with a CCTV system, if the video is transmitted over the
public Internet rather than a private network / intranet, the system potentially becomes open to
a wider audience including hackers and hoaxers. Criminals can hack into a CCTV system to
observe security measures and personnel, thereby facilitating criminal acts and rendering the
surveillance counterproductive. This can be counteracted by ensuring the network and device
is secured and staying informed on new security methods.
F. IP CAMERA CHARACTERISTICS
The greatest trend in video surveillance systems is switch from analog cameras to the IP
camera. All recordings of the surveillance cameras are digitalized both for viewing and storing
at the computers. However, IP cameras digitalize video signals inside the camera, whereas
the analog cameras require encoder or DVR video signal digitalization IP camera is
composed of lenses, optical filter, CCD sensor, ARTPEC chip performing controling function
and compression chip. CCD sensor (Charge Coupled Device) is a basic element of almost all
contemporary cameras. These are photosensitive elements composing of fine network of
individual pixels. The monitored picture is focused at through an objective on the surface of an
element and an electric signal is generated on it, which is proportional to light intensity falling
upon it. Typical number of pixels for CCD elements range between 250,000 and 500,000
pixels. The greater number of pixels, the higher quality of camera.

Comparison

IP / MEGAPIXEL

If you currently have analog security cameras, you may be limited with the amount of features
you receive, such as digital zoom. You are most likely not seeing as clear an image with your
analog system than you could be with IP/megapixel technology.
Remote viewing, which we’ll touch on below, is also more achievable with IP cameras than it
is with analog.
There are plenty positive aspects to analog security cameras however, such as price and
flexibility of design (and compatibility), but as a business, IP / megapixel security cameras will
provide superior quality and more functionality for the things that are important to you.

WEATHERPROOF / VANDAL RESISTANT

Businesses need video coverage in outdoor areas such as loading docks, parking lots and
parking garages.
In areas of the country such as here in the northeast, weather can be rough—specifically
during winter months. Commercial security cameras can be fitted with weatherproof housings
that actually provide heat by way of a heater and also have a blower.
The housings not only protect the cameras form the elements, but also from vandals.

INFRARED CAPABILITY

Another condition that has to be accounted for with outdoor security cameras is light, or the
lack thereof.
Many cameras that are purchased specifically for the outdoors will have what’s generally
referred to as “nightvision”. This usually means that they have infrared capability. The security
cameras have infrared illuminators that transmit a beam of infrared light sometimes over 100
feet away. They are actually creating light in otherwise dark conditions.
These cameras will also often come with the aforementioned weather-resistant options—they
are often combined as packages with the same commercial security camera suited for the
outdoors.

REMOTE VIDEO MONITORING

This is not only a feature and a service that can be added to your overall video surveillance
system, it’s also a new way to manage and oversee your business from a distance.
As we’ve written about in a recent blog post, this is a must if you’re looking to maximize your
commercial security cameras, reduce costs and increase efficiency.

H. Pricing

I. Summary

IP Video will almost always be more expensive, but the availability of much higher resolution recorded
images makes it a much more powerful system. The ability to digitally zoom in on recorded video makes
identification much more likely.