INDIAN INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES

SUBJECT : FAMILY LAW-III

TOPIC: “ QURAN FOUNDATION OF MUSLIM LAW”
SUPERVISED BY : Miss Pema Bhutia ASST. PROF OF FAMILY LAW II
NAME : SEHNAZ KHATOON
ROLL NO: “08”
COURES : BBA.LLB
SEMESTER: 4th
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Miss Pema Bhutia who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic (“ QURAN
FOUNDATION OF MUSLIM LAW”), which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came
to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly ,I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.

Date………………………… Sehnaz khatoon.

 TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter- 1 Introduction 1

Chapter- 2 Muslims 2

Chapter- 3 Origin of Muslim law 3

Chapter- 4 Main sources of 4

Muslim law

Chapter- 5 Quran 5

Chapter- 6 History of Quran 6

Chapter-7 Significance Of Quran

Conclusion
 SYNOPSIS ON
“ QURAN FOUNDATION OF MUSLIM LAW”

INTRODUCTION: Sharia, an Arabic word meaning "the right path," refers to traditional
Islamic law. The Sharia comes from the Koran, the sacred book of Islam, which Muslims
consider the actual word of God. The Sharia also stems from the Prophet Muhammad's
teachings and interpretations of those teachings by certain Muslim legal scholars. Muslims
believe that Allah (God) revealed his true will to Muhammad, who then passed on Allah's
commands to humans in the Koran.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Once can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on
a specific topic. The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the
application of scientific procedures.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

The main aim and objective of the study is to know the various sources of Islamic law under
which we study about Quran as a source of Muslim law that what are the various laws are made
with the help of Quran.

CONCLUSION: The Holy Qur’an is not the product of the Holy Prophet’s speculation and
thinking. Rather every word of the book is the word of God, which was communicated to the
Prophet through the process of revelation. Communicated to the Holy Prophet not as mere
inspiration but as recitation and clear guidance in plain Arabic Language. Descended upon the
heart of ‘heart’ of the Prophet not metaphorically but literally - namely in the form of language
known by the people who subsequently transcribed it under the guidance of the Prophet
himself.

CHAPTER: 1
 INTRODUCTION

Sharia, an Arabic word meaning "the right path," refers to traditional Islamic law. The Sharia
comes from the Koran, the sacred book of Islam, which Muslims consider the actual word of
God. The Sharia also stems from the Prophet Muhammad's teachings and interpretations of
those teachings by certain Muslim legal scholars. Muslims believe that Allah (God) revealed his
true will to Muhammad, who then passed on Allah's commands to humans in the Koran. Since
the Sharia originated with Allah, Muslims consider it sacred. Between the seventh century
when Muhammad died and the 10th century, many Islamic legal scholars attempted to
interpret the Sharia and to adapt it to the expanding Muslim Empire. The classic Sharia of the
10th century represented an important part of Islam's golden age. From that time, the Sharia
has continued to be reinterpreted and adapted to changing circumstances and new issues. In
the modern era, the influences of Western colonialism generated efforts to codify it.

CHAPTER:2
MUSLIM’S
Muslims are people who have professed belief in Islam. As believers, they worship the One God
and revere Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him ,as the last messenger of God.
Additionally, they also believe in all the prophets which preceded Prophet Muhammad and the
holy books which they brought, such as the Psalms, Torah, and the Gospel. A fundamental
article of faith in Islam is belief in the Day of Judgement, when all humanity will be
recompensed for their deeds in this world. Muslims believe in angels, as well as in
predestination.
Muslims around the World
After Prophet Muhammad, the very first Muslims were people from his own circle of family and
friends as well as the poor and needy in Mecca more than 1400 years ago. During the life of
Muhammad, this small band of followers grew by tens of thousands. As centuries passed,
Muslims have only grown in number. Today, Muslims account for about one quarter of the
entire world population.
There are between 1.2 and 1.6 billion Muslims across the world. Most of the Muslims are
concentrated in Muslim-majority countries, such as Azerbaijan and Albania in Europe, Mali and
Tunisia in Africa, Saudi Arabia and Jordan in the Middle East, Pakistan and Bangladesh in
southeast Asia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan in central Asia, and Indonesia and Malaysia in Asia
Pacific

CHAPTER: 3

Origins of Islamic Law

The Koran sets down basic standards of human conduct, but does not provide a detailed law
code. Only a few verses deal with legal matters. During his lifetime, Muhammad helped clarify
the law by interpreting provisions in the Koran and acting as a judge in legal cases. Thus, Islamic
law, the Sharia, became an integral part of the Muslim religion. Following Muhammad's death
in A.D. 632, companions of Muhammad ruled Arabia for about 30 years. These political-
religious rulers, called caliphs, continued to develop Islamic law with their own
pronouncements and decisions. Islamic law grew along with the expanding Muslim Empire. The
Umayyad dynasty caliphs, who took control of the empire in 661, extended Islam into India,
Northwest Africa, and Spain. The Umayyads appointed Islamic judges, kadis, to decide cases
involving Muslims. (Non-Muslims kept their own legal system.) Knowledgeable about the Koran
and the teachings of Muhammad, kadis decided cases in all areas of the law. Following a period
of revolts and civil war, the Umayyads were overthrown in 750 and replaced by the Abbasid
dynasty. During the 500-year rule of the Abbasids, the Sharia reached its full development.
Under their absolute rule, the Abbasids transferred substantial areas of criminal law from
the kadis to the government. The kadis continued to handle cases involving religious, family,
property, and commercial law. By around the year 900, the classic Sharia had taken shape.
Islamic specialists in the law assembled handbooks for judges to use in making their decisions.
The following sections illustrate some basic features of Islamic law as it was traditionally
applied.
Family Law: Cases involving violations of some religious duties, lawsuits over property and
business disputes, and family law all came before the kadis. Most of these cases would be
considered civil law matters in Western courts today. Criminal Law: The classic Sharia identified
the most serious crimes as those mentioned in the Koran. These were considered sins against
Allah and carried mandatory punishments.
 CHAPTER: 4
QURAN
The Quran literally meaning "the recitation"; also Romanised Qur'an or Koranis the
central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God or Allah. It is
widely regarded as the finest work The Quran is divided into chapters.
Muslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Prophet, Muhammad,
through the archangel Gabriel (Jibril) incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning
on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his
death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important miracle, a proof of his
prophethood,and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed
to Adam and ending with Muhammad. The word "Quran" occurs some 70 times in the Quran's
text, and other names and words are also said to refer to the Quran.
According to tradition, several of Muhammad's companions served as scribes and recorded the
revelations. Quran Shortly after his death, the Quran was compiled by the companions, who
had written down or memorized parts of it. The codices showed differences that motivated
Caliph ’Uthman to establish a standard version, now known as Uthman's codex, which is
generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today. There are, however, variant
readings, with mostly minor differences in meaning.
The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in the Biblical scriptures. It
summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts
and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance for mankind . It
sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the
moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence. Hadith are additional oral and
written traditions supplementing the Quran; from careful authentication they are believed to
describe words and actions of Muhammad, and in some traditions also those closest to him. In
most denominations of Islam, the Quran is used together with hadith to
interpret sharia (Islamic) law; in a small number of denominations, only the Quran is used as a
source, an approach called Quranism. During prayers, the Quran is recited only in Arabic.
Someone who has memorized the entire Quran is called a hafiz. Quranic verse (ayah) is
sometimes recited with a special kind of elocution reserved for this purpose, called tajwid.
During the month of Ramadan, Muslims typically complete the recitation of the whole Quran
during tarawih prayers. In order to extrapolate the meaning of a particular Quranic verse, most
Muslims rely on exegesis, or tafsir.
 CHAPTER: 5
History of Quran
Islamic tradition relates that Muhammad received his first revelation in the Cave of Hira during
one of his isolated retreats to the mountains. Thereafter, he received revelations over a period
of 23 years. According to hadith and Muslim history, after Muhammad immigrated to
Medina and formed an independent Muslim community, he ordered many of
his companions to recite the Quran and to learn and teach the laws, which were revealed daily.
It is related that some of the Quraysh who were taken prisoners at the Battle of Badr regained
their freedom after they had taught some of the Muslims the simple writing of the time. Thus a
group of Muslims gradually became literate. As it was initially spoken, the Quran was recorded
on tablets, bones, and the wide, flat ends of date palm fronds. Most suras were in use amongst
early Muslims since they are mentioned in numerous sayings by both Sunni and Shia sources,
relating Muhammad's use of the Quran as a call to Islam, the making of prayer and the manner
of recitation. However, the Quran did not exist in book form at the time of Muhammad's death
in 632. There is agreement among scholars that Muhammad himself did not write down the
revelation.
The Quran describes Muhammad as "ummi”, which is traditionally interpreted as "illiterate,"
but the meaning is rather more complex. Medieval commentators such as Al-Tabari maintained
that the term induced two meanings: first, the inability to read or write in general; second, the
inexperience or ignorance of the previous books or scriptures (but they gave priority to the first
meaning). Muhammad's illiteracy was taken as a sign of the genuineness of his prophethood.
For example, according to Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, if Muhammad had mastered writing and reading
he possibly would have been suspected of having studied the books of the ancestors. Some
scholars such as Watt prefer the second meaning of "ummi"—they take it to indicate
unfamiliarity with earlier sacred texts.
The final verse of the Quran was revealed on the 18th of the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah in
the year 10 A.H., a date that roughly corresponds to February or March 632. The verse was
revealed after the Prophet finished delivering his sermon at Ghadir Khumm.
 CHAPTER: 6
Significance Of Quran in Islam
Muslims believe that Quran is the Book of Allah uncovered to PBUH (Prophet Muhammad) that
will proceed positively till fulfilment of the world to guide and direct the entire humanity,
independent of country, land mass, nation, era, and region. It is not simply a wellspring of
identification and direction for the follower additionally benevolence changing. This conviction
requested that Muslims should create a dynamic association with it, consider over its verses,
interpret it, got the light of its preaching, a conclusion it genuinely and ought to have satisfied
the obligations set on them through this book. However, the instance of Muslims is unusual.
They don’t even feel the need of perusing this book with perception. They are pleased only by
reading it and trusting in. In the result, their connection with Quran has truly been laid up. The
focal region of crucial should have been holding by this book and the Sunnah (customs) of the
prophet for Muslims is carried by various identities and their books or that they have actually
wound up being free to take after their own choice. This situation is not such that we could
basically ignore it. Briefly, yet there is a need to analyse, the reason and dispose of the
inabilities to think straight concerning this.
Generally, individuals believe that the Quran is in Arabic and they don’t know Arabic, it is not
required for them to understand the sense and meaning of the Quran. This reason would have
been satisfactory if there were no resources available for comprehension its definition and
message. Though, what does this reason describe when each kind of asset to appreciate its
importance and message is promptly accessible? In modern times guidance is normal and the
new routines for printing have really given enormous assets to distribution and diffusion of
learning, thus far, as the Quran is concerned its interpretation is quickly accessible in loads of,
and discourse in a very couple of, dialects of the world. At that point, what stays away from us
to exploit them?
Nowadays everybody must do an effort to make up a great career and future; a college peruses
a number of books, studies them inside and out and commits a worthy piece of his life for
receiving information. How extreme is his undertaking! Everyone is ready to face these issue for
common advantages, yet, to deal the upsides of the hereafter none deals with the exploration
of the Quran. By taking in the jargon of Quran or its explanation, the ability to comprehend the
Book of Allah can be created and when Quran is presented in the Salat, its implications can be
observed and its sweet taste can enhance the worship.
When a person receives a letter from his dear ones in a language not known to him, makes
another person read it keeping in mind the purpose to appreciate it. Likewise, he couldn’t care
less to understand the message conveyed by the Allah for his slaves
 Conclusion

The Holy Qur’an is not the product of the Holy Prophet’s speculation and thinking. Rather every
word of the book is the word of God, which was communicated to the Prophet through the
process of revelation. Communicated to the Holy Prophet not as mere inspiration but as
recitation and clear guidance in plain Arabic Language. Descended upon the heart of ‘heart’ of
the Prophet not metaphorically but literally - namely in the form of language known by the
people who subsequently transcribed it under the guidance of the Prophet himself.

Being the revealed word of Allah, Qur’an imparts knowledge which is immune from all
possibilities of doubt and every form of discrepancy. It is the substantiation of Truth and
guidance that leads humanity from darkness towards the light. It is an embodiment of mercy
and glad tidings from God to those who follow it faithfully, and a criterion which distinguishes
clearly the right from the wrong. It emphasises that all unbiased persons dedicated to
knowledge are bound to uphold its truth at the time of its revelation and to attest it in later age
as the horizons of human knowledge expand further and further.

However, biased persons tried to doubt the authenticity of the Qur’an being the word of God
and attested it to various misgivings. But they failed to prove their false claims, and the Qur’an
stood high in all ages as the bearer of Divine Light unaffected by the whims of the mischief-
mongers. A truth-seeker always bowed down his head in front of the afore-mentioned
evidences which unequivocally prove the authenticity of the Qur’an as the word of God, the
Almighty
 Bibliography

Website:
https://www.whyislam.org/islam/who-are-muslims/
https://www.allaboutreligion.org/origin-of-islam.htm
https://www.crf-usa.org/america-responds-to-terrorism/the-origins-of-islamic-
law.html
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Quran

BOOK REFFER:
1. AQIL AHAMED
2. Dr. S.R. MAYNENI