Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 4

Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 9, No.

3, September 2019 7

Thermal Behaviour Study of Heat Exchanger with


Heat Pipes Using CuO Nano Fluid
P. Raveendiran, B. Chandramohan and V. Vinoth Kumar

Abstract--- In this analysis, the experimental work was done


C. Greek Letters
to determined the thermal behavior of heat pipe based heat-
exchanger using nano fluid. CuO nano fluid is consider as ∈ - effectiveness, %
thermal liquid in the heat pipe. Effectiveness – NTU method ψ - inclination angle, deg.
of thermal analysis was adopted to find out the working nature
of heat pipe heat exchanger. The investigation has been I. INTRODUCTION
carried out in terms of length, diameter, working fluid of heat
pipe as fixed parameters and mass flow rate of water, inlet
temperature of hot water to the shell side of heat exchanger,
H IGH heat transfer with low temperature difference is
achieved by heat pipe from source to sink without any
additional power. Heat pipe having evaporator, adiabatic and
angle of inclination to the condenser section of heat pipe as condenser section. It provides separate path for high capacity
variable parameters. fluid and low capacity fluid, low weight, high results at output,
In this present study, three number of heat pipe has been no moving things and no additional energy given by Dunn and
used. The CuO nano fluid shows the better performance. The Reay [1]. It consists of sealed vacuum pipe with wick material
mass flow rate of cold water to the condenser section of heat for capillary action to enhance the thermal performance an
pipe has been altered in the ratio of 1:1, 1:1.15, 1:2, 1:2.5 and small quantity of thermal liquid is charged inside the heat
1:3 as that of evaporator section. The effect of gravity pipe. To improve the output of heat pipe many parameters
assistance to the cold side of the heat exchanger with respect such as, nano fluid, frication, pumping pressure, charging
to effectiveness also evaluate. Many experimental work has ratio, inclination angle [2-5]. Chaudourne [6] Krishman and
been carried out under different operating conditions and the Rao [7] have found out the relation for effectiveness with
optimum effectiveness of heat exchanger with heat pipe has single and n rows of heat pipe heat exchanger. The
been obtained when, CuO nano fluid is used as working fluid experimental and theoretical work on air-to-air thermosyphon
than D.I water and better results from experimental work was with more number of mass flow rate and water temperature at
obtained when C h =2C c and at 100 LPH the inlet was given by Noie [8]. Nowadays, nano fluid was
tried in heat pipe as thermal fluid. Nano fluids are latest
Keywords--- Heat Pipe, Inclination Angle, ∈- NTU, CuO thermal fluid that having 1% or less of particle, fibers or tubes
Nano Fluid. with length of 1-50 nm [9-12]. Heat pipe with gravitational
A. Abbreviations effect to keep the liquid against stress factor in opposite
A - Area, 𝑚𝑚2 motion, given by Busse et al., Rice et al. [13-14]. Nano sized
CuO - Copper oxide particles namely nano fluid was used first by Choi in Argonne
LPH - Litre perhour National Laboratory, USA [15]. The Merits of nano fluid is to
NTU - Number of Heat Transfer units improve the heat transformer with enhancing thermal terms
compared to base fluid. Thermal conductivity nature increased
T - Temperature, °C
by shape of particles, size and its concentration [16]. Some
HPHX- Heat pipe heat exchanger
researchers concluded that the thermal performance
B. Subscripts enhancement by reducing thermal resistance. Kang [17]
in - inlet concluded, improvement in heat transfer with Ag and Au nano
h - hot fluid fluid. Based on the above brief review, it has been proposed to
c - cold fluid design a HPHX to evaluate the heat transfer behavior of heat
ci - cold fluid inlet exchanger with different inclination to condenser section of
hi - hot fluid inlet heat pipe along with CuO nano fluid as thermal liquid in heat
o - outer pipe. The ∈- NTU thermal analysis was used to find out the
i - inner effectiveness of HPHX. Three heat pipes have been arranged
in opposite position to each other and variable parameters
influencing on thermal output of heat exchanger against
P. Raveendiran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical inclination angle in condenser section of heat pipe. Table 1
Engineering Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu. gives details about heat pipe and its thermal fluid.
E-mail: praveendiran@gmail.com
B. Chandramohan, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu. II. HEAT PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER (HPHX)
V. Vinoth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical
To investigate the thermal behavior, the present
Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu.
DOI:10.9756/BIJIEMS.9031 experimental set-up was designed and erected. Fig. 1 shows

ISSN 2277-5056 | © 2019 Bonfring


Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2019 8

the schematic diagram of HPHX. It consists of three number individual. 40 litres capacity water tank included 2 kW
of heat pipes, electrical heater with water pump, four number capacity immersion heaters with temperature monitor has been
of thermocouples, temperature digital unit. The flow of hot used to heat the flowing fluid of the shell side of heat
and cold water has been regulated by two rotameter exchanger.

Fig. 1: Experimental setup of gravity-assisted heat pipe heat exchanger


The temperature of both hot and cold water has been trail of operations the effectiveness of heat exchanger can be
measured with a digital temperature indicator. Four numbers evaluated by using the following derived equation.
of RTD have been provided to measure the temperature of hot 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
and cold water. The heat-pipes were charged with CuO nano ∈= → (1)
fluid which has been used as working fluid. 𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑖 − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

Table 1: Details of heat pipe, wick material, with fluid and III. RESULTS AND OPINION
Inclination angle
The finding out of the present work having the following
Sl. variable parameters
Description Materials Size Number
No.
1. D o -19 mm 3 Variable Parameters
D i -17 mm Rate of mass of hot water at the inlet: 20 lph – 100 lph
Heat pipe Copper Rate of mass of cold water at the inlet (𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ) : 10 lph – 50 lph
L = 1000
mm Temperature of hot water at the inlet : 50°C – 70 °C
2. Condenser GI D = 35 mm 3 Inclination angle (ψ) : 15°– 60°
3. Stainless Mesh no. 2 layer
Wick In order the determine the thermal behavior of HPHX,
steel 2000
many number of experimental trails were done. In all set of
4. CuO nano - - operations, the rate of mass of hot water is constant and cold
Thermal fluid
fluid water has been varied as 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5 and 1:3.
5. Inclination 15°, 30°, -
-
angle 45°& 60°
Condenser section of heat exchanger along with shell has
been kept inclined so that the gravitational effect has its
impact on heat pipes. Initially the inclination angle has been
set at 15 and then it has been changed to 30° 45° and 60° to
investigate its effect on different operating condition by
considering various parameters to analyze the thermal
performance.
In the first trial, kept the inlet temperature of hot water
constantly and analyze the performance of HPHX by varying
the mass flow rate of hot water. Then in the second trial of
experimental operation, kept the mass flow rate of hot water
constantly and influence of inlet temperature of hot water over
it. Using different inclination angle, in both first and second Fig. 2

ISSN 2277-5056 | © 2019 Bonfring


Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2019 9

Fig. 3
Fig. 6
The effectiveness versus mass flow rate of hot water to the
shell side of heat exchanger for different inclination angle
shown in Fig. 2 – 6. The heat pipe inclination varied between
0° to 60°. In all set of operating conditions the heat capacity
ratio as C c /C h =0.5. It is observed that enhancement of
effectiveness with rise of mass flow rate of hot water and
minimum vale was obtained at equal mass flow of hot and
cold water. So in order to obtained maximum value of
effectiveness, it is clear to avoid equal mass flow rate of hot
and cold water to the heat exchanger and maximum value of
effectiveness has been obtained at 100 LPH in all operating
conditions.

Fig. 4

Fig. 7
Fig. 7 shows, the effectiveness of heat exchanger versus
inclination angle of heat exchanger for different values of inlet
temperature of hot water. It is noticed that at 45° inclination,
Fig. 5 the maximum value of effectiveness was obtained in all trials.

ISSN 2277-5056 | © 2019 Bonfring


Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2019 10

[9] S.W. Kang, “Experimental Investigation of Silver Nano-Fluid on Heat


Pipe Thermal Performance”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 26, Pp.
2377-2382, 2006.
[10] S.H. Rhi, “A Two-Phase Loop Thermosyphons with Nanofluids”, In
Proceedings 13th International Heat Pipe Conference, Shangai, China,
Pp. 247-251, 2004.
[11] S.M. You, J.H. Kim and K.H. Kim, “Effect of Nano-Particles on Critical
Heat Flux of Water in Pool Boiling Heat Transfer”, Applied Physics
Letters, Vol. 83, No. 16, Pp. 3374-3376, 2003.
[12] P. Vassallo, R. Kumar and S. Amico, “Pool Boiling Heat Transfer
Experiments in Silica– Water Nano- Fluids”, International Journal of
Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, No. 2, Pp. 407-411, 2004.
[13] C.A. Busse and J.E. Kemme, “Dry-out phenomena in gravity-assisted
heat pipes with capillary flow”, Int, J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 23, Pp.
643-654, 1980.
[14] G. Rice and E. Azad, “Dkynamic characteristics of heat pipes”,
Proceedings of 2n d Int. Heat Pipe conf., Bologna, Italy, ESA, The
Netherlands, Pp. 153-164, 1976.
[15] S.U.S. Choi, X.W, Wang, “Thermal Conductivity of Nano-Particle-Fluid
Mixture”, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 13, No. 4,
Pp. 474-480, 1999.
[16] Y. Xuan and Q. Li, “Heat Transfer Enhancement of Nano-Fluids”,
Fig. 8 International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 21, No. 1, Pp. 58-64,
2000.
The effectiveness versus inlet temperature of hot water for [17] S.W. Kang, “Experimental Investigation of Nanofluids on Sintered Heat
different values of inclination angle is shown in Fig. 8. It is Pipe Thermal Performance”, Appl. Therm. Eng., Vol. 29, No. 5-6,
found that at 100 LPH and 45° inclination the thermal Pp. 973-979, 2009.
behavior of heat exchanger is maximum.

IV. CONCLUSION
The present work concluded that the CuO nano fluid used
as thermal fluid in all heat pipes, the overall thermal
characteristics of heat exchanger is increased. It is found that
nano fluid improves the effectiveness of heat exchanger.
In all set of trail runs, maximum effectiveness has been
obtained at higher value of mass flow rate of hot water to the
heat exchanger.
It has been concluded that the peak value of effectiveness
has been achieved at m hi = 100 LPH, T hi =60°Χ ανδ Ψ=45°,
when CuO nano fluid has been implemented as thermal fluid
in heat pipe of heat exchanger.

REFERENCES
[1] P.D. Dunn, D.A. Reay, “Heat pipes”, Third ed., Pergamon Press, 1994.
[2] Y. Lee and A. Bedrossian, “The Characteristics of Heat Exchangers
using Heat Pipes or Thermosyphone”, International Journal of Heat and
Mass Transfer, Vol. 21, No. 2, Pp. 221-229, 1978.
[3] J.C. Jang, S.H. Rhi, C.G. Lee, “Heat Transfer Characteristics on
Torodial Convection Loop with Nanofluids”, KSME Journal B, Vol. 33,
No. 4, Pp. 235-241, 2009.
[4] C.Y. Tsai, “Effect of Structural Character of Gold Nanoparticles in
Nanofluid on Heat Pipe Thermal performance”, Material Letters, Vol.
58, No. 9, Pp. 235-241, 2009.
[5] W.C. Wei, “Effect of Nano-Fluid on Heat Pipe Thermal Performance”,
Proceedings, 3rd IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Heat
Transfer, Thermal Engineering and Environment, Corfu Island, Greece,
Pp. 115-117, 2005.
[6] K.N. Krishman and K.S. Rao, “Analysis and design of a heat pipe heat
exchanger”, Proc. 5th Int. Heat Pipe Conf., Tsukuba Science City, Japan,
Pp. 152-156, 1984.
[7] S. Chaudrone, “Modelization and optimization of heat pipe heat
exchangers”, Proc. 5th Int. Heat Pipe Conf., Tsukuba Science City,
Japan, Pp.53-58, 1984.
[8] H. Noie, “Investigation of thermal performance of an air-to-air
thermosyphon heat exchanger using ∈ −NTU method”, Applied
Thermal Engineering, Vol. 26, Pp. 559-567, 2006.

ISSN 2277-5056 | © 2019 Bonfring

Вам также может понравиться