FRED+

Workshop
Bogota
Welcome &
introduction
 CORSIA
2.5b 2019
Binding standards
tonnes of CO2 will Carbon Offsetting and Reduction
be mitigated apply since Scheme for International Aviation
by 2035 1 January 2019
In addition to reducing emissions,
many offset projects bring social,

$40b
environmental or economic benefits
relevant to sustainable development.

will be generated
in climate finance
by 2035
MRV
CO2 emissions from international flights need to
be reported annually
International standards apply since 1 January
2019
Which activities are covered by
CORSIA?
Domestic flights

International flights
Domestic vs international flights
 Solely based on origin and
destination of flight segment

 Nationality of operator not taken

into account
Domestic vs international flights

Each flight segment considered individually

Ex: Flight from NRT to JFK, with technical stop in ANC
 NRT (Japan) to ANC (USA)
 ANC (USA) to JFK (USA)
Which activities are covered by
CORSIA?

Non-civil international flights

Civil international flights

Civil vs non-civil flights
Civil flights include:
✓Scheduled flights
✓Non-scheduled flights
✓Cargo
✓Business aviation
✓General aviation

But not:
Heads of State flights
Military
Customs and police
Which activities are covered by
CORSIA?

All helicopters + aeroplanes with MTOM ≤ 5,700kg

Civil international flights

with aeroplanes with MTOM > 5,700 kg
Aeroplanes NOT subject to CORSIA

Helicopters (aeroplanes = fixed wings)

MTOM ≤ 5,700 kg (e.g. DHC-6 Twin Otter, Cessna C208)
Which activities are covered by
CORSIA?

Humanitarian, firefighting and medical flights

Civil international flights

with aeroplanes with MTOM > 5,700 kg
except humanitarian, firefighting and medical
Which activities are covered by
CORSIA?

Civil international flights

with aeroplanes with MTOM > 5,700 kg
except humanitarian, firefighting and medical

If operator’s annual CO2 > 10,000 tonnes

How much are 10,000 tCO2?

 1 daily return 1000 km flight with

a narrow body aircraft (eg.
A320/B738)
Which activities are covered by
CORSIA?

Civil international flights

with aeroplanes with MTOM > 5,700 kg
except humanitarian, firefighting and medical

Subject to CORSIA MRV requirements

Introduction
• Facilitate reporting of data.
• Reduce administrative burden.
• Reduce costs.
• Provide level playing field.
• Promote standardization.
• Ensure data integrity and quality.
• Maintain confidentiality and data security.
User Groups
• Aeroplane Operators
• Verifiers
• Administering Authorities
Aeroplane Operators Overview

Validation
Data Input Report Engine Verifier Review
& Analysis

• Flexibility • User-defined • Step-by-step • Data vault access

• System validation validation workflow • Document
• Error management • Analytical tools • Output compliant management
• Efficiency with ICAO SARPs • Verification
• Handling of
exemptions benchmarking • Report auto- Statement &
• Historical trends check Report
State User Overview

Automated
Analytics &
Oversight Order of
Dashboards
Magnitude Check

• Secure document repository • Assess each VER submitted • Interactive Map

with access to all submitted
documentation (including
superseded versions), with
change logs.
• Full overview of each
operator’s reporting status in
each cycle.
through automated and Dashboard
standardized process as
prescribed in ICAO ETM – • Historical Emissions
developed by states for states. Performance
• Log comments & communicate
with operators.
Latest Developments (v3)
• CERT Block Hour Input
• API Connection & JSON Format
• Updated Emissions Report Format
• Automated Order of Magnitude Check
• New Knowledge Base
• General quality of life improvements
based on user feedback (v2)
• Etc.
MRV Timeline
 MRV timeline
►1 January to 31 December: operators monitor emissions from international flights
► By 31 May/30 April*: deadline for operators to submit their verified emissions report to their administrating authority
► By 31 August/31 July*: the administrating authority performs an order of magnitude check of the emissions reports

Monitoring Verification State review

Monitoring Verification State review

Monitoring Verif. State review

* For the first 2 reporting cycles (2019 & 2020), the verification process Monitoring V
has to be completed within 5 months.
From 2021, the verification process has to be completed within 4
months
MRV timeline

Monitoring Verification State review

Monitoring Verification State review

Monitoring Verif. State review

Monitoring of emissions Monitoring V

• Collection of CO2 data for all international flights
(except state flights and technical exemptions)
• In accordance with approved emissions monitoring plan
• Data and information compiled in an annual emissions report
The 10,000 tonnes threshold
In 2019, operator remained below 10k tCO2: it has no MRV obligations

►In September 2020, its annual emissions pass 10k tCO2

►It becomes subject to CORSIA MRV from 1 January 2021

►An EMP shall be submitted within three months of passing the threshold

18,000 tCO2 An operator close to the threshold should engage with its administrating authority
16,000 tCO2
14,000 tCO2
12,000 tCO2
10,000 tCO2
8,000 tCO2
6,000 tCO2
4,000 tCO2
2,000 tCO2
0 tCO2
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
MRV timeline

Monitoring Verification State review

Monitoring Verification State review

Monitoring Verif. State review

Verification Monitoring V
• Objective is to ensure accuracy of emissions report and compliance with MRV
standards and approved emissions monitoring plan
• Performed by an independent third party verification body accredited for CORSIA

It is recommended that operators conduct an internal audit prior to the verification

MRV timeline

Monitoring Verification State review

Monitoring Verification State review

Monitoring Verif. State review

Order of magnitude review Monitoring V

• Objective is to ensure emissions report is complete, in compliance with
MRV standards and data is plausible
• Not as detailed as verification
• State reports aggregated data to ICAO
Reporting

Overview
ICAO Template Emissions Report
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Name • Alpha Airlines
IDENTIFICATION • Address • 33 rte de l’Aéroport, etc…
BASIC • Contact persons • Ms Meyer (CORSIA focal point)
INFORMATION
• Legal representative • Ms Chappuis (CEO)
AEROPLANE FLEET • Attribution
• Verification body
FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Name
IDENTIFICATION • Address
BASIC • Contact persons
INFORMATION
• Legal representative
AEROPLANE FLEET • Attribution
ICAO Designator and/or
FUEL DENSITY Registration mark, or XAA123
Aeroplane owner
FUEL AND CO2
• Verification body
DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Name
IDENTIFICATION • Address
BASIC • Contact persons
INFORMATION
• Legal representative
AEROPLANE FLEET • Attribution
• Verification body • SwissVerif
FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Reporting year
IDENTIFICATION Reporting year • 2019
BASIC End of reporting period • 31 December 2019
INFORMATION • Date of issue and version
AEROPLANE FLEET • Emissions monitoring plan
• Simplified monitoring
FUEL DENSITY • Fuel allocation with block
hours
FUEL AND CO2
DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Reporting year
IDENTIFICATION • Date of issue and version • 15 April 2020, v 1.0
BASIC • Emissions monitoring plan
INFORMATION
• Simplified monitoring
AEROPLANE FLEET • Fuel allocation with block
hours
FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Reporting year
IDENTIFICATION • Date of issue and version
BASIC • Emissions monitoring plan
INFORMATION
Date of approval 15 February 2018
AEROPLANE FLEET Date of validity 1 January 2019
Last update 1 February 2018
Any other approved EMP
FUEL DENSITY Not applicable
used?
Not applicable
FUEL AND CO2 Previous EMP
DATA • Simplified monitoring
• Fuel allocation with block
DATA GAPS
hours
CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Reporting year 2019-2020
IDENTIFICATION Are total emissions < 500,000 tCO2
• Date of issue and version
BASIC • Emissions monitoring plan 2021-2035
INFORMATION Are total emissions from flights subject
• Simplified monitoring
to OR < 50,000 tCO2?
AEROPLANE FLEET Fuel use monitoring method
and/or Are flights subject or not to OR?
FUEL DENSITY CERT
• Fuel allocation with block
FUEL AND CO2 hours
DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
Simplified monitoring
In 2019-2020, operator is not eligible as total emissions are above 500k tCO2

In 2021-2023, operator is eligible for all flights as flights subject to OR account for less than 50k
tCO2

In 2024, operator passes above threshold. As it remains above in 2025, it will need to submit a
new EMP by 30 Sept 2026 and monitor actual fuel use from 1 Jan 2027.
700 tCO2

600 tCO2

500 tCO2

400 tCO2

300 tCO2

200 tCO2

100 tCO2

0 tCO2
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027

► All international fights

► Flights subject to offsetting requirements ► Flights not subject to offsetting requirements
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Reporting year 1 AFBR per aircraft type, per year
IDENTIFICATION • Date of issue and version
AFBR updated each year
BASIC • Emissions monitoring plan E.g. AFBRs in 2020 report shall be based
INFORMATION on block time and fuel uplifts in 2020 only
• Simplified monitoring
AEROPLANE FLEET • Fuel allocation with block Ex:
hours A320: 2.421 tons per hour (in 2020)
AFBR per aircraft type A359: 5.643 tons per hour (in 2020)
FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Type designators
IDENTIFICATION ICAO alphanumeric identifier
BASIC • Registration marks
INFORMATION
• Owned or leased
AEROPLANE FLEET • Fuel used

FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Type designators Annex 16, volume IV provides that where
IDENTIFICATION the identifier is based on an ICAO
• Registration marks Designator, only the ICAO Designator
BASIC • Owned or leased needs to be reported (Appendix 5, table
INFORMATION A5-1)
• Fuel used
AEROPLANE FLEET

FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Type designators
IDENTIFICATION • Registration marks
BASIC • Owned or leased
INFORMATION
• Fuel used
AEROPLANE FLEET

FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR • Type designators
IDENTIFICATION • Registration marks
BASIC • Owned or leased
INFORMATION
• Fuel used
AEROPLANE FLEET Jet-A
Jet-A1
FUEL DENSITY Jet-B
AvGas
FUEL AND CO2 or equivalent fuels
DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR
IDENTIFICATION

BASIC
INFORMATION

AEROPLANE FLEET
Standard

FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2 Yes

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR
IDENTIFICATION

BASIC
INFORMATION

AEROPLANE FLEET

FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR
IDENTIFICATION

BASIC
INFORMATION

AEROPLANE FLEET

FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR
IDENTIFICATION

BASIC
INFORMATION

AEROPLANE FLEET

FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR
IDENTIFICATION
Primary source
/OUT 1609/FOB 62180/BRD /UNT LITERS /TYP A
BASIC ACARS
INFORMATION

AEROPLANE FLEET

FUEL DENSITY

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR
IDENTIFICATION
Primary source
/OUT 1609/FOB 0000/BRD /UNT LITERS /TYP A
BASIC ACARS
INFORMATION

NO
AEROPLANE FLEET

Secondary source
FUEL DENSITY Flight log

FUEL AND CO2

DATA

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR
IDENTIFICATION
Primary source
/OUT 1609/FOB 0000/BRD /UNT LITERS /TYP A
BASIC ACARS
INFORMATION

NO
AEROPLANE FLEET

Secondary source
FUEL DENSITY Flight log

FUEL AND CO2

DATA
YES

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE NO DATA GAP

FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR
IDENTIFICATION
Primary source
/OUT 1609/FOB 0000/BRD /UNT LITERS /TYP A
BASIC ACARS
INFORMATION

NO
AEROPLANE FLEET

Secondary source
FUEL DENSITY Flight log
+ coffee
FUEL AND CO2
DATA
NO

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE DATA GAP

FUELS
REPORTING > EMISSIONS REPORT
OPERATOR
IDENTIFICATION All (intl) Flights Flights % of data
BASIC flights subject to with data gaps
INFORMATION OR gaps
2019 1000 n/a 47 4.7% CERT
AEROPLANE FLEET
2020 1000 n/a 53 5.3%
AUTHORITY
FUEL DENSITY
2021 1000 100 flights 4 flights 4% CERT
subject to OR subject to OR
FUEL AND CO2
DATA 2022 1000 100 flights 6 flights 6%
subject to OR subject to OR
AUTHORITY

DATA GAPS

CORSIA ELIGIBLE
FUELS
Coffee Break!
Verification

Requirements
VERIFICATION > REQUIREMENTS
Emissions report
SCOPE
• Emissions from international flights subject to CORSIA MRV
Includes flights not subject to offsetting requirements
OBJECTIVE
Does not include flights exempt from MRV: domestic, state flights,
LEVEL OF humanitarian, firefighting, MTOM < 5700 kg
ASSURANCE • CORSIA eligible fuels claims

MATERIALITY Emissions unit cancellation report

• Emissions units cancelled to meet offsetting requirements
VERIFICATION
STANDARDS
This workshop concentrates on the emissions report and does not cover
ENGAGING A the verification of the emissions unit cancellation report
VERIFIER
VERIFICATION > REQUIREMENTS
Emissions report is accurate, supported by sufficient evidence and in
SCOPE
accordance with EMP

OBJECTIVE • Materially fair and an accurate representation

LEVEL OF • Supported by sufficient and appropriate evidence
ASSURANCE • In accordance with the applicable standards and the approved emissions
monitoring plan
MATERIALITY • All flights included, in accordance with the correct method of flight
attribution
VERIFICATION
STANDARDS • CORSIA eligible fuels have not been claimed under any other schemes

ENGAGING A
VERIFIER
VERIFICATION > REQUIREMENTS
Degree of assurance required, and determines the depth of detail of the
SCOPE
verification

OBJECTIVE Reasonable level of assurance (required for CORSIA)

LEVEL OF
• Report is materially correct and a fair representation of the emissions
ASSURANCE data and information, and
• Is prepared in accordance with the applicable standards
MATERIALITY
Limited level of assurance (insufficient for CORSIA)
VERIFICATION
There is no evidence that the GHG assertion is not materially correct and a
STANDARDS
fair representation of the emissions data and information and has not been
ENGAGING A prepared in accordance with the applicable standards
VERIFIER
VERIFICATION > REQUIREMENTS
Concept is used to identify information that, if omitted or misstated, would
SCOPE
significantly misrepresent the operator’s emissions assertion.

OBJECTIVE Materiality threshold

LEVEL OF
• If annual CO2 (all intl flights) > 500,000 tCO2, threshold is 2%
ASSURANCE • If annual CO2 (all intl flights) ≤ 500,000 tCO2, threshold is 5%
• Assessed on the basis of aggregated emissions reported
MATERIALITY
Qualitative assessment
VERIFICATION • Non-conformities or misstatements that do not lead to the materiality
STANDARDS
threshold being exceeded can also influence the verification’s
ENGAGING A conclusions
VERIFIER
Materiality: threshold
EMISSIONS REPORT VERIFIER EMISSIONS REPORT VERIFIER

State-pair Monitoring Emissions Estimated State-pair Monitoring Emissions Estimated

method (in tCO2) emissions method (in tCO2) emissions
CH-CA Block-off/block-on 50,312 48,438 CH-CA Block-off/block-on 49,312 48,438
CA-CH Block-off/block-on 46,412 48,438 CA-CH Block-off/block-on 46,412 48,438
CH-US Block-off/block-on 52,312 50,719 CH-US Block-off/block-on 51,312 50,719
US-CH Block-off/block-on 48,321 50,719 US-CH Block-off/block-on 45,321 50,719
CH-CN Block-off/block-on 76,312 76,213 CH-CN Block-off/block-on 74,312 76,213
CN-CH Block-off/block-on 77,312 76,213 CN-CH Block-off/block-on 76,312 76,213
CH-TH Block-off/block-on 74,312 74,067
TH-CH Block-off/block-on 74,412 74,067
CH-MX Block-off/block-on 79,321 76,642
MX-CH Block-off/block-on 74,231 76,642
Total 653,257 652,158 Total 342,981 350,740

Materiality level: Materiality level:

(653,257-652,158)/653,257= 0.17% (342,981 – 350,740)/342,981 = -2.26%
Materiality: threshold
EMISSIONS REPORT VERIFIER EMISSIONS REPORT VERIFIER

State-pair Monitoring Emissions Estimated State-pair Monitoring Emissions Estimated

method (in tCO2) emissions method (in tCO2) emissions
CH-CA Block-off/block-on 49,312 48,438 CH-CA Block-off/block-on 49,312 48,438
CA-CH Block-off/block-on 46,412 48,438 CA-CH Block-off/block-on 43,412 48,438
CH-US Block-off/block-on 51,312 50,719 CH-US Block-off/block-on 50,312 50,719
US-CH Block-off/block-on 45,321 50,719 US-CH Block-off/block-on 48,321 50,719
CH-CN Block-off/block-on 74,312 76,213 CH-CN Block-off/block-on 74,312 76,213
CN-CH Block-off/block-on 76,312 76,213 CN-CH Block-off/block-on 76,312 76,213
CH-TH Block-off/block-on 72,312 74,067
TH-CH Block-off/block-on 74,412 74,067
CH-MX Block-off/block-on 79,321 76,642
MX-CH Block-off/block-on 70,231 76,642
Total 342,981 350,740 Total 638,257 652,158

Materiality level: Materiality level:

(342,981 – 350,740)/342,981 = -2.26% (638,257-652,158) / 652,158 = -2.18%
Materiality: qualitative assessment
EMISSIONS REPORT VERIFIER

State-pair Monitoring Emissions Estimated

method (in tCO2) emissions
CH-CA Block-off/block-on 50,312 48,438
CA-CH Block-off/block-on 46,412 48,438
CH-US Method A 52,312 50,719
US-CH Fuel uplift 48,321 50,719
CH-CN Block-off/block-on 76,312 76,213
CN-CH Block-off/block-on 77,312 76,213
CH-TH Fuel uplift 74,312 74,067
TH-CH Method B 74,412 74,067
CH-MX Block-off/block-on 79,321 76,642
MX-CH Block-off/block-on 74,231 76,642
Total 602,945 603,720

Materiality level:
(602,945 – 603,720)/602,945 = -0.13%
VERIFICATION > REQUIREMENTS
ISO 14064:3
SCOPE
• Specifications for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas
assertions
OBJECTIVE
ISO 14065
LEVEL OF • Requirements for verification bodies
ASSURANCE
ICAO Annex 16, vol. IV and Environment Technical Manual, vol. IV
MATERIALITY
• The verification standards for an operator are defined by the national
implementation of Annex 16, vol. IV
VERIFICATION
STANDARDS • Operator should ensure that the verifier has adequate knowledge of
national requirements
ENGAGING A
VERIFIER
VERIFICATION > REQUIREMENTS
Verification body
SCOPE
• Independent, free from bias and conflict of interest
Cannot be an entity related to the operator (or another operator)
OBJECTIVE
After 6 verifications for the same operator, the leader of the verification team
LEVEL OF must take a 3-year break
ASSURANCE • Specific accreditation for CORSIA
Operators should exercise due diligence and check accreditation
MATERIALITY
Verifier can be accredited by any State
VERIFICATION
STANDARDS

ENGAGING A
VERIFIER
CORSIA Accreditation
To be accredited for CORSIA, third party verification bodies must demonstrate:

• general technical processes in the field of civil aviation;

• aviation fuels and their characteristics, including sustainable aviation fuel;

• fuel related processes including flight planning and fuel calculation;

• relevant aviation sector trends or situations that may impact the CO2 emissions estimate;

• CO2 emissions quantification methodologies as outlined in Annex 16, Volume IV;

• fuel use monitoring and measurement devices and procedures;

• GHG information and data management systems and controls;

• aviation related IT systems such as flight planning software or operational management systems; and

• knowledge of approved CORSIA Sustainability Certification Schemes for SAF

Verification bodies
ICAO publishes the information received from
ICAO member states on verification bodies
It is however important to note that:
- The list may not include all verification
bodies
- Some verification bodies on the list may not
be accredited for CORSIA
VERIFICATION > REQUIREMENTS
Contractual clauses
SCOPE
• Scope, objectives, level of assurance, materiality and standards
OBJECTIVE • Amount of time required for verification
• Access to documentation, personnel, premises
LEVEL OF Verifier and operator should identify data sources and access needs in
ASSURANCE advance
Verifier will have access to confidential information and operator should
MATERIALITY include confidentiality clauses in the contract

VERIFICATION
• Requirement to accept audit as witness audit by NAB assessor
STANDARDS • Authorization to release the reports
ENGAGING A • Other clauses: liability, fees, dispute settlement, force majeure, etc.
VERIFIER
Order of
magnitude
check
Order of magnitude check

Administrating authority is to perform a number of

checks to ensure the information in the report is
plausible and complete.
• Mandatory
• Carried out by administrating authority
Order of magnitude check
For example:
❑ Are the documents submitted complete?
❑ Does the verification report contain indications to follow up on?
❑ Has the right emissions report template been used?
❑ Are there any deviation from the approved EMP?
❑ Is the amount of reported CO2 emissions and fuel consumption plausible?
❑ Is the number of flights plausible?
❑ Have data gaps been closed?
❑ Does the verification body have a valid accreditation?
❑ …
Order of magnitude check: sources
State will need to identify the best available source of information to
crosscheck information

CERT Secondary sources

• Can support checks
• Depending on number and
complexity of operators, tailored
analytical solutions may be needed
Data sharing between States
• Upon agreement
• Specific data
• Limited to operators from
requesting state
• Operations data collected for air
traffic control (ATC) purposes;
• Regional traffic databases;
• Public flight schedule information;
• Public flight tracking data; and
• Fleet information contained in the
AOC
Thank you!
www.iata.org/CORSIA
corsia@iata.org

www.iata.org/FRED
fred@iata.org