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Introduction
Electricity sector around the world displays continuous growth as power demand
stands out despite any country’s economic changes. The industry is facing new significant
expectations and requirements to mitigate the effects of storms and other disruptive
events, secure the electric system and critical infrastructure that depends on electric
power against cyber and physical attacks, and maintain system stability.
In most parts of the Philippines, one cannot get through a few months without
experiencing storms, some of which are strong enough to damage or take down power
lines. One particularly massive case of power outage was during Typhoon Glenda which
took down power lines all over Luzon and Visayas back in 2014, affecting over 13.5 million
people. According to the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP), blackouts
during typhoons can be caused by as small as a tree branch falling on power lines or as
massive as a collapsed tower. In some instances, outages can be as short as a few hours,
The cost for repairing physical damages on power lines can be tremendous. During
long outages after a catastrophe, there are also associated intangible impacts to a utility’s
intangible impacts, there are considerable direct economic impacts to customers resulting
from lost economic activity, food spoilage, looting, etc. These tangible and intangible
impacts challenge the electric utility industry’s attempts to justify the installation of
the overhead power network mainly due to their physical location close to natural
vegetation e.g. trees, bushes, etc. Therefore, utilities must develop greater flexibility in
terms of supply and distribution of electricity in the best and most effective environmental-
Underground cables offer a justifiable solution for critical parts and in some cases,
the entire length of power lines. Underground cables have unique properties for
transmitting power. They are out of sight, often require only a narrow band of land to install,
emit no electric field and can be engineered to emit no magnetic fields, have better power
loss characteristics and can absorb emergency power loads. The higher cost of
underground cables was a significant deterrent to their use in the past. However, with
lower cost production methods, improved technologies and increased reliability, the cost
differential between underground cables and overhead power lines is narrowing. This
means that power project developers are more frequently turning to underground cables
Replacing overhead lines with underground cables has been an increasing trend
in Europe over the last decade. New cable technology combined with improved production
underground cables. In Germany, 73% of the medium voltage cables and 83% of low
voltage cables are underground. The high fraction of underground cables contributes to
the very high grid reliability with a SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index)
In the Philippines, on year 2014, the Department of Energy seriously looked at the
possibility of relocating vital power lines underground to protect them from damage during
typhoons. Currently, various projects on the conversion of overhead lines to underground
cables have been successfully carried out in several urban areas in the country including
Cebu, Davao and Taguig. These projects were designed to meet the local conditions of
the cable route, yet many technical issues have been raised before and during project
implementation. These issues will not only affect the delivery but the ongoing performance
of the network. This research shall discuss the implications of this process and shall
Cooperative (BATELEC I) Lemery substation which may include new ways of placing
underground cables and adopting latest cable technologies such as the new type of Cross-
linked Polyethylene (XLPE) cables and High Temperature Superconductive (HTS) cables.
Although there are already few researches and reports published on moving overhead
lines to underground cables, they have not been to the extent of investigating the
implementation of new technology and its effect on the efficiency, reliability and economic
points of view of the power supply. This study moves further with a pioneering project that
This research proposal study aims to design an underground wiring system that
will suit the local conditions in urban areas covered by BATELEC I Lemery substation.
1.4. Reliability
1.5. Efficiency
5. To compare the designed underground cabling system with the existing overhead
5.1. Safety
5.3. Reliability
5.4. Efficiency
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of this study is the outline of the possible courses of
distribution lines to underground wiring system. The ideal approach in each stage and the
Safety
Cost Analysis
Reliability
Efficiency
Visual Impact
including the basis of the design and its analysis as well as the main objective of this study.
The preliminary phase of this study will cover the evaluation of the existing
overhead distribution lines installed by BATELEC I, Lemery Substation in terms of its area
of location, construction cost, maintenance cost, and its reliability and efficiency. Local
conditions such as weather, urbanization rate and earth movement are needed to be
The design shall be based on provisions, standards and guidelines stated in: (1)
Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) for safety, proper construction, and sizing of wires; (2)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) for cable tray systems and
installation, raceway products, high performance wires and cables including XLPE and
HTS, and utility products and systems and (3) National Rural Electric Cooperative
distribution (UD) system. These are necessary for the preparation of the design plan.
Using the gathered data, the design plan shall be prepared by constructing layouts
and circuit diagrams for the underground distribution system. The design shall be
simulated to test its reliability and efficiency. The resulting data will then be analyzed and
the cost for underground wiring construction and installation shall be estimated and
computed.
The data gathered from the preliminary phase of this study and the designed
efficiency and visual impact. This comparison will then be analyzed and summarized for
cables.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study is descriptive in nature and its focus is the technical consideration and
covered by BATELEC I Lemery Substation. This study includes the design of underground
wiring system, the cost analysis of its construction, and the impact study of its
implementation.
The researchers shall gather essential data from the distribution utility. Such data
are the utility substation’s coverage area of distribution, the total area of land where their
utility poles and distribution lines are constructed, system loss, maintenance cost and the
rate of power interruption due to damaged overhead components. Other data such as the
The underground wiring design shall be simulated using the software Electrical
Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP), a comprehensive analysis platform for the
power systems. This study shall include the presentation of the schematic diagram of the
system design as well as the electrical materials needed for the construction. These
materials shall include the latest cable technologies such as the new type of Cross-linked
techno-economic analysis from the cabling system construction to its implementation shall
Lemery, Batangas. The underground wiring system shall be designed to meet the local
conditions of urban areas covered by the substation. The study is mainly focused on the
reliability, efficiency, and safety of converting overhead distribution lines to underground
distribution cables.
following:
Lemery, Batangas as they can enjoy the advantages in power supply and clean cityscape
upon implementing the underground wiring system. Employing this technology will
Batangas State University. The project will serve as another contribution to the
achievements in the field of engineering in the University. It may also yield valuable
learning in the science of electrical engineering. This may contribute to the students’
understanding of the principles and concepts of electrical power system design and
about underground wiring system and how it can enhance the power in this changing world.
They may apply the principles, standards and concepts used in the project and use the
The following terms are defined conceptually for a better comprehension of the
study.
Cable Tray. This is a rigid structure used to support insulated electric cables used for
to a wiring system are anticipated, since new cables can be installed by laying them in
the tray, instead of pulling them through a pipe. It is practical to use cable trays in
underground wiring system construction since this is ideal for outdoor projects.
Distribution. This is the final stage which entails the delivery of electricity to the load. The
considered.
Efficiency. This is understood as the reduction in power and energy demands from the
electrical system without affecting the normal activities carried out in buildings, industrial
plants or any other transformation process. It is also the reduction of technical and
economic costs of operation. This is one of the electrical factors affected by the conversion
protect life and property from the consequences of loss of primary electric power supply.
One of the advantages of an underground wiring system is that it can absorb emergency
power load.
High Temperature Superconductive (HTS) cables. These are materials that behave
friendly, conserving energy and resources and delivering power while generating no
external magnetic fields. The use of this cable shall be included in the underground
wiring system.
system low voltage as voltage in the range 50 to 1000 V AC or 120 to 1500 V DC. In
electrical power systems low voltage most commonly refers to the mains voltages as used
by domestic and light industrial and commercial consumers. This is also an important
Overhead Distribution Line. This is a structure above ground used in electric power
distribution to transmit electrical energy across large distances in which most of the insulation
is provided by air. The conversion of this overhead structure to underground system is the
both conduit and tubing. Some standards and provisions suggest the use of raceways in
installing electrical wires. The quality of raceways must be taken into consideration when
and expected levels of energy under stated conditions for a specified period of time. This
distribution lines.
Simulation. This is a production of a computer model of the wiring system. The software
ETAP allows testing and simulation of distribution design showing its reliability and
efficiency.
System loss. This refers to the difference between electricity input and output as a result
of an energy transfer between two points. This affects the efficiency of a power system.
Underground wiring systems are shown to have better power loss characteristics.
make the medium work. The study takes into consideration the use of latest cabling
Transmission. This process is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating
Urban areas. These are areas with a density of human structures such as houses,
commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. They can refer to towns, cities, and
suburbs. Underground wiring systems are more practical to install in these areas.