A Position Paper on K-12 Program

Introduction

The Department of Education (DepEd) has a program which is the K-12 program that covers
kindergarten and 12 years of basic education to provide sufficient time for mastery of concept, skills,
develop lifelong learners , and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle level skills,
development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

According to Hawsnetph(2016), K-12 program is one of the most recent update in the education
system of the country(Philippines).

K-12 program aims to improve every Filipino child with the education he\she needs to compete in
global context. The goal of new Curriculum is to give Filipino students enough time to master skills and
concept so that they are ready for tertiary education when the time comes. And enhancing the quality
of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical. But some of Filipino’s people react about the
implemented program because parent’s have to shell out more money for the education of their
children, the drop-out rate will increase because the Filipino’s students do not have interest to go to
school because of 2 extra years, and every family dreams of having a child graduates from college and it
will not come true because of K-12 program we’re some of Filipino’s disagree because it’s wasting time
and money.The K-12 program give a quality education and enhance the skills but it’s a problem of
Filipino,we’re Filipino student’s do not have interest to go in school.

Counter Argument

1.The poor quality of basic education in the Philippines is reflected in the low achievement scores of
Filipino’s student’s.

=No!!!That’s not true. The quality of education in the Philippines is not poor because it’s helps the
student’s, teacher’s, and parent’s to make their dreams come true. The education of the Philippines was
a high quality and it has a good goal which Filipino student’s achieve their dreams. Now!!! If the new
curriculum will implemented the number of population of student’s will decrease because of the new
curriculum and they have no interest to study and go to school and the low achievement scores of
Filipino student’s is not reflect the poor quality of education in the Philippines.

3.The K-12 program give Filipino student’s enough time to master their skills and concept.

=No!!! The old curriculum of education give time to Filipino student’s to master their skills and
concepts ,So the K-12 program focuses on the skills and concept of Filipino student’s which is not good
because it has on old curriculum that master the skills and concept of Filipino student’s and K-12
program is not important because the education of the old curriculum was a high quality and I am fully
disagree with the K-12 program because it will decrease the number of population of student’s and
parent’s shell out more money for food, money(allowance), and transportation of student’s.
My Argument

If the K-12 program implemented the number of population will decrease and the drop-out will
increase because student’s do not have time to go in school and to study.

According to IsaganiCruz(2014), The drop-out will increase because of the extra 2 years.

The 2 extra years of Education was wasting time and money because parent’s shell out more money for
students because of K-12 program.

According to IsaganiCruz(2014), Parent’s have to shell out more money (for food and transportation) of
their children.

The K-12 program was destructing in studying of student’s because it has a lot of requirements.

According to isaganiCruz(2014), we can do it in ten years what everyone else in the world takes 12 years
to do. Why do we have to follow what the rest of the world is doing? We are better than all of them.
Filipino right now are accepted in prestigious graduate schools in the world ,even with only ten years of
basic education.

Conclusion

The K-12 program was wasting time and money. And it is has a big negative impact on our society today.
If the K-12 program we’re implemented the student’s do not have time to go to school and do not have
interest to study because it added 2 years of study.

The K-12 program must be stopped. We Filipino must have a rally about the K-12 program and we must
go to the government to stopped this program and give all the quality of education to the old curriculum
and I encourage everyone to have a plan or make a blog\group that against the program of the
government because it is not important. It will destruct the study of Filipino student’s and we go to
government specially to the Department of Education(DepEd)to stopped this program.
A Position Paper on Issue about the two child policy

Introduction

This topic is all about two child policy. A two child policy is a government imposed limit of two child
policy allowed per family or the payment of government subsidies only to the first two child .

The goal of two child policy help to ease the over population problems, Certain Exception are in place. A
widely accepted policy but their a negative to implement the two child police which is abortion and
infanticide rate climb, major gender Imbalance. It depends to the parents on how them to produce child
and must be fully responsible.

Two child policy is not enough for the family in every household, because they want more two child, and
to control the parents to produce more than five ,but they must be in a family planning

Two child policy is not way nor a solution to the rapidly increasing of population in the Philippines. It is
an agreement that can destroy freedom and fulfillment of every couple to produce their own family.

Counter Argument

1.The two child policy helps to ease the over population problem.

=No!!!That’s not true. The two child policy is not the way to solve the problem of population, it’s family
planning ,they don’t have a right to implement the two child policy .

2. Certain Exception are in place. - No!!! The government have no right to decide about the child ,if the
couple cut the rules, they have no right because only the family will decide about how many child that
they produce

My Argument

If the two child policy is implemented ,abortion and Infanticide rates climb, because they are follow the
rules of the government which is wrong ,So I fully disagree to implement the two child policy.

Major gender imbalance will occur if the two child policy will implemented because parent’s/couple
mostly have a baby boy. So the population of male will increase and the population of a female will
decrease because of this law.

High pressure for the child was not be a concerned because we all know that’s parent’s have a
responsibilities to care the child.

Conclusion: Two child policy will not be implemented because it abuse the right of a couple to produce
more children. The only way is to produce more children. Instead of implement that kind of law. The
government will give some financial to the fa
A Position Paper on Issue about the K to 12 program

Introduction

K to 12 is about the students where in they have or they must study or learn to the K to 12 stages. It’s a
stage that consider us as 1st year college and 2nd year college for the grade 12. The K to 12 program is
important to those students that pass the high school level, they were enter this level so that they were
learn more or advanced more learning from college topics. If they can pass on K to 12 level they can
continue their study to a college level where in they reserve another four years of study. K to 12 is very
helpful for those students because they can get more knowledge or they can get advanced topic from
college and also they can improve their skills, performance , and etc. however some of the students
have a problem because of allowances.

Counter Argument

1.The k to 12 program is wasting time and money and k to 12 program was a problem of our society
today.

=No!!!It’s not true..it can developed our skills.

2.K to 12 is decreasing the number of population of students and they have no interest to go to school
or study.

=No!!!That’s not true, it encouraging everyone to go to school.

3.K to 12 don’t have a project for classroom.

=No!!! Actually the government has a budget for classroom and equipment for the school.

My Argument

I agree for k to 12 program because the student/s can learn new things.

I agree with that because it is more good to individual of students.

Conclusion

I conclude the k to 12 program was important because they can get more knowledge and to improve
their studies to their life.
A position paper on: Extra Judicial killing

Introduction

Extra Judicial killing was the main problem of our modern days. It should be considered a “Breach
of fundamental rights and freedom.” And this is the reason why U.N and pres. Rodrigo RoaDuterte has a
conflict in terms of investigating the rampant crime happening on the platforms of our president
Duterte which is “War on Drugs”. Extra Judicial killing was the antagonist of Human Rights that forsake
the rights and freedom of every person that living peacefully in our country, and Extra Judicial Killing was
the killing of a person by governmental authorities without the sanction of any legal process. Pres,
Rodrigo Duterte has another antagonist in terms of how he managed his platforms on “War on Drugs’.
The catholic religion that disagree on the leadership of our President Duterte, in the side of our catholic
religion, no one can`t have a right to kill another life. In terms of it is ‘sacred”, that has a big important to
our Catholic Religion.Extra Judicial killing was the hottest issue in our modern days, and it is the effect of
the platforms of our President which is “War on Drugs”.

Counter Argument-- Yes, I agree Extra Judicial Killing, because for me, criminal who has a sinned or
committed crimes against innocent people have no right to live, because they ruin the life of others for
no reason.

Because, you say no, you don`t agree, what if it will happen to you, what will you do? What do you
want government to do that criminal who was kill your love ones? Will you say, please don`t kill that cr
But, Extra Judicial killing can prevent the criminality and abusive power of people, because it can be
iminal because we have Human Rights? Oh come on, look further.

Argument-- No, I disagree of Extra Judicial Killing, because a people who has committed a sinned has a
right to trial and regret he/she sinned by being penitentiary, not the way of killing someone, because no
one has no right to kill another life.

But, killing is not the way to judge the life of every person, because if you kill a life, you are also a
criminal that killing a life without the process of law, because in our country we have a law of
“Democracy” that all person has an equality.

Conclusion

I conclude, that Extra Judicial killing is not a right way to judge the life of every person, because we have
a policy or law to the person who committed crimes, they might be going on process and going to be
accuse before they go on the house that no one has no freedom to use their right being Pilipino people,
this is the house of imprisoned that they have to trial their committed sinned and this is the reason why
other people has a process to change on their past life.

I conclude, that no one has no right to kill another life, because a people who committed a sinned, they
has a right to trial before of accusing of our governmental authorities like, killing murdering and etc.
A Position Paper on Martial Law in Mindanao

Introduction

At 10:00 p.m. on May 23, 2017 amid on Maute group related escalation on conflict in Mindanao as
well as recent clashes in Marawi between the armed forces of the Philippines and the Islamic group,
Phippine President Rodrigo Duterte placed the whole Mindanao, including Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi,
under martial law. The proclamation was announced during a process briefing held in Moscow, where
Duterte was official visit the state of martial law will be in effect for 60 days. Presidential Spokesperson
Enesto Abella, said that declaration was possible given the existence of rebellion whole foreign secretary
Allan Peter Cayetano explain that the step was taken with the safety, the living , and property of the
people of Mindanao of mind.

Proclamation of Martial Law in Mindanao was good our country to become safe and fight those
people who wants to destroy our country and to have a peace in whole Philippines. But the other people
was disagree with the proclamation of martial law in Mindanao because there is a lot of innocent people
died. It doesn’t mean that the war is only in Marawi , martial law in only in Mindanao it needs to be in
whole Philippines in order for the safety of other place in Philippines.

Counter Argument

Only in the mist dire situation, perhaps in the wake of a totally epic disaster should martial law be
employed to keep some order and protect people.

Martial law can be good to our country to become one of the safest and disciplined country.

Declaration of martial law in Mindanao believes that there should be a mechanism to ensure that the
implementation would not violate human right.

Martial law is crisis in Marawi as a clear case rebellion. Martial law rule will help confine the fighting.

Argument

I’m Con of this issue because it will lead to move death and destruction, it will attract more recruits
and disaffected people to the extremist fringes

The problem with this is we are know that having peace is cannot be done over right and it is a very
complicated problem. It is more appropriate solution if he just declared Martial law in Marawi City and
in the surrounding area where the battle is still happening.

Conclusion

When I look what martial law would entail I fail to see any things good that would come out of out. I
disagree, I think that with the right action there would be plenty of way to fight terrorism without
forcing the citizen to give up their right, I will say at the moment I can’t really think of many good ways
that the government would fight a large terrorism.
A Position Paper on Same sex Marriage

Introduction

The NAACP (NationalAssociationfor theadvancementofcoloredpeople) on May 21, 2012

named sex marriage as “One of the key civil rights truggles of our time. In 1967 the US supreme Court
unanimously confirmed in loving V. Virginia that marriage is “ One of basic civils of man The white
website lists same sex marriage amongst a selection of civil right along with the freedom from
employment discrimination equal pay for women and fair sentencing for minority criminals. Philippines
is a country where the people are predominantly Christian specifically the Roman Catholic. The
government has a power to enforce laws even without the consent of the church. Since the government
and the church are separated here in the Philippines. Because of the strong influenced made by the
church. There are debates and amendment in the social and political climate of the Philippines. And the
issue about the legalization of same sex marriage is the one biggest problem that a Christian’s Country
liked the Philippines facing today. Marriage runs country to two of the primary goals of the lesbian and
gay movement. The affirmation gay identify culture and the validation of many form of relationship.

Same sex marriage. Same sex marriage can lessen the population but it is a sin of a lord’s law.

COUNTER ARGUMENT

Same sex marriage in the Philippines primarily because this is a right of every Pilipino LGBT. Marriage
firmly believe is fundamental right whatever you are LGBT or not. Marriage must be available to who
want if actually. Same sex marriage is not a religiousue it is human right issue.

I am favor of same sex marriage because we know that all people can love, because love has known
gender and I know that every people have a right to love whatever you are a LGBT.

According to the bible in levuticos 18:22 state “thou shalt not lie with mankind as with woman it is
abnomination”thus condemring homosexual relation. In Islamic tradition several habits (Passage
Attributed to the priphet Muhammad) Conderm gay and lesbian relationship. There’s a saying that
“when the man mounts another man. The throne of god shakes and sihig (lesbian sex) the women is
Zina. (illegitimate Sexual Intercourse).

ARGUMEN

I am not agree the same sex marriage base god create woman for the man

CONCLUSION

I conclude that same sex marriage is not good because base on the bible god create man and women
because man can partner the women to create family and man can marriage women that’s why I am not
agree the same sex marriage.
A Position Paper on the Integrating Technology in the Classroom

Introduction:

As we look today at what is happening with technology and what the future promise in classrooms
across the country, we see that some of the most innovative and compromising practices in education
involve technology. It’s not secret that using technology in the classroom, in K-12 and in higher
education, has been a controversial debate for the last couple of decades. Parents, teachers, policy
makers, and students alike have weighed and argued the potential benefits versus the risks and
consequences of classroom technology, not only referring to the devices many students personally own,
but also when referring to the integration of tools into the every education experience.

Use of technology in the classroom considerable increase in educational program that incorporate
technology into the curriculum but it has a negative impact which is using gadgets inside the class.

Counter Argument:

It’s distracting those students who have a tablet or computer in front of the teacher during a lesson are
going to be tempted to play instead of listening.

Technology cannot be distraction because using technology in the classroom allows you to experiment
more pedagogy. Students can learn life skills through technology. Technology can increase student
engagement, when used well and woven through a lesson by skilled teacher.

Technology may not be utilized to the fullest. In order for technology to be used effectively in the
classroom, teachers must be trained on how to incorporate it into their lesson planning well, weaving
their instruction around the use of technology.

I agree that it is not utilized to the fullest because not all the time we need technology but technology is
a part of modern life. A teacher goal is to develop students who are prepared for life as an adult and
today’s adult world is one that utilizes technology.

Teachers fear adding more screen time. Todays students are getting for more screen time then they
should have. According to the Common Sense Census:Media use by Tweens and Teens Study, students
ages 8 through 12 spend an average of six hours of time daily on screens for entertainment.

Argument:

Students and teachers can access in information at any time.

When old-school teachers were students, they had to spend hours in the library looking for the
information they needed. Today’s technology integration makes everything different and simpler.
Students can easily access newspapers, scientific articles and studies.

Educational technology is good to the government.

Educational technology is good to the government because teachers can instruct their students to take
online tests and submit their papers and home work through email.

Technology makes teaching easy.

Technology makes teaching easy because technology has a power. You can use projectors and
computers presentation to deliver any type of lesson or instruction and improve the level of
comprehension within the class.

Conclusion:

I therefore conclude that integrating technology can help us to enhance our learning and skills. And can
help us to do our task easily and simpler.
A position paper on Same Sex Marriage

Introduction

Same sex marriage defined and explained with examples. Same sex marriage is the state or condition
of being married to another person of the same gender. Same sex marriage (also known as gay
marriage). It’s also a marriage between people of the same sex, either as a secular civil ceremony or in
religion setting. Same sex marriage or a homo sexual marriage. This kind of marriage is a ceremonial
union of two people of the same sex or a relationship between two woman or two man.Same-sex
demonstrates though deemed immoral but is respect the fundamental rights of equality and non-
discrimination it should be enshrined in Philippines law

Counter Argument

Catholic faith, same sex marriage which is a marriage between two people with the same biological
genders inexcusable because base on the Bible it’s says, “women is created for a man” (Corinthians 6:9-
10) same sex marriage is form of immorality and the God will not let this happen to his people it this
issue of same sex marriage will become legalized the image a dominant duration country of the
Philippines will be destroyed.

Yes, I’m not agree to approved the same sex marriage here in our country because I believed what the
Bible says a man is for a woman and woman also for a man.

According to the President Rodrigo RoaDuterte on his campaign promises that he want to push for
legalization of same sex marriage, Allowing same sex marriage would enable gays and lesbians in the
Philippines to marry the person they love and could strengthen everyone’s right perspective broadening
civil marriage to couples of the same sex marriage demonstrates respect for the fundamental rights of
equality and nondiscrimination it should be enshrined in Philippines law.

Argument

I’m favor of the same sex marriage in the Philippines primarily because of this is a right of every Filipino
LGBT community.

Marriage, I firmly believe, is fundamental right. Whether you are LGBT or not marriage is not a religious
issue it is a humans’ right issue.

I agree on same sex marriage because everyone has a right to LOVE.

Conclusion

I conclude same sex marriage is the Philippines in not yet legalized by our President. But for me same
sex marriage is a marriage between two man and two woman or what we call guys and lesbians
sometimes we treat them like an animal we always discriminate or bully. To help them, I agree on same
sex marriage to stop the discrimination that they got now.
A position paper on Same Sex Marriage

Introduction

Same sex marriage defined and explained with examples. Same sex marriage is the state or condition
of being married to another person of the same gender. Same sex marriage (also known as gay
marriage). It’s also a marriage between people of the same sex, either as a secular civil ceremony or in
religion setting. Same sex marriage or a homo sexual marriage. This kind of marriage is a ceremonial
union of two people of the same sex or a relationship between two woman or two man.Same-sex
demonstrates though deemed immoral but is respect the fundamental rights of equality and non-
discrimination it should be enshrined in Philippines law

Counter Argument

Catholic faith, same sex marriage which is a marriage between two people with the same biological
genders inexcusable because base on the Bible it’s says, “women is created for a man” (Corinthians 6:9-
10) same sex marriage is form of immorality and the God will not let this happen to his people it this
issue of same sex marriage will become legalized the image a dominant duration country of the
Philippines will be destroyed.

Yes, I’m not agree to approved the same sex marriage here in our country because I believed what the
Bible says a man is for a woman and woman also for a man.

According tothe President Rodrigo RoaDuterte on his campaign promises that he want to push for
legalization of same sex marriage, Allowing same sex marriage would enable gays and lesbians in the
Philippines to marry the person they love and could strengthen everyone’s right perspective broadening
civil marriage to couples of the same sex marriage demonstrates respect for the fundamental rights of
equality and nondiscrimination it should be enshrined in Philippines law.

Argument

I’m favor of the same sex marriage in the Philippines primarily because of this is a right of every Filipino
LGBT community.

Marriage, I firmly believe, is fundamental right. Whether you are LGBT or not marriage is not a religious
issue it is a humans’ right issue.

I agree on same sex marriage because everyone has a right to LOVE.

Conclusion

I conclude same sex marriage is the Philippines in not yet legalized by our President. But for me same
sex marriage is a marriage between two man and two woman or what we call guys and lesbians
sometimes we treat them like an animal we always discriminate or bully. To help them, I agree on same
sex marriage to stop the discrimination that they got now.
A Position Paper on Illegal Recruitment on OFW

Introduction

Filipino leave to work overseas every single day, father, mother, siblings or even an entire family.
They go work abroad to secure a better job, and given also a better life for their family, they work
abroad for the big amount of salary compare here in our country, they work hard and sacrifice to give
everything needs and wants of the family, of course to secure the education of their child . They work
abroad even it is against to their will, they grab the opportunity to work outside of the country for the
sake of the family. Because they don’t want to experience what they’ve experience before , they suffer
everything, loneliness, alone far away from home. It takes a year before they can back again here in our
country. Manila Philippines- When Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) leave to work abroad, view this as
necessary sacrifice to provide a better life for their families. Over the year, the number of OFWs , has to
continue to climb. According to the commission on Filipino Overseas, there were about 10 Million
Filipinos Working Abroad s of 2013. The process of securing working abroad is not easy talk and workers
can easily task and workers can easily fail victim to illegal recruitment schemes. According to
rmniloilo.net, there are many reasons Filipino work abroad. Whether its their first choice or just forced
to do so. Living the country mean detachment from family member and being contented with long
distance calls, SMS or instant messaging conversation also means depriving oneself of guiding children
and watch them grow. Overseas like OFW take considerable amount of risk when they travel and work
abroad, sacrifice a lot of order to give a better life for their families. They are heroes in their own right
because they live to help their families and sometimes even other people they do not even know but are
in need of their help.

Counter Argument

Illegal recruitment on OFW , is the easy way to go abroad, it takes a few day and months to
process all the requirement for taking the passport etc… as long as youe have a big amount to fasten the
process through the illegal recruitment on the OFW’s. No more problem to solve if you are already on
the country you work.

Lito Soriono said OFW will be able to secure overseas employment 2 months fasten through the
illegal process than through the proper channels.

According to the 2013 commission for Pilipino overseas compendium of statistics, there are
around 1.34 million undocumented Pilipino migrant workers, a number the government wishes to
shrink. Loveto ‘Lito’ Soriano, an advocate ethical

Loreto, recruitment believes time is crucial for a would be migrant worker badly in need of a
foreign job placement this makes the “speedier” illegal recruiter a viable option in the eyes of the
worker. It is Lito Soriano, an advocate of ethical recruitment, says on OFW is able to secure job abroad 2
months faster through illegal channel.
Argument

I am Pro to this Illegal recruitment is a very dangerous process to work abroad, your life is in
the middle of danger, half of it is the change if you can survive in case of happen something in crime,
thief ethic that may cause of you prison or death. Life of OFW is not easy so ? to be avoid on the illegal
recruitment to have to make sure that your on POEA to make sure that you are allow to travel abroad
things to know and avoid in illegal recruitment service and prevent you in the danger. According to the
Philippine overseas employment admiration or (POEA) this is the things to do to avoid on applying illegal
recruit.

Do not apply at recruitment agencies not licensed by POEA

Do not deal with licensed agencies without job orders

Do not deal with any person who is not an authorized representative of a licensed agency.

Any act of canvassing, listing, contracting, utilizing, hiring or procuring workers and includes referring,
contract services, promising or advertising for employment abroad, weather for profit or, not when
undertaken by a non license or non holder of authority contemplated under art 13(F) of presidential
Decree No. 442, as amended otherwise know as the labor Code of the Philippines Provide , that any
such non license or non holder who, in any manner or promises for a fee employment abroad to two or
more person shall be deemed so engaged. (Sec 6 RA 8042) immigration consultancy agencies and
similar intities which are based locally are required to obtained a license accordance with the guideline
as provided for in part II , Role I, Sec 1 and 2 secs. 1 to 5 of the 2002 POEA and regulation, before may
engage in recruitment and placement activities , regardless of the visa under which deployment shall be
made eventually. A punishment for illegal recruitment, Republic Act No. 10022 states that any person
found of illegal recruitment shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment of not less than twelve(12) years
and one(1) day but not more than twenty (20) years and a fine of not less than One Million pesos
(1,000,000,00) or no more Two Million pesos(2,000,000,00).

CONCLUSION

Beware of those recruiter who treat you better and encouraging you to work abroad with a
simply way of speaking, avoid applying on illegal agency. Make sure that you work abroad to find a
better job, good relation to the employer and enough salary. And you are license to travel abroad,
because their a lot of people have been fooled by the illegal recruiter, so you should be apply in the
correct process as a OFW .
Concept Paper
Poverty, Inequality and Violence:

is there a human rights response?

documents of the international conference

An International Conference to respond to the question,

How can we prevent or reduce violence, including torture, by acting on the root causes found in
violations of economic, social and cultural rights?

The International Conference “Poverty, Inequality and Violence, is there a human rights response?” will
take place from Tuesday 4 October to Thursday 6 October 2005 at the Geneva International Conference
Centre in Geneva, Rue de Varembé 15, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. More details are provided
below.

The Conference is part of a wider project being carried out by the World Organization Against Torture
(OMCT) within the framework of the Geneva International Academic Network (GIAN) and with the
financial support of the GIAN, the Dutch Foundation ICCO, the Fondation des droits de l’homme au
travail and the Swiss Federal Government (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation).

The project is aimed at examining the causal connection between inequalities, poverty, violations of
economic, social and cultural rights and violence. Violence in the context of the project is understood in
its broad sense as state sponsored (torture, summary executions, disappearances, etc.), social and
domestic violence. The project’s ultimate objective is to identify specific actions which the various actors
can take to reduce violence by acting on its economic, social and cultural root causes.

The Conference will base its work on a study currently being carried out by OMCT as part of the project.
More details on this study are provided below.

The context

The fight against torture, summary executions, forced disappearances and other cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment within the international human rights framework has essentially developed
through the denunciation of cases, the establishment of a normative system, as well as through the
search for mechanisms - legal or other - that enable adequate protection and reparation of victims to be
guaranteed.

These efforts have brought about significant improvements. Today, for instance, torture is defined and
prohibited by international instruments with universal scope as well as by specific legislation in a
number of countries. Further, national, regional and international institutions endeavour to prevent and
punish torture, as well as to compensate the victims.
Shifting emphasis in the fight against torture; the need to look at root causes

Nevertheless, a very large number of individuals are still subjected to torture, ill-treatment, forced
disappearances and summary executions. Furthermore, the cases that are being reported and
documented are no longer so much the result of imposed ideologies, but rather, increasingly come as
the consequence of growing social tensions, which often lead to violent clashes. This paradigm change
requires a new look at how we combat torture and other forms of violence.

Deep socio-economic imbalances, poverty and the growing number of excluded who see their absolute
and relative income diminishing, depriving them of their basic needs, cause frustration and produce
such tensions. Claims for basic economic, social and cultural rights, in turn, are often met with severe
repression, as they endanger a system based on privileges, whose beneficiaries do not want to abandon
their favoured positions. As a result, the overwhelming majority of those who are being subjected to
torture and ill-treatment are, today, persons that come from the poorest strata of society.

Similarly, the violence perpetrated against women and children is significantly influenced by their socio-
economic marginalisation. Indeed, violence against children mostly affects socially and economically
marginalised minors (often street children or working children). Similarly, violence affecting women is
often related to their socio-economic role in societies where they are often considered as second-class
individuals. This violence is often not recognised by States as being part of their responsibility.

While the impact of socio-economic factors on the emergence of violence has already been the subject
of much research, the question has not been approached from a human rights perspective. In other
words, the relationship between the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights and violations of
civic and political rights -- such as the right to life and the protection against torture -- still needs to be
examined.

The study

The first part of this project consists of a study being carried out by OMCT and which will form the basic
working document of the Conference. The study contains an extensive (84 page) academic analysis
investigating the correlations between violence and socio-economic inequalities based on information
from a total of 63 countries and using survey data from the People’s Security Survey of the ILO’s InFocus
Programme on Socio-Economic Security. A further paper deals with the relation of women’s access to
resources and domestic violence in South Africa and another examines the relationship between
economic recession and violence as they affect developed countries.

The study also includes an in depth analysis of the human rights situation in five countries (Argentina,
Egypt, Nepal, South Africa and Uzbekistan) together with case studies examining specific instances in
those countries of the relationship between violations of economic, social and cultural rights and
violence prepared in collaboration with a national human rights partner in each country.
Further, the study will examine how selected international human rights mechanisms and selected
international institutions and development and financial agencies approach the issue.

The Conference

The Conference will provide the occasion for a critical review of the study and its conclusions. It will be
an opportunity to agree that failure to respect economic, social and cultural rights and the resulting
inequality and poverty can cause or contribute to violence, including torture. The study should also lead
to a better understanding of how well national and international authorities, including international
human rights bodies and international financial and development institutions understand this
relationship and how adequately they react.

Finally, the Conference will be asked to propose ways in which the wide range of actors involved can
contribute to the elimination of violence, including torture, by promoting respect for economic, social
and cultural rights. Particular attention will be given to how a network of national NGOs, such as the
OMCT SOS-Torture Network, can respond to the need to act on the economic, social and cultural root
causes of violence.
 CONCEPT PAPER
FISHERIES AND POVERTY

Promoting the Contribution of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and the Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries in Poverty Alleviation

Introduction

Combating and eradicating poverty is one of the principal priorities of the international community. The
1995 UN World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen 6-12 March 1995) expressed the
commitment to this goal as an ethical, social, political and economic imperative of humankind. The UN
Millennium Declaration adopted by the fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly, New York,
September 2000, contains the commitment to halve, by the year 2015, the proportion of the world's
population whose income is less than one dollar a day and the proportion of people who suffer from
hunger. The 1996 Rome Declaration on World Food Security pledged political will and common and
national commitment by governments to achieving food security for all and to reducing the number of
undernourished people to half their present level no later than 2015.

The measurement of poverty, the identification of the poor and their characteristics, and the best
policies and actions to alleviate poverty have also received wide academic research interest in recent
years and have been the main thematic subject of the latest World Development Report (World Bank,
2000).

Currently, the normative areas of work by the Fisheries Department (FI) do not explicitly address
poverty in fisheries. Poor people are addressed implicitly in the Code of Conduct of Responsible
Fisheries as members of small-scale fishing communities or artisanal fishers who should be rendered
with special protection and assistance. Article 6.18 on General Principles, for example, recognizes the
important contributions of artisanal and small-scale fisheries to employment, income and food security
and calls on States to "appropriately protect the rights of fishers and fish workers, particularly those
engaged in subsistence, small-scale and artisanal fisheries, to a secure and just livelihood, as well as
preferential access, where appropriate, to traditional fishing grounds and resources in the waters under
their national jurisdiction." Similarly, Article 9.1.4 on Aquaculture Development calls on States to
"ensure that the livelihoods of local communities and their access to fishing grounds are not negatively
affected by aquaculture developments". In the same vein, Article 10.13 on Integration of Fisheries into
Coastal Area Management asks States, when governing access to coastal resources, to take into account
"the rights of coastal fishing communities and their customary practices to the extent compatible with
sustainable development."

As regards FI's field programme activities, the UK-financed five-year, US$34 million. Sustainable Fisheries
Livelihoods Programme (SFLP) targets approximately 5 million people in the 25 participating countries of
Sub-Saharan Africa who are directly employed in artisanal fisheries. SFLP seeks to promote the
sustainable use of fisheries resources and the importance of fisheries for poor, artisanal fishers, fish-
processors and traders, most of whom are women. Many of the target groups of the SFLP are believed
to be poor but there are few in-depth studies on the nature, extent and causes of poverty in the fishing
communities of West Africa.

The dearth of in-depth studies on poverty in fisheries was also noted by FAO's Advisory Committee on
Fisheries Research (ACFR) which suggested at its 3rd Session (Rome, 5-8 December 2000) that research
was necessary to obtain a more detailed, nuanced understanding of the various types and shapes of
poverty in fisheries.

Recently, in cooperation with CEMARE and FAO HQs, SFLP has conducted a regional workshop with the
following objectives:

to provide an overview of current understanding of poverty and poverty alleviation in rural Africa with
particular reference to the SLA;

to highlight the relationship between fisheries management and poverty in fisheries, and the role of the
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries;

to identify the possibility of poverty alleviation in fisheries through policy action at different levels of
society including institutional development, appropriate stakeholder participation and the designation
of property rights and responsibilities;

to contribute to the work of the SFLP through the identification of opportunities and possible policy
interventions for poverty alleviation in West Africa.

Some of the key findings of this workshop include the following:

poverty in small-scale fishing communities is a multi-dimensional phenomenon and cannot be

exclusively, or even primarily, be attributed to endogenous factors within the fisheries sector such as
overfishing or excess fishing capacity;

in comparison to rural agriculture and urban poverty, there are few detailed assessments of the nature,
extent and causes of poverty in fishing communities in most countries of the region;

policies for the alleviation of poverty in fishing communities need to be multi-facetted and the SLA
provides a good entry point to identifying the critical causes of poverty and measures to alleviate
poverty;

the better integration of the fisheries sector within national poverty reduction strategies is
indispensable;

the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, properly adapted to the specific characteristics of West
African fisheries, provides a good basis for addressing endogenous causes of poverty in fishing
communities, and for enhancing the contribution of the fisheries sector to national poverty alleviation.
Objectives

The project seeks to achieve three principal objectives as follows:

1. to strengthen FAO's normative work programme in support of member countries' efforts to alleviate
poverty in fishing communities and to enhance the contribution of the fisheries sector in national
poverty reduction strategies and programmes;

2. to strengthen FAO's field programme's impact on poverty alleviation in small-scale fisheries by

increasing the understanding of the nature, extent and causes of poverty in fishing communities,
developing and adapting appropriate poverty assessment and profiling methodologies, elaborating
guidance for the better integration of small-scale and artisanal fisheries in national poverty reduction
strategies, promoting the SLA in fisheries sector and national policy-making, and disseminating related
experiences from pilot studies and projects;

3. to increase global awareness on poverty in small-scale and artisanal fisheries and on poverty
alleviation strategies and measures.

Expected Outputs

The three immediate outputs expected from the project are:

1. as part of FAO's guidelines series, technical guidelines on the contribution of the Code of Conduct of
Responsible Fisheries to poverty alleviation;

2. as part of FAO's technical paper series, a Fisheries Technical Paper on Fisheries and Poverty:
Combating Poverty in Fishing Communities and Enhancing the Role of Fisheries in National Poverty
Reduction Strategies and Programmes;

3. two seminars on the topic to exchange experiences and raise awareness within FAO.

The indirect outputs expected from the project are the dissemination and promotion of the use of the
guidelines and technical paper in awareness raising and educational workshops, consultation and
conferences, by government agencies and NGOs, and in the normative and field work of FAO and other
multilateral and bilateral agencies including development banks.

Inputs and Work Plan

The project will draw widely on expertise and experience of poverty-related work in small-scale and
artisanal fishing communities of developing countries, and including inland water fisheries as well as
broader studies on poverty in rural areas. Special attention will be given to work undertaken within the
framework of the sustainable livelihoods approach, in particular by the SFLP but drawing also upon work
in other regions including South and Southeast Asia, East Africa and South America. The project will be
implemented in close collaboration between SFLP and various units of FAO HQs.
The contribution of FAO HQs will include in-kind staff contribution and part of the printing and
translation costs of the two immediate outputs. FAO HQs will also contribute towards the compilation of
experiences from other regions. SFLP will contribute in-kind staff time as well as cover costs of
consultants and field studies as well as part of the publication and translation costs.

A core working group will be established to oversee and provide guidance in project implementation. It
will comprise staff of PCU, RCU and FIP, and progressively of other FAO units.

The total project period will be 3 years. The envisaged outputs are expected to be produced according
to the following time plan:

Guidelines

End of first year:

Detailed annotated outline of Code guidelines

Middle of second year:

Publishing of Code guidelines in English

End of second year:

Publishing of Code guidelines in French and Spanish.

Seminars

Two seminars will be organized at FAO HQs at the end of the first and second project year to raise
awareness, exchange experiences and expertise, and provide critical reviews of intermediate project
outputs. The seminar participants will comprise FAO staff, core working group members and selected
resource persons.

Fisheries Technical Paper

End of first year:

Background studies initiated and/or completed on: (1) analyses of whether, why, and to what extent the
fisheries sector was considered in the development of poverty reduction strategies in selected
countries; (2) adaptation and testing of poverty assessment and profiling methodologies to small-scale
fisheries; (3) compiling and analysing the experience with the SLA as entry point for poverty alleviation
both in rural sectors.

Middle of second year:

Detailed annotated outline of Fisheries Technical Paper

End of second year:

Completion of all background studies.

Middle of third year:

First draft of Fisheries Technical Paper ready for peer review

End of third year:

Publishing of Fisheries Technical Paper in English (followed by the French and Spanish versions in
subsequent months).

Project progress will be reviewed and assessed as part of the joint annual reviews and mid-term review
of SFLP.
Concept Paper: Climate Change

The effects of global change are increasingly being felt. To do something about this, a global effort is
being set up to accompany developing countries, which are especially vulnerable to these effects, in
defining and implementing their climate policies and strategies.

Because of its experience with designing development programmes and with environmental and climate
matters BTC can play a role in assisting its partners in improving their resilience in the face of climate
change and in showing how to achieve the transition to a low-carbon society.

A stronger positioning of BTC in climate matters will strengthen its credibility and allow it more
specifically to contribute more effectively to the realisation of Belgium’s commitments in implementing
the main international climate agreements.

BTC is aware of the challenges and has put in place in 2016 a climate working group in order to make
specific proposals on how to address the matter.

This document therefore aims to define a vision and an action strategy to mainstream climate change
without however ignoring the other environmental and sustainable development challenges.

In this context, this ‘Climate Change’ concept paper aims to:

Develop a road map, an action strategy and specific recommendations in order to strengthen the
mainstreaming of the fight against climate change in the projects and the functioning of BTC/Enabel by
2020;

Propose actions to strengthen the resources available and the internal procedures in order to develop
the agency’s expertise and prepare the transition towards the new Enabel;

Present the policy and financial challenges in climate change matters, in view of climate mainstreaming
in BTC activities;

Identify the opportunities created by this situation.

CONCEPT PAPER

While slavery and the slave trade were abolished centuries ago by the French revolution, theBritish
Parliament and the 13th amendment to the American Constitution, human trafficking and modern
forms of human exploitation are not part of history. They are a booming international trade, making
huge profits at the expense of exploited victims. Just as in the past, we have the moral duty and the
legal obligation to prevent and suppress these practices. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
(UNODC), in collaboration with other key United Nations partners and with the initial generous support
of the United Arab Emirates, has therefore launched a global initiative to fight human trafficking.
Promoted by the United Nations through events and projects around the world, this framework for
action is designed to

stamp out a crime that has no place in the modern world. It is a global movement designed to motivate
governments, inspire international institutions, empower civil society, strengthen corporate
responsibility, build regional alliances, galvanize international media support and mobilize resources.

Joining Forces

There are international Conventions against human trafficking. Yet, they are still not universally adhered
to and implementation remains inadequate. Very few criminals are convicted and most of the victims
never receive any assistance. Even the true extent of this crime is unknown: this in itself is a problem
that deserves further attention. The criminal nature of the phenomenon, the lack of legislation and the
apparent benign neglect of the underlying suffering make information collection a challenge. Even
matters of definition and common understanding of issues are yet to be clarified. The tip of the iceberg
is in front of our eyes: but how much of it is submerged? Evidence suggests that the problem is global,
significant and growing. Dedicated individuals and groups around the world are trying to do something
about it: this initiative is meant to systematize this enormous good will and prove a framework for
coherent action. At the international level, a number of UN agencies and regional programs have dealt
with aspects of human trafficking: these institutions have been working together in the initiative’s
preparatory phase, through a 6-member Steering committee. Among them is UNODC as the guardian of
the UN Protocol against trafficking in persons; UNICEF because of its protection of child from violence,
abuse and exploitation; the ILO protecting against forced labour and child labour; the IOM for the
protection of migrant workers; and OHCHR as custodian of the antislavery legal instruments. Regional
organizations like the OSCE play an important role in related areas. Since 2006 a broader range of
activities have been, more loosely, coordinated through an Inter-Agency cooperation group (or ICAT)
against human trafficking. At the grass roots where the problem is most acute, non-governmental
organizations and other civil society groups play a key role. They are the eyes and ears of the global
community, and are in the front line of the anti-trafficking movement, protecting victims and helping
the survivors.

A number of private individuals, either through foundations, the media or on their own initiative, are
champions of the anti-trafficking cause. Their work, either to raise global awareness or to tackle local
problems, is an inspiration to us all. If these various initiatives at different levels and in different parts of
the world could unite, the chances of ending human trafficking would increase significantly. Therefore,
the initiative aims to harness and synergize these efforts, get others to join them, and set in motion a
broad-based global movement that will attract the political will and resources needed to stop human
trafficking. UNODC is the facilitator of the process, channeling existing efforts into a cohesive framework
rather than re-inventing the wheel. It is time to join forces to end human trafficking. This is a global
problem that requires a global solution. The Global Initiative creates a common banner under which we
can all rally.

What is the objective?

The Global Initiative, nicknamed with the acronym GIFT, will be rolled out in three phases. The process
was formally launched in March 2007. From this date until November 2007, the preparatory, first phase
will increase awareness and knowledge about human trafficking, identify partners in the fight against it,
and mobilize financial resources to support action. A series of regional events involving relevant
stakeholders will examine both the causes of vulnerability (to trafficking) and the range and magnitude
of the impact of this crime. For example, attention will be focused on the plight of girls sold by their
families; child soldiers drugged and forced into combat; men bonded in mines and farms; women
enslaved in quarries or domestic labour; boys coerced to fish under dangerous conditions; humans
chained to do what others would never freely do – all for practically no pay. Other sessions will examine
what society can do – in order to turn occasional benign negligence into remedial action. What can the
media, the entertainment industry, the tourism industry, or information technology do to help the
cause? Specialized dialogues with faith based communities, parliaments and civil society will help raise
awareness among potential victims. We will also be raising funds to help the most vulnerable. At the
centre of the second phase will be a conference hosted in Vienna on 27-29 November 2007. The
purpose of this conference is to take stock of advances made under the Initiative in2007 and set the
direction for follow-up measures to prevent and stop human trafficking. It will also assess the lessons
learned regarding the dimensions of the issue and the current plan ofaction. The conference will focus
on three themes:

1. Vulnerability: why such a tragedy?

2. Impact: human faces and humanitarian costs

3. Action: a coalition to end human trafficking and exploitation

The third phase is the operational phase. Projects and needs identified in the earlier, preparatory

period will start being implemented with the resources committed to a special purpose fund. Thefund is
being designed to have a sustained impact at the local and regional levels. An informal coordination
group of multilateral institutions would ensure depth and breadth to the range ofactivities to be funded.
National ownership of the projects will guarantee the initiative’s longterm success. Projects will be
selected and steps taken to increase the capacity of States to turn their good intentions into practice,
and leverage major resources into civil society directed grassroots initiatives that benefit those most
directly affected by human trafficking.
The Global Initiative aims to:

1. Raise awareness – tell the world about human trafficking and mobilize people to stop it;

2. Strengthen prevention – inform vulnerable groups, alleviate the factors that make peoplevulnerable
to trafficking (such as poverty, underdevelopment and lack of opportunity);

3. Reduce demand – attack the problem at its source through lowering incentives to trade,and lowering
demand for the products and services of exploited people;

4. Support and protect the victims – ensure housing, counseling, medical, psychologicaland material
assistance, keeping in mind the special needs of women and children andpeople at risk like those in
refugee camps and conflict zones;

5. Improve law enforcement – improve intelligence exchange between law enforcementagencies on

international trafficking routes, traffickers profiles in order to dismantlecriminal groups, leading to the
conviction of more traffickers.

6. Implement international commitments – ensure that international agreements are turnedinto

national laws and practice by targeting assistance to countries in need and improvingmonitoring of
implementation;

7. Enrich knowledge – deepen world understanding of the scope and nature of humantrafficking by
more data collection and analysis, joint research initiatives and creating anevidence-based report on
global trafficking trends;

8. Strengthen partnership – build up regional and thematic networks involving civil society, inter-
governmental organizations and the private sector;

9. create a special purpose fund – to attract and leverage resources into funding projectsaround the
world committed to ending human trafficking;

10. Create an informal contact group – to give like-minded Member States a strong sense of ownership
in the process and create long-term momentum. In the process, the Global Initiative can contribute to
reaching UN Millennium Development Goals like empowering women, improving maternal health,
combating HIV/AIDS, eradicating poverty and improving education.
Concept paper on Love and Hate

Introduction

Love can be defined as an emotion of strong affection and personal connection or attachment. It is
known as a virtue that represents all of human gentleness, compassion, kindness and affection. It is the
concern that a person has for others, and that concern is unselfish, benevolent and loyal. That means
the person who has the emotion of love in his heart for some other person or for any other creature, he
just thinks for the good of his beloved keeping apart all his personal benefits and means. There are many
legends like goddess Athena and Helen Troy to Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet that surrounds the
emotion of love and explains it in a beautiful manner. Whereas the opposite of love is hate or hatred
which refers to the emotion of extreme dislike against something which one perceives as evil. It is the
feeling of anger against something which sometimes leads to extreme actions like war, violence, or
murder. When a person is in love, he use to sacrifice everything for his loved ones, even his life at times;
while in hatred people try to harm others for whom they have the emotion of hatred. In this paper we
have described these emotions in detail using various aspects to better explain what these emotions are
all about.

Discussion

Love

Love and hate are two most intense emotions which are intimately linked with human brain
(www.independent.co.uk). Love is an emotion that converts enemies into friends as well as friends into
enemies sometimes. If compared to all other emotions, love is one on which most of the plays, stories
and songs had been written. Love falls in those emotions which give the beauty to life and happy feeling
for the person and its surrounding. It is actually a compassionate and affectionate action towards
others, whether it is human or animal, it is the feeling of kindness and likeness. Love is an emotion
which can be classified further in various levels, for instance, love for family, love for spouse, love for
friends, love for homeland, love for animals, love for nature and so.

Love has various levels on which it comes, it doesn't seem to be the same emotion at every stage, but
actually it is. It is a feeling or emotion that tears people apart and help us do so many things in bringing
together whole nations. Whenever something bad happens to our family members, friends, or pets, it is
the emotion of love that brings tears in our eyes. It also leads to some violent acts when a person feels
that his love has been taken away from him or is not with him anymore, for instance, if a loved one of a
person dies he sometimes mourn to such an extent that his other family members have to keep a check
that he does not try to attempt any severe step like suicide. There are so many things that this emotion
can do.
A CONCEPT PAPER ON THE TOPIC TEENAGER’S SITUATIONS NOWADAYS

Teenager is a middle stage of adolescence where they become, matured enough, lazy and getting into
trouble. Some people says that being a teenager is a stage that everything changes. In this stage, their
minds becomes mature to everything that surrounds them. Some of them can understands situations
that bothers their mind when they are still a child. In our modern world, teenagers are blinded with
technology. Teenagers nowadays, can do their household chores because of mobile phones, laptop,
internet and etc. Unlike in the past generation that teenagers are busy doing their assignments, helping
in doing household chores and studying. And this generation, getting into trouble is easy because of
social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and etc. Teenagers must be matured in the things
and situations that surrounds them. Like for example in our society about Government Issue because of
corruption that always occurring some of teenagers just complaining their opinions without knowing the
whole story. Another, last May 2016 was the voting of presidents they have their own opinions about
what will happen or will be the result of the election that can affect the ruling of the country even if they
cannot vote. Teenagers believe in some situations base on what they hear without any proof but in
some instances they are more matured enough to understand things. Like in their family problems,
some of them ready to give up their schooling in able to look for a job that they can be qualified in able
to earn money that can support their family. Mostly of the teenagers nowadays are becoming lazy due
to the technology like cellphones, internet, laptop and etc. The fact about teenagers now is instead of
researching in the books with their assignments they depend on the internet where in one click all
results will came out. They doesn’t know that all data that can be found on the internet is get from the
books. And speaking of the technology, teenagers nowadays is fun of watching movies especially about
love. That’s why they learn to fall in love and at the same time they experiences being hurt by
somebody. In teenager’s stage, no one can predict what will happen especially in getting into trouble
and one of the factor of these is the social media. It is the stage where insecurities and jealousy
happens. They are bullied or bullying others because they can’t be contented on what they have. Perfect
example of these is a cold war between love teams like Jadine and Kathniel. Teenagers that idolizing
these famous loveteams has their own positive and negative side where both fandom defending their
own opinions that causes conflicts. Some people says that in teenagers life is a critical stage because
some of them cannot be controlled/disciplined by their parents because of what they can be seen on
movies. They had been influenced by the technology that changes their attitude, moods and emotions
that sometimes resulted into becoming a rebel person.
A CONCEPT PAPER ON FRIENDSHIP

There are many valuable things in life, but friendship may be one of the most important. To live life
without the experience of friendship, is life without living. Human interaction is a necessity to survival,
but developed friendships are essential to the successful well-being of anyone. But to all, Friendship has
no defined terminology. The definition of a friend, and friendship, is based upon one’s own notions.
Many people look for different characteristics in friends, things that may be common in nature.
Friendship is simply a divine relationship based on feelings and understanding. A Friendship turns into
stronger and maintenance. Friendship is undoubtedly heavenly thing. Friendship is simply a divine
relationship based on feelings and understanding. It’s not ordinary social or official affair between
people but a divine feelings and care based on mutual trust, affection and support. A true friendship is
developed ultimately; sometimes relationship could be established for earthly benefits but that is not
really considered friendship. A real friendship does not aim any worldly interests rather spiritual and
based on share and care between friends. Friendship is the divine feeling or relationship between
friends. Friendships developed ultimately and required to be maintained with care. Men can’t live
without friend and real friendship could be a great support for one’s life. A relationship required to be
reciprocal to turn into friendship. That is friendship between two people or among several people, only
develops when they all loves, understands and trust one another equally. Successful friendship only
established provided taste, feeling and sentiments of friends are same or common. A friendly
relationship between people with strictly different outlook and view is almost impossible. A friendship
turns stronger with care and maintenance. In the same way disrespect towards it fade and destroy it
away. Friends must be sincere and loyal towards one another. One should not show vanity and power
over his or her friends. Friends must bare a sense of equity in mind. Friendship with disparity doesn’t
last very long. Real friend will be always with his or her friend in well and in owes. In order to maintain
friendship, it must be valued and handled delicately because treatment towards friendship determines a
friend is real friend or fair weathered. All people seems friendly are not friend. Many pretend to be
friend and terminate friendship as soon as their interests are fulfilled. We may have thousands of fair-
weathered friends in prosperity but real friends are those who stand by us in our trouble. It’s very
painful when friends proved traitor so in choice of friends we must be cautious. A good friend supports
us always and led us in the right way. A good friend encourages us for positive and forbid us form wrong
deeds. A real good friend is an invaluable treasure. Benefits and necessity of friendship is innumerable.
Human being needs companion to live. And friends are one of the best companion because supports us,
care us and bless us an opportunity to share our thoughts freely. As friendship doesn’t aim any worldly
things, serious dispute between friends are rare or mostly trifle. In a word, friendship is blessed with
countless gifts. Friends can help you define your priorities. People tend to pick friends who are similar
to them. This fact falls under the general proximity rule of close relationships, in that like tends to
attract like. Because we fall prey so easily into this similarity trap, it is important to try to stretch
yourself to learn from some of those opposites. It points out the many ways in which “Birds, feather,
flock.” Knowing this can help you grow by expanding your range of friends and trying out some new
points of view.
Friendship is undoubtedly a heavenly thing. Life is colourless and slow without a friend. Though real
friends are not easy to find, a real friendship with a good person is a precious gift that could be great
supports for lifetime.Having friends can give you a reality check. Who but your closest friends will tell
you that your new outfit is ridiculously garish? What person you meet on the street will let you know
that your latest romantic interest is going to bring you heartbreak? Because friends know us so well,
they are able to see things that we can’t, and aren’t afraid to share their dose of reality with you. Of
course, as we saw earlier, friends can also make you miserable. However, the ones who care about you
have a perspective on your behavior that no one else can completely see. In conclusion, having friends is
not only do you benefit from its many perks, but by being a good friend you are helping those closest to
you. If you are aware of how you’re affecting your friends, you’ll work harder to stay close to them
which, in turn, will benefit you as well. Being a good friend also includes asking them for help when you
need it. Giving someone the gift of being influential can be one of the greatest joys you pass on to your
friends.
If you hurt nature, you are hurting yourself

What is nature? There is a great deal of talk and endeavour to protect nature, the animals, the birds, the
whales and dolphins, to clean the polluted rivers, lakes, fields and so on. Nature is not put together by
thought, as religion and belief are. Nature is the tiger, that extraordinary animal with its energy, its great
sense of power. Nature is the solitary tree in the field, the meadows and the grove; it is that squirrel
shyly hiding behind a bough. Nature is the ant, the bee and all the living things of the earth. Nature is
the river, not a particular river, whether the Ganga, the Thames or the Mississippi. Nature is those
mountains, snow-clad, with dark blue valleys and range of hills meeting the sea. The universe is part of
nature. One must have a feeling for all this, not destroy it, not kill for one’s pleasure or one’s table. We
do kill cabbages, the vegetables we eat, but one must draw the line somewhere. If you do not eat
vegetables, how will you live? So one must intelligently discern.

See for the first time that tree, bush or blade of grass. Nature is part of our life. We grew out of the
seed, the earth, and we are part of all that, but we are rapidly losing the sense that we are animals like
the others. Can you have a feeling for a tree, look at it, see the beauty of it, listen to the sound it makes?
Can you be sensitive to the little plant, a little weed, to that creeper growing up the wall, to the light on
the leaves and the many shadows? One must be aware of all this and have that sense of communion
with nature around you. You may live in a town, but you do have trees here and there. A flower in the
next garden may be ill-kept, crowded with weeds, but look at it, feel that you are part of all that, part of
all living things. If you hurt nature, you are hurting yourself. One knows all this has been said before in
different ways, but we don’t seem to pay much attention. Is it that we are so caught up in our own
network of problems, our desires, our urges of pleasure and pain that we never look around, never
watch the moon? Watch it. Watch with all your eyes and ears, your sense of smell. Watch. Look as
though you are looking for the first time. If you can do that, you see for the first time that tree, bush or
blade of grass. Then you can see your teacher, your mother or father, your brother or sister, for the first
time. There is an extraordinary feeling about that: the wonder, the strangeness, the miracle of a fresh
morning that has never been before and never will be. Be in communion with nature, not verbally
caught in the description of it, but be a part of it, be aware, feel that you belong to all that, be able to
have love for all that, to admire a deer, the lizard on the wall, that broken branch lying on the ground.
Look at the evening star or the new moon without the word, without merely saying how beautiful it is
and turning your back on it, attracted by something else, but watch that single star and new delicate
moon as though for the first time. If there is such communion between you and nature, you can
commune with man, with the boy sitting next to you, with your educator or with your parents. We have
lost all sense of relationship in which there is not only a verbal statement of affection and concern but
also this sense of communion, which is not verbal. It is a sense that we are all together, that we are all
human beings, not divided, not broken up, not belonging to any group or race or some idealistic
concepts, but that we are all human beings, living on this extraordinary, beautiful earth. To live in
harmony with nature brings about a different world.