GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

AMRAVATI
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE OF GOVERNMENT OF
MAHARASHTRA)

A Project Report On
“ARTIFICIAL AIR CLEANER”
Submitted to Government College of Engineering, Amravati
as a Minor Project

Submitted by
Mr. Khan Aqtan Tanveer 17102009
Ms. Aishwarya. P. Balkhande 16002008
Mr. Kartik S. Ingale 16002060
Mr. Moiz S. Essaji 16002024
Mr. Manish . Bhoyar 16002030

Guided by
Dr. S. M. Lawankar
(LECT. IN DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AMRAVATI (2018-2019)
 GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
AMRAVATI
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “ARTIFICIAL AIR CLEANER” is the
bonafide work of third year, Mechanical Engineering students in the
year 2018-2019, who carried out the project work under the guidance
of Dr. S. M. Lawankar.

Submitted by
Mr. Khan Aqtan Tanveer Ms. Aishwarya . Balkhande
Mr. Kartik S. Ingale Mr. Moiz S. Essaji
Mr. Manish. Bhoyar

Guided by Examiner

Dr S. M. Lawankar Prof. R. H. Sarda

(Dept Mechanical Engineering) (Dept Mechanical Engineering)

Dr .A. M. Mahalle Dr. R. S.Dalu

HOD, MECH. ENGG. DEPT. PRINCIPAL, GOVT. ENGG, AMRAVATI
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our great pleasure to place on record our gratitude towards Dr. S. M. Lawankar for
invaluable guidance, continuous encouragement and personal enthusiasm, inspiring us to take
this work and complete the same.
We would like to thank our Head of Dept. Dr.A.M. Mahalle, and the entire Mechanical
engineering Dept. for the kind co-operation extended to one for preparing this project.
At the moment we express our earned sincere thanks to Dr. S. M. Lawankar to express
our deep sense and heart thanks for valuable guidance kind suggestion and discussion with him
proved to be of immense value.
Finally, we would like to acknowledge and express our sincere thanks to one and all
who directly and indirectly linked in making this project a success.

Submitted by
Mr. Aqtan T. Khan 17102009
Ms. Aishwarya. P. Balkhande 16002008
Mr. Kartik S. Ingale 16002060
Mr. Manish. Bhoyar 16002030
Mr. Moiz. S. Essaji 16002024

THIRD YEAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AMRAVATI
 ABSTRACT

The atmosphere which make up the largest fraction of the biosphere, is a dynamic
system that continuously absorbs a wide range of solids, liquids and gases from both natural
and man-made sources.
Today, the natural terrain that surrounds large cities is recognised as having the
significant bearing on the problem of air pollution. It has been found that significantly
increasing volume of particulate matter entering the atmosphere, scatters the incoming sunlight.
A counter acting phenomenon commonly referred to as the ‘Green House Effect’ is caused by
the increasing amounts of carbon dioxide found in the atmosphere.
An inventory of air contaminants is a necessary first step towards control of air
pollution. Air pollutants can be either natural or may be the results of various activities of man
like industrial operations. The contaminants can be either by-products of external combustion
like smoke, dust and sulphur oxides or by-products of internal combustion like the reactions in
petrol and diesel engines.
The solid particulates are produced by crushing, grinding, etc., of organic and inorganic
materials. Generally, they are over 20 microns in diameter, although some are smaller. Flash
from chimneys varies from 80 -3 microns; cement, from 150-10 microns; foundry dust from
200-1 microns. Most of the dust particulates settled to the ground as dust fall. But the particles
10 microns or smaller tend to form stable suspension.
Air filter is used to remove solid particulate. They are large size particulates and fine
size particulates. To remove the particulate matter from atmospheric air varies type of control
equipments are available.
In this project we are removing large size particulates as well as finer particulates less
than10 microns in diameter. Filter constitutes of natural fibrous and fabric material. Natural
fibrous material viz cotton and wool, and fabric material viz Recron are used. A layer of
Activated Charcoal is used for absorbing of organic solvent vapours emitted from Thermal
Power Plant and Chemical industries.
 INDEX
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO
1. INTRODUCTION 7
2. OBJECTIVES 8
3 WORKING PRINCIPLE 9
4 MATERIAL SELECTION
AND OPERATING
CONDITIPON 10
5 DESIGN OF PARTS 12
6 FABRICATION 13
7 CONSTRUCTION 14
8 WORKING 15
9 ANALYSIS 22
10 MERITS AND
LIMATIONS 27
11 COSTING 28
12 APPLICATION 26
13 FUTURE SCOPE 29
14 CONCLUSION 30
15 REFERENCE 31
 LIST OF TABLES
SRNO. TABLE PAGE NO.
1. Natural Fibrous material 10
2. Fabric material 10
3. Costing 25

LIST OF FIGURES
SR NO. FIGURE PAGE NO.
1. Artificial Air Cleaner 9
2. Filter 17
3. Filter &Filtering Net 19
4. Discharge section 21
 1. INTRODUCTION

A particulate air filter is a device composed of fibrous or porous materials which removes
solid particulates such as dust, pollen, mould and bacteria from the air. Filters containing
an absorbent or catalyst such as charcoal may also remove odours and gases pollutants
such as volatile organic compound or ozone.

Air filters are used in applications where air quality is important notably in building
ventilation system and in engines. Some buildings as well as aircrafts and other man-made
environment used foam, pleated paper, or spun fibre glass filter elements. Another
method, air ionisers, use fibres or elements with a static electric charge, which attract dust
particles. The air intakes of internal combustion engines and air compression tend to use
either paper, foam, cotton filters.

Oil bath filters have fallen out of favour. The technology of air intake filters of gas turbines
has improved significantly infect years, due to improvements in the aerodynamics and
fluid dynamics of the air compressor part of the gas turbine.

The solid particulates are produced by crushing, grinding, etc., of organic and
inorganic materials. Generally, they are over 20 microns in diameter, although some are
smaller. Flash from chimneys varies from 80 -3 microns; cement, from 150-10 microns;
foundry dust from 200-1 microns. Most of the dust particulates settled to the ground as
dust fall. But the particles 10 microns or smaller tend to form stable suspension.

In this project we are removing large size particulates as well as finer particulates
less than10 microns in diameter. Filter constitutes of natural fibrous and fabric material.
Natural fibrous material viz cottons and wool, and fabric material viz Recon are used. A
layer of Activated Charcoal is used for absorbing of organic solvent vapours emitted from
Thermal Power Plant and Chemical industries.

AIR POLLUTION
Material Selection

Recron

Cotton
 2. OBJECTIVES

• To reduce particulate matter

-coarse particles
-fine particles
• To reduce unpleasant odour from the air emitted from the industries and vehicles

To reduce organic solvent vapour which emits from processing industries and thermal power plant
 3.WORKING PRINCIPLE

1. Atmospheric air enters into the circular duct with this help of suction fan having
velocity of 2.6 m/sec (calculated).
2. The air enters into the settling chamber in which the particulates matter of size
50 – 100 µm diameter get settle down due to the action of gravity and density
difference of air and particle.
3. Next the air from which large size particulates get removed enters into the filter
which act as affine filter in which fine size particulates less than 10 µm is
removed.
4. Further the air passes through activated charcoal layer and discharge into the
atmospheric air as a cleared air.
 4. MATERIAL SELECTION

1. Polyvinyl chloride
• Thermal conductivity (k) – 0.09 W/m C
• Operating Temperature – 60 C to 100 C
• Resistance to corrosion - High
• Acid resistance – High

2. Natural Fibrous Material

Fibrous Operating Acid Alkaline Abrasion Tensile

Material Temp. Resistance Resistance resistance Strength
(kg/m3)
Cotton 82 C Poor Good Very Good 4920
Wool 93 C Very Good Poor Fair to 1755
Good

3. Fabric Material
3.1 Recron
It is reinforcing fibre that improves properties such as tear, tensile strength,
burst and bulk. It is used as filter paper.

Properties Specification
Cross Section Circular
Diameter 10 to 20 microns
Acid Resistance Excellent
Alkali Resistance Good
Washable Yes
Specific Gravity 1.36
Melting point 240 C to 260 C
Tensile Strength 4000 – 6000 kg/cm2
Moisture Less than 1%
Durability 3 years
table

4. Activated Charcoal
Activated Charcoal are most effective at removing chlorine, particles such as
sediments, volatile organic compounds, taste and order from air. Typical particle size
that can removed by carbon filters range from 0.50 to 50 micrometres. Porosity of
charcoal is high.
 5.Design of parts
1. Circular Duct
• Cross Section
Outside Diameter – 7.5 cm
Inside Diameter - 7 cm
• Length – 45 cm
• Height – 100 cm

2. Filter Net (Plastic netting)

• Diamond Mesh: Biplanar spacers to ½ mm thick
• Thickness of filter – 2 cm

3. Suction Fan
• Cross Section – 3*3 inch
• Thickness - 1 inch
• RPM - 25000
• Blade Description – Cooling Type
• Flow - Axial
• Mass Flow Rate - 37 CFM
• Motor - DC Type

4. Settling Chamber
• Height – 7 cm
• Length – 14 cm
• Shape – Cylindrical and Conical
• Conical Height Hopper – 12 cm
5. Exhaust Fan
• Cross section – 3*3inch
• Thickness - 1 inch
• RPM - 25000
• Blade Description – Cooling Type
• Flow - Axial
• Mass Flow Rate - 37 CFM
• Motor - DC Type
 6.FABRICATION
Operations done
a) Cutting
b) Grinding
c) Fitting
d) Sticking

1. Providing plastic net to inlet chamber by sticking it with the help of tape.
2. Fitting the suction fan at the inlet chamber in such a way that there should not be
leakage on the surfaces.
3. Providing switches and batteries of 9 volt as power supply to suction fan.
4. 90° elbow of 75mm diameter is used at the inlet and at the bottom of discharge pipe.
5. m-seal, silicon sealant and solvent cement is used for PVC pipes wind fittings.
6. Reducer at the end of discharge pipe is fitted which is of 75-90 mm diameter.
7. Grinding is done to finish the entire surfaces of PVC pipes.

Filter fabrication
• Filter is fabricated by using the operations such as cutting plastic net, sticking it to one
section of small width and diameter pipe inserting recron, wool and cotton inside it
and covering it with plastic net.
• The thickness of filter is 2cm and 72mm in diameter.

Fabrication of settling chamber

1. T of PVC material is used which is having length of cm and diameter cm.
2. The height of settling chamber is maintained at cm.
3. Using with section of bottle as a setting chamber or hopper which act as a storage.

Activated charcoal layer fabrication

1. For forming a layer structure which is completely enclosed we use bathroom net in
which activated charcoal is placed in solid form.
2. The bathroom net is attached at the end of discharge pipe with the help of solvent
cement and silicone sealant.
3. All the fittings of pipe are based upon the use of PVC solvent cement.
4. Cables, switches and 9V batteries are used for supply to the suction and exhaust fan.
 7.CONSTRUCTION

It consists of following components:

1. Inlet chamber
2. Suction fan
3. Settling chamber and hopper
4. Filter
5. Activated charcoal layer
6. Discharge pipe
7. Exhaust fan
8. Cables and switches
9. Power batteries of 9V
10. 2 elbows of 90° 75mm diameter
11. 1 PVC-T 75mm diameter
12. Cut section of bottle named as Hopper
13. Fabrication

Air Cleaner
 8.WORKING
Inlet Chamber
• This is the path from which the atmospheric air enters into the system.
• It is covered with a thick layer of net made of plastic or fiber material to resist large size
particles (in mm).
• The air is sucked with the help of suction fan.
• The plastic net provided is of diamond meshing plastic wire.

Inlet Chamber
 BLOWER
• The blower acts as a suction fan to suck the atmospheric air. The desired velocity achieved and
the air is released into the system inside the duct passage.
• The temperature is maintained below the atmospheric air temperature as we are using cooling
fan.
• The Suction Fan blades are made up of smooth plastic material which is dust proof and
resistance to corrosion. The inbuilt with DC motor having 2500 rpm.
• The volume covered by suction fan is 21.9 CFM. Further the air enters in the settling chamber.

Suction Fan
 SETTLING CHAMBER
• The settling chamber is the simplest type of equipment used for the collection of solid
particulates.
• It consists of chamber which allows large size particulates to settle down of the moving
stream under the action of gravity.
• The heavy solid particulates settle down on the base of chamber and are removed through
hoppers.

Settling Chamber
 Filter
• At the end of settling chamber, there is a filter.
• The filter is made up of natural fabric material such as cotton and wool having a layer of
thickness 1 cm in duct.
• Selection of filter media depends on:
- Temperature resistance
- Chemical reactivity
- Abrasion resistance

• Removing particle sizes smaller than 10µ in diameter.

 FILTER

Filter & Filtering net

 Activated Charcoal layer

• The activated charcoal layer is placed at the bottom of discharge pipe.

• The activated charcoal should be in a rigid large shaped manner such that it reacts with the
entering air.
• The air reacts with active charcoal and reduce organic solvent vapor.
• Used to combat volatile organic compounds.
• Used to reduce tobacco smoke, solder fumes, etc.
Further the air gets discharges through the discharge pipe, it acts as a tree.
 Discharge Section
The air from which solid particulates, fine particulates and organic solvent vapours get
removed further passes to the discharge section.
The discharge section consists of discharge pipe and exhaust fan.
The exhaust fan removes the air which get trapped inside the circular duct.
The cleaned air is released to the atmosphere.

Discharge Section
 9.ANALYSIS
VELOCITY OF AIR ENTERINNG INTO THE SYSTEM

Suction Fan = 2500 rpm

Volume Covered = 21.9 CFM (cubic feet / minute)

Diameter of duct = 70mm

Area of duct = π/4 × 𝑑 2

= π/4 × 0.07
=3.84 × 10−3 m^2

21.9×0.30483
21.9 CFM = m^3/sec
60
= 0.01 𝑚3 /sec

We know

Area × Velocity = Discharge

3.84 × 10^-3 × Velocity = 0.01 m^3/sec
Velocity = 2.60 m/sec

Therefore, velocity of air = 2.60 m/sec

 Analysis for Settling Chamber

A particle entering the chamber at the top will be collected by the chamber, if its
settling time is same time the air takes to pass through the chamber.

ℎ 𝐿
Thus, =
𝑉𝑠 𝑉

ℎ ×𝑉
Vs = ………. 1
𝐿

Where,
L = Length of Chamber
V = Horizontal Velocity of Carrier air
Vs = Settling velocity of particulates
h = Height through which Particulates travel before settling down

By Stokes Law,

𝑔×( ꝭ𝑝 − ꝭ ) × 𝐷
Vs = ………. 2
18× µ
Where,
D = diameter of Particle in meter
g = Acceleration due to gravity
ꝭp = density of particle
ꝭ = density of air
µ = Dynamic viscosity of air

D = Diameter of particle in meter = 100 µm = 1 × 10^-4 m

At 30 C
ͦ of air
g = 9.81
ꝭp = 1.25 kg/m^3
ꝭ = 1.164 kg/m^3
µ = 1.872 × 10^-5 kg/m-sec

Now,
𝑔×( ꝭ𝑝− ꝭ )×𝐷
Settling velocity =
18×µ
= {9.81× (1.25 – 1.164) × (1 × 10^-4)}/ {18× 1872×10^-5}
Vs = 0.25 m/sec
Hence, if we increase the diameter of particle the settling velocity increases.
Taking
D = 2×10^-4 m = 200 µm
 Analysis for Settling Chamber

Therefore,
Vs = {9.81× (1.25 – 1.164) × (1×10^-4)} / {18 ×1.872 × 10^-5}
Vs = 0.5 m/sec

Hence the settling velocity of particle is Vs = 0.5 m/sec

 Analysis for Activated Charcoal
Activated carbon is a micro porous inert carbon matrix with a very large internal
surface (700 to 1500 𝑚2 /g). The internal surface is ideal for adsorption. Activated
carbon is made from materials containing amorphous carbon, such as wood, coal,
peat, coconut shells, etc.

The gas stream is passed through the activated carbon, where the to be
removed components bend with the activated carbon via adsorption.

An adsorption capacity of 20 – 25g solvent per 100g activated carbon be

adsorbed during effective adsorption.

In this case we are placing 50g of activated carbon. So, for this 10 to 12.5 g of solvent
is adsorbed.
 10.COSTING

Sr no. Name Quantity Rate Cost in Rs.

1. CPU fan (3× 3 inch) 2 50 100
2. Elbow PVC 90 ͦ 2 35 70
PVC tee 1 45 45
4. Plastic net 1feet 30 30
PVC (S0lvent 50ml) 1 15 15
6. M seal solvent 2 30 60
7. C PVC solvent 2 30 60
8. frame (cutter) 1 5 5
9. Fevi kwik 1gm 3 5 15
10. PVC pipe 75mm 3 feet 15 45
11. Bathroom net 1 10 10
12. West coupling 1 20 20
13. Insulation tape 2 10 20
14. Reducer (75- 90mm) 1 40 40
15. Switch 2 3 6
16. Battery 4 20 60
17. Absorbent cotton wool 1 40 40
18. Recron 50g 1 10 10
19. Battery cover 2 5 10
20. Fevicol 2 10 20
21. Colour coating tape 6 8 48
22. Plastic net 10 feet 1.5 1.5
23. Activated charcoal100gm 1 10 10
24. Foundation 1 200 200

Total 954
table
 11.ADVANTAGES
• Minimizes the amount of pollutants in air
• Provides ecofriendly environment
• Light in weight
• Cheap in cost

DISADVANTAGES
• Requires high maintenance
• Not apt for rainy season
 12.APPLICATIONS

1. Hospital premises
2. Thermal power plants
3. Paper mills
4. Next to roadways
5. Cement factory
6. Petroleum operation
7. Chemical industries
8. Steel plants
9. Mineral processing
10. Food industry
 13.Scope for future work
In view of the importance of many metrological factors and topographical factors
besides the stack geometry and also in view of the increased available memory
capacities of digital computers, there is no reason why we should not take up the
numerical method of solution of problem of atmospheric pollution thereby avoiding any
unnecessary simplification of the problem.
 14.CONCLUSION
Air is an important part of our life which is getting polluted day by day. To reduce some
pollutants, we have produced such a device in contrast to reduce pollutants from
atmospheric air.
 REFERENCE
• Air Pollution: -M N RAO
-H V N RAO
• Green Power: Eco Friendly Energy Engineering - Nikolai. V.
Khartchenko