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2. Q. What are included in the internal waters of the Philippines?
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4. Q. Where does sovereignty reside in, and where does government authority emanate from?
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6. Q. Who protects the sovereignty of the Philippines and the integrity of its national territory?
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7. Q. What is the basic autonomous social institution protected and strengthened by the State?
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8. Q. From what period does the state protect the life of an unborn child?
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9. Q. Which constitutional right guarantees that a person cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property arbitrarily?
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10. Q. Which constitutional right protects a person against illegal search of his person, house, paper, and effects?
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11. Q. Who may issue a search warrant or a warrant of arrest?
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13. Q. What happens to evidence obtained in violation of a person's right to privacy of communication and
correspondence?
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15. Q. What needs to be paid in order to allow the taking of private property for a public purpose by the government?
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17. Q. What are the grounds for impairing the right to travel?
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18. Q. Which constitutional right prohibits a person from being compelled to be a witness against himself?
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19. Q. Which constitutional right prohibits a person from being punished twice for the same offense?
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20. Q. Who are citizens of the Philippines?
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28. Q.How many percent shall the party-list representatives constitute in the House of Representatives?
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A. The House of Representatives shall have no more than 250 members. 20% of the total number of all representatives
shall be party-list representatives.
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30. Q. How long is the term of office of a member of the House of Representatives?
A. 3 years.
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31. Q. How many consecutive terms may a member of the House of Representatives serve?
A. 3 consecutive terms.
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34. Q Who is the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of senators?
A. Senate Electoral Tribunal.
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35. Q. Who is the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the members of the
House of Representatives?
A. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.
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36. Q. What are the privileges enjoyed by the members of Congress?
A. The privileges enjoyed by the members of Congress are:
1) privilege of speech and debate (cannot be questioned or held liable for speech or debate in Congress or in any of its
committees); and
2) privilege from arrest (cannot be arrested while Congress is in session for offenses punishable by not more than 6
years imprisonment).
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38. Q. Who has the sole power to declare the existence of a state of war?
A. Congress. The vote of 2/3 of both Houses of Congress, in joint session but voting separately, is needed to declare the
existence of a state of war.
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39. Q. How many votes by the members of Congress are needed to pass a law granting a tax exemption?
A. Majority of all the members of Congress.
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40. Q. What is the term used for the power of the people to directly propose and enact laws?
A. Initiative.
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41. Q. What is the term used for the power of the people to approve or reject laws?
A. Referendum.
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43. Q. What are the qualifications of the President and Vice President of the
Philippines?
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A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens;
2) must be registered voters;
3) must be able to read and write;
4) must be at least 40 years old on the day of the election; and
5) must be Philippine residents for at least 10 years prior to the election.
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44. Q. How long is the term of office of the President and Vice President?
A. 6 years.
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46. Q. How many successive terms may the Vice President serve?
A. 2 terms.
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47. Q. Who canvasses the votes for the President and Vice President?
A. Congress.
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48. Q. In case the 2 presidential candidates with the highest number of votes received exactly the same number of
votes, how will the winner be decided? A. By the vote of the majority of the members of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, voting separately.
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49. Q. Who shall be the sole judge of all contests involving the election, returns, and qualifications of the President and
Vice President?
A. Supreme Court en banc.
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50. Q. Who will serve as acting president if the president and vice president were both not chosen, not qualified, died, or
become permanently disabled?
A. The Senate President, and if he is unable, the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
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51. Q. May the President or Acting President extend permanent appointments to executive positions two months prior
to the next election?
A. No. Two months prior to the next election and until the end of his term, the President may only extend temporary
appointments to executive positions when continued vacancies will prejudice public service or public safety.
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52. Q. Who has control over all executive departments, bureaus, and offices?
A. President.
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54. Q. What is the procedure for the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus and/or the proclamation of
martial law?
A. The procedure is as follows:
1) In case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires, the President may suspend the privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus or place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law for a maximum period of 60 days.
2) Within 48 hours from the said act, the President shall submit a report to Congress.
3) Congress, by at least a majority vote of all members voting jointly, may revoke the suspension of the privilege of the
writ of habeas corpus or the proclamation of martial law.
4) If Congress makes a revocation, the same cannot be set aside by the President.
5) Congress may extend the period of suspension or proclamation upon the initiative of the
President.
6) Upon the filing of the proceeding by any citizen, the Supreme Court may review the sufficiency of the factual basis for
the suspension or proclamation, and must issue a decision within 30 days from the said filing.
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58. Q.Who exercises administrative supervision over the courts and its personnel?
A. Supreme Court.
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61. Q. Who appoints the Supreme Court justices and the judges of the lower courts? A. The President, from a list of at
least 3 nominees for each vacancy by the Judicial and Bar Council. The appointment does not require confirmation.
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62. Q. What is the age of retirement for justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the lower courts?
A. 70 years old or until they become incapacitated to discharge their official duties.
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63. Q. Who has the power to discipline and/or order the dismissal of the judges of the lower courts?
A. Supreme Court en banc. A majority vote of the members who took part and voted in the deliberations is required to
order a dismissal.
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67. Q. What are the qualifications of the Chairman and Commissioners of the Civil
Service Commission?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens;
2) at least 35 years old at the time of appointment;
3) with proven capacity for public administration; and
4) must not have been candidates in the immediately preceding election.
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68. Q. Who appoints the Chairman and Commissioners of the Civil Service
Commission?
A. The President, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments.
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69. Q. How long is the term of office of the Chairman and Commissioners of the Civil
Service Commission?
A. 7 years without reappointment.
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72. Q. Which constitutional body is tasked to enforce and administer all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of
an election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, and recall?
A. Commission on Elections.
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74. Q. What are the qualifications of the Chairman and Commissioners of the
Commission on Elections?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens;
2) at least 35 years old at the time of appointment;
3) must be college graduates;
4) must not have been candidates in the immediately preceding election; and
5) majority must be members of the Philippine bar engaged in the practice of law for at least 10 years.
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76. Q. How long is the term of office of the Chairman and Commissioners of the
Commission on Elections?
A. 7 years without reappointment.
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78. Q. Which constitutional body has the power to examine, audit, and settle all accounts pertaining to the funds and
properties of the government?
A. Commission on Audit.
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80. Q. What are the qualifications of the Chairman and Commissioners of the
Commission on Audit?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens;
2) must be at least 35 years old at the time of appointment;
3) must be certified public accountants with at least 10 years of auditing experience or members of the Philippine bar
engaged in the practice of law for at least 10 years;
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4) must not have been candidates in the immediately preceding election; and
5) members must not all belong to the same profession.
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81. Q. Who appoints the Chairman and Commissioners of the Commission on Audit?
A. The President, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments.
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82. Q. How long is the term of office of the Chairman and Commissioners of the
Commission on Audit?
A. 7 years without reappointment.
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83. Q. What are the territorial and political subdivisions of the Philippines?
A. The territorial and political subdivisions are: provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays.
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85. Q. Who exercises general supervision over the local governments and the autonomous regions?
A. President.
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88. Q. How many consecutive terms may an elective local official serve?
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A. 3 consecutive terms.
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93. Q. Who has the power to investigate the acts and omissions of public officials, employees, offices, and agencies?
A. Office of the Ombudsman.
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96. Q. What is the term of office of the Ombudsman and his Deputies?
A. 7 years without reappointment.
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97. Q. Who owns the lands of the public domain and natural resources?
A. The State.
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98. Q. What are the classifications of the lands of the public domain?
A. The classifications are:
1) agricultural;
2) forest or timber;
3) mineral lands; and
4) national parks.
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99. Q. Who may be granted a franchise, certificate, or authorization to operate a public utility, and for how long?
A. Filipino citizens, or corporations or associations organized under Philippine laws with at least 60% of capital owned by
Filipino citizens. The franchise, certificate, or authorization shall not be exclusive and shall not be longer than 50 years.
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102. Q. What are the qualifications of the Chairman and Members of the Commission on Human Rights?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens; and
2) majority of the members must be members of the Philippine bar.
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104. Q. What are the official languages of the Philippines?
A. Filipino and English.
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105. Q. What is an inviolable institution which is the foundation of the family and is protected by the state?
A. Marriage.
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107. Q. How long is the tour of duty of the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces?
A. The tour of duty cannot exceed 3 years. It may be extended by the President in times of war or national emergency.
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112. Q. How is a constitutional convention called?
A. A constitutional convention may be called:
1) By the vote of 2/3 of all the members of Congress;
2) By a majority vote of the members of Congress, the question of calling a convention may be submitted to the
electorate.
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Ethical Standards
114. Q. What arises when a public official is a board member, officer, or substantial stockholder of a private
corporation, or owner, or has a substantial interest in a business, and the interest of such corporation or business, or his
rights or duties therein, may be opposed or affected by the faithful performance of his official duty? A. Conflict of
interest.
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115. Q. What is the term used for the transfer of title or disposal of interest in property by voluntarily, completely, and
actually depriving oneself of his right or title in favor of a person other than his spouse and relatives?
A. Divestment.
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116. Q. What are the norms of conduct which must be observed by public officials and employees in the performance of
their official duties?
A. The norms of conduct are:
1) commitment to public interest;
2) professionalism;
3) justness and sincerity;
4) political neutrality;
5) responsiveness to the public;
6) nationalism and patriotism;
7) commitment to democracy;
8) simple living.
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117. Q. Which norm of conduct requires public officials and employees to uphold public interest over and above private
interest?
A. Commitment to public interest.
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118. Q. Which norm of conduct requires public officials and employees to perform and discharge duties with the highest
degree of excellence, professionalism,
intelligence, and skill, and to enter public service with utmost devotion and dedication to duty?
A. Professionalism.
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119. Q. Which norm of conduct requires public officials and employees to remain true to the people, to be just and
sincere, to not discriminate, to respect others, and to not extend undue favors to relatives?
A. Justness and sincerity.
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120. Q. Which norm of conduct requires public officials and employees to provide service to everyone without unfair
discrimination and regardless of party affiliation or preference?
A. Political neutrality.
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121. Q. Which norm of conduct requires public officials and employees to extend prompt, courteous, and adequate
service to the public?
A. Responsiveness to the public.
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122. Q. Which norm of conduct requires public officials and employees to be loyal to the Republic and to the Filipino
people, to promote the use of local goods, and to maintain and defend Philippine sovereignty against foreign intrusion?
A. Nationalism and patriotism.
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123. Q. Which norm of conduct requires public officials and employees to commit themselves to a democratic way of
life and values, to maintain public accountability, and to manifest by deeds the supremacy of civilian over military
authority?
A. Commitment to democracy.
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124. Q. Which norm of conduct requires public officials and employees to lead modest lives, and to not indulge in
extravagant and ostentatious display of wealth? A. Simple living.
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126. Q. Who may sign documents and papers in the absence of duly authorized signatories?
A. The official next-in-rank or the officer in charge shall sign for and on behalf of the duly authorized signatories.
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127. Q. What are the prohibited acts and transactions for public officials and employees?
A. The prohibited acts and transactions are:
1) Having a financial or material interest in a transaction requiring approval of their office;
2) Having outside employment and other related activities such as:
a) owning, controlling, managing, or accepting an employment unless expressly allowed by law;
b) engaging in the private practice of profession unless authorized by the Constitution or by law, and provided that such
practice will not conflict or tend to conflict with official functions;
c) recommending a person to any position in a private enterprise which has a regular or pending official transaction
with their office;
Note: The above prohibitions apply for 1 year after separation from public office. In the private practice of profession,
the person cannot practice his profession in connection with any matter before the office he used to be with for the
same 1 year period.
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128. Q. What is considered "a gift" under R.A. 6713, and how is "receiving a gift" defined by the said law?
A. "A gift":
1) may be a thing or a right to dispose of gratuitously;
2) may be any act or liberality;
3) made by one person in favor of another who accepts it;
4) includes a simulated sale or an ostensibly onerous disposition.
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130. Q. May public officials and employees receive gifts or grants from foreign governments?
A. Yes. The Congress consents to:
1) gift of nominal value tendered and received as a souvenir or mark of courtesy;
2) gift in the nature of scholarship, fellowship grant, or medical treatment; and
3) travel grants or expenses for travel entirely out of the Philippines of more than nominal value if acceptance is
appropriate or consistent with the country's interest and permitted by the head of office, branch, or agency to which
the public official or employee belongs.
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131. Q. What are the required statements and disclosures from a public official or employee?
A. The required statements and disclosures are:
1) declaration under oath of assets, liabilities, and net worth;
2) disclosure of financial and business interests;
3) of the public official or employee and of the spouse and of unmarried children under 18 years old living in the
household.
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132. Q. Who are not required to file the above statements and disclosures?
A. Public officials and employees who serve in an honorary capacity, laborers, casual or temporary workers are not
required to file the above statements and disclosures.
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A. By resigning from his position in a private business within 30 days from assumption of office and/or by divesting
himself of his shareholdings or interest within 60 days from such assumption.
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