Background of The Study

A climate adaptive, Self-Sustaining Inter-Mutualistic Ecotourism Re-development Through Biodiversity Architecture to Preserve and Develop
Histo-Cultural Identity and Natural Ecosystem of Sicogon Island in the Province of Ilo-ilo
Sharmaine Mercado, John Michael Nabo, Kyle Adrian Gale F.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Philippines is a country that is considered as an archipelago or island chain and because it is located near the
equator, it is also considered as a tropical country. It consist 7641 islands in total but it was divided into three. These 3
divisions are named Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. It has a total area of 300,000 square kilometres which made it ranked
5th to the largest island countries. It is rich in natural resources and biological ecosystems. There are coastlines and
rainforest that stands as a home for diverse range of different life forms such as birds, plants, animal and sea creatures that
is why it is considered to be one of the ten most biologically mega diverse country. It is also famous for its wide range of
tourist spot such as white sand beaches, hot springs, mountain parks and different ecotourism in any form. But
unfortunately, Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire making it prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes
and typhoons.
One of the most developed provinces in the Philippines that is rich in ecotourism is the province of Ilo-ilo. Ilo-ilo
is located in the region of western visayas that occupies a major portion of the island of Panay. It is surrounded by the
provinces of Antique, Capiz, Guimaras and Panay. The province has a total area of 5,000.83 square kilometres consisting
of 42 municipalities and 2 cities. On architectural field, Spanish architecture can be recognized in the old buildings in
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Iloilo’s downtown. It is also a home for the 2 cultural minorities namely the Sulod-Bukidnon and the Ati. The Iloilo City
economy is consisting of central businesses such as real estate, medical centres, education, shopping centres and
businesses centres. Its northern part is focus on fishing and eco-tourism industry such as beach resorts and fish ports which
is near the Visayan sea. This is the main reason why it is the centre of fishing industry of the province. The central part of
Iloilo is focus on agricultural industry. It produces a different type of agricultural products such as corn, rice, bananas,
pineapple and sugarcane. It is also home for land based ecotourism, such as inland resorts and trekking sites. The southern
part relies on the century old churches and colonial buildings as it is a tourist destination. It also used water-based
ecotourism such as beach resorts and marine reserve. Iloilo has a total of 40 islands that promotes water-based ecotourism.
One of the islands in Iloilo is the Sicogon Island. Sicogon Island is located in the northern part of Iloilo. According
to the locals the word Sicogon is derived from the 2 words “si” and cogon”, the word “si” is referring to the sea, because
the whole island is surrounded by it, while the cogon is a type of grass that endemic in the island and was used by the
locals to create grass roofs for their houses. According to the government of Iloilo, the island was a famous tourist
destination during 1970’s.it is famous for its crystal clear water and its 4 kilometre white beach. The long sandy stretch of
the coast is divided by the rocky areas. It has a resort named “Sicogon Island resort” that was famous all over the world
and considered as a vacation place for famous personalities. Sicogon Island was once a shooting site for the Filipino
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movie “ang pinakamagandang hayop sa balat ng lupa”. This film starred Filipino actors Gloria Diaz, Vic Vargas and
Elizabeth Oropesa.
When the tragic occurrence of martial law occurs, the whole province of Iloilo is affected by the uncontainable
annihilation and uncontrollable destruction creating massive damage in the province of Iloilo. Sicogon Island is one of the
most affected areas and its famous eco-tourism is forgotten by the people specially the tourists. They avoid it because of
fear in martial law decreasing tourism rate in the island resulting in low income and slow development. The famous
Sicogon island resort was completely destroyed. On 2008 typhoon Frank devastated the whole island decreasing the beach
line. On 2013 Ayala tried to develop the island into a tourism destination with goal of using the beaches as the main factor
of development. The community refuses this development because of their land was taken away by the ayala to construct a
resort unlike the approach of the previous famous resort that uses its local community to support the eco-tourism of the
area which is a mutual benefit from the both sides. The previous resort has also made a good use of the land based tourism
spot of the area. While Ayala focus on beach resorts and water based ecotourism. The development that Ayala led is
stopping the development of the island itself because only a portion of it was considered in the design.
One of the major problems is that the community in the area was left behind in the field of development reducing
their source of income and growth as a community. Before Ayala constructed an ecotourism hotel, the local communities
benefitted because the locals acted as the tourist guides in the area. They craft products such as various types of baskets
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and souvenirs that they sell to the tourist and they also craft cogon roof that the management of the Sicogon island resort
buy to create cottages. But now in the resort that was led by Ayala, the community have a limited participation in the
ecotourism in the area making them unable to fully grasp the benefit of the island’s tourism development. Another
problem is that the local resident’s major source of income which is the fishing was affected by the development of the
resorts. The management of the resort prohibits the fisher folk to fish at the front side of the beach because it might affect
the tourists’ satisfaction. The farmers on the island were affected by these developments because the land that was used in
developing these resorts is their farming land. The locals also become limited in their source of potable water because of
the construction of a boutique resort in the mountain spring; this spring is the source of water of the local community. This
development of boutique resort is creating water shortage in the 3 barangay in the island.
In architectural sense, the design of development did not consider the local communities in area including their
sources of needs, economic aspect, their original way of life and their existing culture. These aspects must be considered
in design. According to the “concept of tourism” by McLaren, The primary consideration in ecotourism is the local
communities. They have the right to be considered in a development because they are the original owner of the area in the
first place, and developing their land may affect them and their way of life. Another problem is that plumbing systems and
waste management did not consider in the community resulting in different diseases outbreak. Furthermore, it can also
result in contamination of some part of the island.
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Another problem in the island is the source of electricity. Since it is an island, it is hard for them to generate and
use electricity. A few residents there uses small solar panel for charging phones of the tourist but most of the houses there
do not have an electrical power making it hard for them to work and live. The fishing industry in area was good for they
catch a lot of fishes but fishing becomes more hassle to them because of the prohibition of fishing and the distance of the
island to the nearest land port. It was hard for them to fish and to transport their product to the nearest port. Some of the
beaches have a lot of coconut trees but as of now those trees was continuously cut down and replaced by houses of the
local residents. The last problem in the area is the non-resilient houses of the local community which is the main cause of
land issues in the area right now. When the typhoon Yolanda devastated the island, the local community was encouraged
to evacuate in a safe place. But this evacuation leads to the conflict in the land ownership. After the typhoon landed unto
the area, all houses and the whole community was destroyed and because of the lack of development, the community had
a hard time to get back to their old phase.
The major reason why this study must be conducted is that it can contribute to the architectural knowledge by
developing a systematic architectural design that will consider the architectural, economic, socio-cultural, environmental
and climatic aspect while promoting active social involvement of the community in the tourism of the area. It can also
develop systematic way of using the development of the private resorts to develop the local community by turning the
community into the tourism spot in the area. This study will also help the department of environment and natural resources
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/(DENR), department of agriculture (DAR), Sicogon Development Corporation (SIDECO) and Federation of Sicogon
Island Farmers and Fisher folk Association (FESIFFA) to further develop the island local community into a community-
based ecotourism that will give opportunities to the local community a source of income.
There are architectural approaches and concepts that will be used in developing a system of design to cater the
development of ecotourism and its community. First is the climate adaptive approach that tends to develop a design that
can adapt to the natural climatic condition of the area. It can improve the resiliency of a specific structure or a whole
community in any type of natural disasters. Second is inter-mutualistic ecotourism approach which tends to connect the
“users to the building”, “building to environment “and “environment to users” these will greatly enhance the satisfactory
and growth of the ecotourism in an area. This approach tends to build a mutual connection between the three factors to
greatly enhance its capability to grow using the architectural system of design. Third is the Histo-cultural preservation,
this type of approach is the consideration of the cultural and historical value of a certain place in the design of
development. Historical value must be preserved and cultural value should be developed.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The island of Sicogon in Ilo-ilo Philippines is once a great tourist destination but because martial law and
typhoons, the ecotourism of the area is forgotten. Still the island has its own potential to revive its lost tourism identity,
but the revival of the island has its conflicts that can affect the development of the local community and the island itself
.the major problem is that the development of the communities in the island was affected by the developments of the
resorts. The local community was not considered in the development and design of the resort. Their community was not
resilient on the natural climate making them so vulnerable to natural disasters. The resident also having a water shortage
because of the construction of a boutique resort in the mountain spring. Lack of source in electrical energy. The problem
states that
“How will Sicogon Island be a sustainable eco-tourism destination that can mutually beneficial to the local communities
and the private resorts while its cultural, economic, environmental and architectural aspect is considered, as well as its
existing resources and its climatic condition “
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SUB PROBLEMS
 What are the architectural approaches that promote active interaction between the private resorts and the
existing local community in the area to develop mutual benefit for both of them?
 How architecture can be applied to enhance the economic factor of Sicogon Island using its ecotourism and
fishing industry?
 what type of island development is best suitable for the Sicogon island that can be used not only to promote
ecotourism but also to preserve the natural ecosystem of the area
 what is the condition of climate in the island and how it can affect the existing communities
 What are the cultural and historical value of the island and how architecture can be used to preserve and
develop it
GOAL
The goal of the research is to develop a systematic design of development that will benefit the architectural, cultural,
economic, environmental aspect of Sicogon island Iloilo considering it’s climatic sensitivity and resources availability
and to develop the community using the development of the ecotourism in the area
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OBJECTIVES
1. To study the different architectural approach that can be used to promote an interactive engagement of the
community on the ecotourism development and the capability of the community to adapt this architectural
approach and to study the activities in the island including tourism activities ,economical activities and
environmental activities
 Interview the local communities regarding their interaction in the developments in the island, how the
private development affects them and what are the economic activities
 Research an architectural approach that can be used to in what consideration will they give to the existing
local community promoting active interaction
 Interview the management of the private resorts regarding their plan in developing the island and
2. To identify the possible opportunities to enhance economic factor of the island by the use of architectural
development
 Interview the Federation of Sicogon Farmers and Fisher folks (FESIFFA) regarding in their existing
economic capability in term of development
 Interview on the management of Huni Sicogon and Balay cogon regarding in their plan of development in
the future and how it will affect the economy of the island
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 Interview the Sicogon Development Corporation (SIDECO) regarding on what kind of development is
allowed on the island and also to know the existing and proposal developments In the area
3. To research a design method that allows the ecosystem to remain undisturbed while using it as a ecotourism spot
 Study correlating existing approach and design methods considering their compatibility in the study
 Conduct a physical observation on the island
 Interview the Department of Environment and Natural Resources regarding the condition of the
ecosystem on the area and if it can be used as an ecotourism while preserving it
4. To identify the climatic condition of the area and to know the capability rate of the island to respond to its existing
climate
 Interview the local community in the island regarding their experiences In natural disaster and what actions
did they take to adapt to it.
 Conduct an interview on the office of PAGASA regarding the climate in the area
5. To identify the cultural and historical value of the island and to study an architectural way of preserving and
developing it
 Conduct a survey and interview regarding to the existing culture of the local residents
 Conduct an interview on the provincial tourism office
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SCOPE
This study will be focused on how the Sicogon Island will be developed into an inter-mutual ecotourism that will
benefit its architectural, cultural, economic and environmental aspects and on how it will affects the existing and emerging
problems. This study will also tackle about the community on how they face the effects of the existing and emerging
problems on a sudden development of the island.
LIMITATION
The limitations of this research are as follows:
1. This study will not include data that does not support any architectural means.
2. Some data will be limited due to its privacy, restricted areas and availability.
3. The study will be limited to confidential data that cannot be accessed by unauthorized parties such as financial records
and personal data.
4. The conducting of data will also limited on how many days the researchers will stay on the site between the island of
Sicogon and city of Iloilo.
5. The study of the island’s wildlife will not be tackled.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of the study is focus on the island of Sicogon and who will be benefited on the study the will be
conducted. The development of Sicogon island has a great potential to contribute to the continuous growth of our
economy through tourism. That can help to provide additional opportunities and income to their local community and help
to save our environment. By the end of this study we aim to contribute to the following:
PROVINCIAL TOURISM OFFICE
They will be benefitted by the study because the location of the study is under their ordinance. This can help them to
promote the eco-tourism of Sicogon Island and further develop their tourism industry.it will also create an opportunity in
the island for a new tourism spot
PROVINCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
The study will benefit it because this study will also include the preservation and protection of the existing ecosystem of
the area .they can use the study to promote further knowledge on preserving an ecosystem using architectural knowledge
ENVIRONMENT
This study will help to protect and improve the quality of environment and avoid the depletion and improper use of our
planet’s natural resources.
To the culture of the community, it will help to showcase the beauty of the culture of the community that can bring
recognition and attention to the community without setting aside the conservation of its culture.
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SOCIETY
It will help to enhance the health and comfort of the occupant and also to minimize strain on the local utility infrastructure
that will improve overall quality of life. Which will add value to the community’s economy?
TOURIST
They will have the privilege to receive an authentic experience from the community that will create a deeper connection
to the destination.
ASSUMPTIONS
The researcher assume the study will be funded and supported by the following agencies
 DENR
 DOT
 PENR
 PTO
 AYALA CORP
 SIDECO
 FESIFFA
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
1. ECO- TOURISM
Ecotourism focuses on socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental sustainability it usually
involves travel to undisturbed natural areas where flora, fauna and other cultural heritage are primary attraction with the
specific objective of admiring, studying and enjoying the scenery and its plants and animals, as well as cultural features.
Eco tourism also aims to give greater appreciation for our nature and natural habitat in the area. It is a “responsible travel
to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people” based on The international
ecotourism society (TIES) established in 1990. It is traveling to natural areas with a purpose of understanding the cultural
and natural history of its environment and also by making sure to produce economic opportunities without altering the
integrity of our ecosystem.
Ecotourism is important because it allows tourist to do more than just travelling and enjoying the view by allowing them
to immerse their selves into the culture and lifestyle of the people they encounter who are so much different from the usual
people we encounter every day. Many of these indigenous cultures have been deluded, or destroyed, to set up for tourism,
but it doesn’t have to be that way.
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Tourism is very important to the Philippines, as it is a key factor of the country’s economy. Traditional tourism however
only contributes to some extent and can even create some issues, like destruction of the environment and pushing the local
culture out of touristy places. Traditional tourism doesn’t benefit the country and its people it is the wealthier people who
benefit from it like big hotel owners and etc. while the poor people in the community is being neglected and pushed away
from their own lands to give way to big development of the big companies in their land. Eco tourism goal is to provide
those places more jobs and to help their local economy grow without compromising their environment and culture.
2. CLIMATE ADAPTIVE DESIGN / ARCHITCTURE
Due to population growth and increased urbanization because of the improvement of standard living most the
building in the urban areas has the most consumed energy an obvious way to mitigate climate change is to design low
energy use buildings. The rapid climate change demands for a design that can be sustainable that can renew energies and
energy efficient. Since architects and builders nowadays focused on creating solution that has less impact in the natural
environment climate responsive architecture is a design practice which goal is to create a comfortable interior while
reducing the use of mechanical or artificial energy that will reflects in the weather conditions of the site where the building
is built. Because a design which is irrespective to the climate condition of the site means either you will create an
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uncomfortable indoor environment or you will increase the consumption of energy to maintain the thermal comfort
artificially.
To successfully create a climate responsive buildings, you must take into consideration some aspect like the different
seasons, the direction of the sun including sun path or solar position, environmental factors, the topography in the building
surroundings, and climate date such as temperature, weather patterns and etc. to create or design an energy efficient and
comfortable buildings.
According to Marnie vans of sustainable businesses here are the “10 steps to designing climate-responsive architecture:”
 Perform a site analysis
 Layout the building on the site
 Plan with the sun in mind
 Window considerations
 Building for geographic area
 Minimize building footprint
 Design for natural ventilation
 Relax the occupants comfort standards
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 Conduct modelling and analysis
 Perform multiple iterations
3. COASTAL DESIGN
The goal of coastal design is to make people feel comfortable and relaxed. Whether you’re only few meters away
from the shores or miles away from it, entering to a room or spaces with coastal design should make you feel as though
you’re in beach or in a vacation. Coastal means beach we can achieve it by using colour psychology as an advantage and
use of natural light, soft tones, and clean aesthetic which can evoke the breeziness of the beach. "A coastal space takes its
cues from the natural environment for everything from colour palette through to materials used," says Will Taylor, author
of Dream Decor, and the blogger behind Bright Bazaar.
Normally, we would tell you to offset your neutral foundation with a bold pop of colour, but in this case, even your accent
shades should be more subdued. Focus on pastel hues that have beachy connotations like aquamarine. The furniture we
will use is important since it has fewer accessories we must choose pieces of furniture that truly got the vibe of a coastal
aesthetic.
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Rooms decorated in each of these coastal styles do have similarities, such as a love of ocean hues and sun-bleached white,
incorporation of natural materials and fabrics, and a celebration of natural light. A beautifully beachy home doesn’t
require views of swaying palms and gentle waves of aqua. With a few dreamy design tricks, every day can be a beach day,
no matter where you call home.
4. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
A sustainable design aims to reduce negative impacts on the health, environment and to the users through skillful,
sensitive design and by moderately use of the materials and energy. One of the main objectives of sustainable design is to
reduce consumption of non-renewable resources, minimize waste, and create healthy, productive environments. Also, to
ensure that the resources presently available does not end up causing harm effects in the environment and in society that
doesn’t account for long-term consumer satisfaction. Sustainable design also refers to the process in designing that
consider natural resources and includes an environmental friendly approach as a part of the design.
Sharlyn Underwood, American Society of Interior Designers (ASID) Virginia chapter president and interior designer with
Smith Lewis Architecture, defines sustainable design in the architectural sector this way: “Sustainable design is the
practice of designing buildings so that they exist in harmony with natural systems.”
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And as an architect or designer we should have learn how to handle our critical role in this sustainable world. And one of
our roles is to provide solutions, an innovative solution to solve different social problems. Considering the problem of our
planet due to irresponsible consumption of our natural resources and the dire conditions the earth is facing.
Sustainability is a development which provides the need of our present generation without compromising the ability of the
future generation to provide and meet their own needs. It is about building the future, not just a structure.
This green design or sustainable designs have different benefits from environment, economy and in society. Green design
and construction is aimed at preserving the environment and avoiding the depletion of the planet’s natural resources. This
is one of the greatest benefits of green design solutions. It will also help to improve the quality of the environment. it also
leads to lower operating cost and a higher productivity. Sustainable design also gives a Better air quality that will improve
the overall health and comfort of the occupants, which result to improve their overall morale and productivity.
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6. COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM
Community based tourism is a form of responsible tourism which let the local resident to invite tourist to visit their
community that support their local community and helps to improve their livelihoods without compromising the natural
and cultural resources of the area which are protected and conserved. Ecotourism is a type of sustainable tourism in which
tourists experience, appreciate and enjoy the nature and culture of their destination. It allows visitors to connect closely
with the communities they visit. This emerging form of travel gives tourists authentic experiences, while allowing revenue
generated by tourism to remain in the often rural, poor, or economically marginalized community. It doesn’t only
encourage cross-cultural understanding between host and visitor but also embraces the bottom line of environmental
protection, cultural conservation, social responsibility, economic health, and the enhancement of livelihoods. Nature
lovers can visit naturally preserved areas accompanied by a local guide who explains traditional uses of the various plants
and local forest lore, transmitting not just information but experience. Tourist will enable to discover local habitats and
wildlife, and celebrates and respects traditional cultures, rituals and wisdom. The community will be aware of the
commercial and social value placed on their natural and cultural heritage through tourism, and this will foster community
based conservation of these resources.
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Community-based tourism is taking its place in the world as an alternative to traditional tourist destinations, especially in
developing countries. This form of tourism allows for greater contact with the local community and for the tourist to
experience new sensations that provide the local community with alternative sources of income; it becomes a poverty
reduction tool.
7. BIODIVERSITY ARCHITECTURE
Biodiversity is a combined word between biological and diversity. This means that it is a variety of different living
organisms particularly in wildlife and plants from different natural environments or habitats such as terrestrials and
different aquatic systems and each ecosystem has also different type of species which are also part of the ecological
complexes. The biodiversity plays important roles for each living organisms they are one of the components of ecosystem
to have a healthy, productive and sustainable life on the planet. A productive biodiversity results to a successful and
breathable environment for different living organisms. Biodiversity also helps provide the needs of humans such as food,
health treatments from plants and animals, resources and also protection from floods and soil erosion. This means that the
biodiversity is important to help protect communities to adapt and respond to a climate change.
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The built environment in recent years has a potential on having a huge impact on biodiversity due to a irresponsible
development of buildings that affect the ecological value of the site because the construction industry professionals
sometimes are not aware of considering the biodiversity. As a results of having problems on the biodiversity, many people
are asking how to minimize them and how can they enhance the biodiversity through development and Architectural
designs. There was a research that suggests that considering the biodiversity and green spaces can benefit all the users and
all organisms on the site. This will make the site increase its productivity and become stress free environment.
8. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION
Historical and cultural heritage are important to identify, record and analyse the background of a particular place.
Heritage usually represents about historical traditions. The preservation of historical building plays an important role
because it define the landmark in the heritage area and affect the community around it and gives the community an
opportunity to have an economic return and support from tourism industry.
Heritage buildings represent the past history and the culture of the certain place. With this event many people visit the area
and see the heritage and learn about the history of it. Uses of heritage Heritage can be used in a number of ways.
Departing from Klas-Göran Karlssons specification (Karlsson 2004). Heritage buildings with historical values of
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religious, social and political events are the most visited by people. There are many guidelines of heritage buildings are
proposed to protect a heritage building. It must be created in order to have a basis on conserving heritage before
developing and utilizing new properties that will be established.
Defects of heritage buildings happen because of the construction materials that were used to it from the beginning. When
defects occurs the building come to a process called degradation of the construction material to deal with the defects using
chemicals and biological actions.
Therefore, Heritage conservation are important because of the architectural value and different building techniques.
Conserving it can help the future to have a background about the story behind it that can be pass on the future.
8. ENERGY GENERATING DESIGN
Energy efficiency is a way to reduce the negative impact of human greenhouse gas emissions. Example of this is
using less energy but also satisfy the comfort of the users. This method can be achieved through different technologies.
This will help reduce global warming and power scarcity in the near future because due to rapid industrialization the needs
in electricity or energy were increasing every day. This problem can be solved by some methods like analysing the
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location and surroundings can help ease the heat inside the building or a structure. Renewable energy such as sunlight,
winds such as wind turbines, waves and geothermal heat can be used rather than burning fossil fuels. There are also
technologies that involves the users through kinetic energy which they can contribute provide energy to the site or
facilities. This method can protect the local communities’ ad tourist from negative effect of environment. The method can
also boost the tourism of a certain place promoting its clean and comfortable environment.
9. BIOPHILIC ARCHITECTURE
Biophilic design is an approach in Architecture where structures of buildings collaborate with the nature. It is not
just about using plants just to be called Biophilic. Natural lighting, ventilation, natural landscape features or vegetation
and other elements were used to have a productive and healthy environment for the people. Must design focuses on how
can biophilic design reduce or minimize the damages from environment in modern world like pollution and too much use
of resources like energy and water that are not necessary. Biophilic design can help people minimize the stress of
environment, enhance creativity, productivity and even can accelerate recovery from major illness and less their worries
about improving health condition. Also children or students can have a better performance in academics which can boosts
concentration and memory and being less absent at a school with the help of access to outdoors and natural lighting. In
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offices it with greater natural lighting, natural ventilation and other environmental features also results a better
performance, lower the stress and give motivation around the working area of the office. Also a community with high
quality of environment can ease the stress environment and can promote improve social interactions.
Green elements were known and used primarily in a biophilic design. Not just because it can increase its aesthetic value
but this element can help the design to reduce the effects of the climate through evaporation and reduce the temperatures
at the rooftop and indoor spaces.
Therefore, the biophilic architecture aims to give the designers, planners and architects a knowledge about the importance
of the connection between the natural environment and their building projects that can have an impact to the users since
contact with nature can give many benefits for all the users.
10. BEHAVIOR O F TOURISTS AND COMMUNITY IN TOURISM
Tourism helps the economic development of the community and get benefits from it like generating income. It also
provide opportunities to have a job and an investment for medical and education but because of this the wildlife can be
affected to preserve their habitats or the wildlife areas because of not enough utilization of a certain space. This also
affects their lifestyle, agriculture and culture because they sometimes sacrifice their lands to making new establishment
especially when they are near to a tourist spots. There are also some cases where rapid tourism happened that the number
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of tourists is more than the number of the community and because of that it is difficult for them to maintain their
environment. Based on social exchange theories, if the residents recognize that they will receive advantages from tourism
without suffering costs, they will prefer to contribute to and participate in community-based tourism development
(Jurowski, Uysal, and Williams, 1997)
As for the tourists, people visits places where they can enjoy and see different things and places but because of climate
change that happens today it also affect their decision to go to tourist destinations. It is hard for the to adapt to the current
situation since it is different from the past tourism history. In maintaining the tourism, tourists sometimes does not have
proper knowledge how they can maintain it.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 William Graham (March 31, 2019) The Architecture of Biodiversity http://www.freshvista.com/2019/natures-
relationships-the-architecture-of-biodiversity/
 UK-GBC Task Group (March 2009) Biodiversity and the Built Environment
https://www.ukgbc.org/sites/default/files/Biodiversity%2520and%2520the%2520Built%2520Environment%2520-
%2520Full%2520report%2520and%2520appendices.pdf
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 Puppim de Oliveira, J. A. ; Shih,Wan-yu; Moreno-Peñaranda, R.; Phillips, A. (2014). Integrating Biodiversity with
Local and City Planning: The Experience of the Studios in the Development of Local Biodiversity Strategies and
Action Plans – LBSAPs. Tokyo: UNU-IAS
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/02a6/0fee575993032481d69920e113d4a56a9922.pdf
 Georgia E. Garrard , Nicholas S. G. Williams, Luis Mata, Jordan Thomas, Sarah A. Bekessy (September 21, 2017)
Biodiversity Sensitive Urban Design https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12411
 Tomas Nilson & Kristina Thorell (2018) Cultural Heritage Preservation: The Past, the Present and the Future
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1224014/FULLTEXT01.pdf
 Rincon H., Rahmi D. (2002) Preservation of Cultural and Historic Heritage as a Tool for Sustainable
Development.
 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-2170-7_15
 Vicente Ramue, Lagomarsino Sergio, Fereira Tiago, Catari Serena and Mendez Silva Raimundo (January 2018)
Cultural Heritage Monuments and Historical Buildings: Conservation Works and Structural Retrofitting
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320403010_Cultural_Heritage_Monuments_and_Historical_Buildings_C
onservation_Works_and_Structural_Retrofitting
27
 Essays, UK. (November 2018). The Importance of Heritage Conservation.
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/environmental-sciences/heritage-conservation-is-important-for-identifying-
environmental-sciences-essay.php?vref=1
 Doug Moss and Roddy Scheer (September 4, 2015) What Is Biophilic Design In Architecture?
https://earthtalk.org/biophilic-design-architecture/
 Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad (January 2006) Biophilic Architecture, The Concept of Healthy Sustainable
Architecture
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287940355_Biophilic_architecture_the_concept_of_healthy_sustainable
_architecture
 Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad (2012) Biophilic architecture (Towards a new potential of healthy
architecture) https://www.cce.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Almusaed.pdf
 Stephen R. Kellert & Bill Finnegan (2011) Biophilic Design The Architecture of Life
http://www.biophilicdesign.net/uploads/8/4/5/6/8456913/bd_viewingguide_revised.pdf
 Stephen R. Kellert Dimensions, Elements, and Attributes of Biophilic Design
http://willsull.net/la570/resources/Introduction/BiophilicDesignChapter1.pdf
28
 Noppanon Homsud (2017) The Effect of Residents’ Attitude toward Tourism on their Pro-Tourism Behaviour: A
Case Study of Hua-Hin Prachubkirikhan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
 Doohyun Hwang, William P. Stewart, Dong-wan Ko (June 5, 2011) Community Behavior and Sustainable Rural
Tourism Development https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0047287511410350?journalCode=jtrb
 Ju Hyoung Han, Min Jae Lee 2 and Yun-Seop Hwang (July 8,2016) Tourists’ Environmentally Responsible
Behavior Response to Climate Change and Tourist Experiences in Nature-Based Tourism
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/7/644/pdf
 Richard C Prentice, Stephen FWitt, Eve GWydenbach (October 10, 2016) The Endearment Behaviour of Tourists
through their Interaction with the Host Community
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0261517794900051
 Mohammed Hossam-E-Haider1 and Md Rokonuzzaman (February 2015) Design of a Efficient Energy Generating
System Using Speed Breaker for Bangladesh
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283496215_Design_of_a_efficient_energy_generating_system_using_sp
eed_breaker_for_Bangladesh
 Penn State (November 9, 2018) Making Wind Farms More Efficient
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/11/181109122623.htm
29
 Janos Capo (June 2013) Energy Efficiency in Tourism – Towards a More Sustainable Travel Industry
https://www.frugeo.co.uk/GLS1_article3.pdf
 Susanne Becken and Jo-Anne Cavanagh (August 2003) Energy Efficiency Trend Analysis of the Tourism Sector
https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/publications/researchpubs/becken_energy_efficiency.pdf
 Paulina Bohdanowicz, Angela Churie-Kallhauge and Ivo Martinac (2001) Energy Efficiency and Conservation in
Hotels–Towards Sustainable Tourism https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229043885_Energy-
efficiency_and_conservation_in_hotels-towards_sustainable_tourism\
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
Topic Tactics Target respondents Target data Tools
Social Interview  Local residents  Interaction of tourist and local  Recorder
 Private resort residents.  Notebook
30
interaction Observation  Tourist  Activities of the tourist  Questionnaires
Survey  The current situation of the local
community
Economic Interview  FESIFFA/local  The local community’s economic  Recorder
opportunities residents growth and source of income  Notebook

Survey
 DOT  Data about tourism/eco-tourism in  Questionnaires
Request for data
 SIDECO the area
 The available Eco tours and
ecotourism activities on the area
 future plans of the island for
development
 type of development that applicable
to the island
31
Environment Interview  DENR  The existing condition of the  Recorder
preservation  Local community ecosystem of Sicogon island  Notebook

Survey
 Management of the  Consideration for the environment  Questionnaires
Request for data
private resort  Method of preserving the ecosystem
Observation
Photo doc
Climate Interview  PAGASA  Climate condition  Recorder
resiliency  Province  Rate of typhoon  Notebook

Request for data
municipality  Effects on community  Questionnaires
 Coastal consideration
 Island meteorology
 Response to climate
32
Cultural aspect Interview  Local residents  Culture of the local residents  Recorder
 Tourism  Culture of Iloilo  Notebook

Survey
department of Iloilo  Historical site in the island  Questionnaires
city
CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK
SICOGON ISLAND, CARLES ILOILO
“How will Sicogon Island be a sustainable eco-tourism destination that can mutually beneficial to the
local communities and the private resorts while its cultural, economic, environmental and architectural
aspect is considered, as well as its existing resources and its climatic condition “
to develop a systematic design of development that will benefit the architectural, cultural, economic,
environmental aspect of Sicogon island Iloilo considering it’s climatic sensitivity and resources
availability and to develop the community using the development of the ecotourism in the area
CLIMATIC ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL CULTURAL

INTERACTION 33
CLIMATE TOURISM ECOTOURISM COMMUNITY HISTO-CULTURAL

ADAPTIVE DESIGN INDUSTRY BASED TOURISM HERITAGE CONSERVATION
COASTAL AGRO TOURISM SUSTAINABLE MUTUAL BIODIVERSITY

DEVELOPMENT DESIGN INTERACTION S ARCHITECTURE
BIOPHILIC
ARCHITECTURE
ENERGY GENERATING DESIGN
A climate adaptive, Self-Sustaining Inter-Mutualistic Ecotourism Re-development
through Biodiversity Architecture to Preserve and Develop Histo-Cultural Identity and Natural Ecosystem of Sicogon Island in the
Province of Ilo-ilo
34

Background of The Study

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A climate adaptive, Self-Sustaining Inter-Mutualistic Ecotourism Re-development Through Biodiversity Architecture to Preserve and Develop

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

result in contamination of some part of the island.

a hard time to get back to their old phase.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

existing resources and its climatic condition “

ecotourism but also to preserve the natural ecosystem of the area

local community promoting active interaction

economic capability in term of development

 Conduct a physical observation on the island

ecosystem on the area and if it can be used as an ecotourism while preserving it

did they take to adapt to it.

 Conduct an interview on the provincial tourism office

The limitations of this research are as follows:

5. The study of the island’s wildlife will not be tackled.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PROVINCIAL TOURISM OFFICE

PROVINCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

integrity of our ecosystem.

but it doesn’t have to be that way.

2. CLIMATE ADAPTIVE DESIGN / ARCHITCTURE

 Perform a site analysis

 Layout the building on the site

 Plan with the sun in mind

 Building for geographic area

 Minimize building footprint

 Design for natural ventilation

 Relax the occupants comfort standards

 Conduct modelling and analysis

 Perform multiple iterations

of Dream Decor, and the blogger behind Bright Bazaar.

no matter where you call home.

based conservation of these resources.

8. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION

opportunity to have an economic return and support from tourism industry.

developing and utilizing new properties that will be established.

chemicals and biological actions.

8. ENERGY GENERATING DESIGN

at the rooftop and indoor spaces.

10. BEHAVIOR O F TOURISTS AND COMMUNITY IN TOURISM

(Jurowski, Uysal, and Williams, 1997)

proper knowledge how they can maintain it.

 William Graham (March 31, 2019) The Architecture of Biodiversity http://www.freshvista.com/2019/natures-

Action Plans – LBSAPs. Tokyo: UNU-IAS

Biodiversity Sensitive Urban Design https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12411

 Essays, UK. (November 2018). The Importance of Heritage Conservation.

 Stephen R. Kellert Dimensions, Elements, and Attributes of Biophilic Design

Case Study of Hua-Hin Prachubkirikhan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

Tourism Development https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0047287511410350?journalCode=jtrb

Behavior Response to Climate Change and Tourist Experiences in Nature-Based Tourism

through their Interaction with the Host Community

System Using Speed Breaker for Bangladesh

 Penn State (November 9, 2018) Making Wind Farms More Efficient

Hotels–Towards Sustainable Tourism https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229043885_Energy-

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

Topic Tactics Target respondents Target data Tools

Social Interview  Local residents  Interaction of tourist and local  Recorder

 Private resort residents.  Notebook

interaction Observation  Tourist  Activities of the tourist  Questionnaires

Survey  The current situation of the local

Economic Interview  FESIFFA/local  The local community’s economic  Recorder