GUIDELINES

FOR THE PREPARATION OF U.G THESIS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PUDUCHERRY - 605107

THE ARRANGEMENT OF U.G THESIS

1. Cover Page (Sample attached)

2. Inside cover page (same as outer cover page)

3. Certificate (Sample attached)

4. Acknowledgement (should not exceed 2 pages / Follow the protocol enclosed)

5. Abstract (should not exceed 2 pages (600 words) (should be of justification, work carried out,
scheme of project report, significant finding). It should also contain a sub title ‘Key words’
with 5 – 6 important words used to identify the project (sample attached)

6. Table of content (sample attached)

7. List of Figure (sample attached)

8. List of Tables (sample attached)

9. Glossary / Abbreviation (if any)

10. Notations (if any)

11. Chapters

Chapter 1 – General Introduction

Chapter 2 – Literature review

Chapter 3 – Experimental Work /Methodology of Project work

12. References. (Sample attached)

Note: Prepare only 1 copy to the each guide(s) +1 copy for the batch.
 GENERAL GUIDELINES
1. PAPER :

Use A4 (210mm x 297mm) bond unruled paper (80 gsm) for all copies submitted. Use one side
of the paper only for all printed matter.

2. NUMBERING:

Pages

 Every page in the report, except the project tile page must be accounted for.

 The page numbering, starting from the acknowledgement and till the beginning of the
introductory chapter should be printed in small roman numbers. (i , ii, iii, iv, v, vi, ........)

 The page number of the first page of each chapter should not be printed (but must be
accounted for). All page numbers from the second page of each chapter should be printed
using Arabic numerals (2, 3. 4, 5, ......)

 All printed page numbers should be located at the bottom centre of the page, 17mm (2/3’’)
from the bottom edge.

Chapters

 Use only Arabic numerals. Chapter numbering should be centered on the top of the page
using large bold print.

CHAPTER 1

Sections

 Use only Arabic numerals with one decimal. Section numbering should be left justified
using bold print (eg) 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.

Subsections

 Use only Arabic numerals with two decimal. Sub section numbering should be left justified
using bold print (eg) 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, etc.

a) Further subdivisions should be numbers as 1.1.1.1, 1.1.1.2, 1.1.1.3 etc.

Equations / Formulae

 Use only Arabic numerals with one decimal.

Format : (<Chapter number>.<serial number>) , (eg) (1.1)

  Equation / Formulae numbers should be right justified. Mathematical symbols should be
printed in italics.

𝑛𝑥 𝑛(𝑛−1)𝑥 2
(1 + 𝑥)𝑛 = 1 + + +⋯ (1.1)
1! 2!

References

 Use only Arabic numerals. Serially numbered. Alphabetical order of surname or last name
of the first author.
3. TEXT

Colour : Black Font

 CHAPTER & HEADINGS - Book Antiqua 14 pts. Style: Bold + centre.

 SECTION HEADINGS - Book Antiqua 13 pts Style: Bold + Align Left.

 Subsection Heading - Book Antiqua 12 pts Style: Bold + Align left. Leading capital. i.e.

Only first latter in each word to be in capital letter.

 Regular text - Book Antiqua 12 pts. Style: Normal + Justify.

4. SPACING

 Use 2 spacing between the lines in regular test. (Format>Paragraph>intent and spacing>
Line Spacing: Double )

 Use 6 pt spacing between paras (Format>Paragraph>Spacing>Before:6pt>After:6pt )

 All paragraphs in the project work should be justified completely from the first line to
last line.

 For Chapter title and first line of the chapter: Provide 18pt spacing in between (Format >
Paragraph > Spacing > Before:18pt > After:18pt )

 For Section Headings: provide 18pt spacing (Format > Paragraph > Spacing > Before:18pt >
After:18pt )

 For sub section headings: Provide 12pt spacing. (Format > Paragraph > Spacing >
Before:12pt > After:12pt )

 For Fig Titles and Table titles: Provide 12 pt spacing. (Format > Paragraph > Spacing >
Before:12pt > After:12pt )
  For reference: Provide single line space in the references text and 12 pt spacing between
the between the references. (Format > Paragraph > Spacing > Before:12pt > After:12pt )

5. MARGINS

 Margins for the regular test are as follows

LEFT : 31.7 mm (1.25”), RIGHT : 25.4 mm (1”), TOP : 25.4 mm (1”), BOTTOM : 17mm

(0.67”).

6. TABLES

 All tables should follow immediately after they are referred first time in the text and
centered to the page.

 Splitting of paragraphs for including tables on a page should be avoided.

 Provide three spaces on the top and bottom of all tables to separate tem from the regular
text, wherever applicable.

 The title of the table should be on the top of the table and should be centred with respect
to the table. The titles must be in the same font as regular text and should be single spaced.

 Table title format: Table<blank><chapter number><serial number><blank><table title>

(eg.) Table 4.1 Monotonic strain controlled triaxial shear test results

 Whenever table exceeds one page, in the following page provide the table number and
state (Eg.) : Table 4.1 (Contd.)

7. FIGURES

 All figures, drawings and graphs should be in black with sharp lines and adequate contrast
between plots if more than one plot is present in the same graph.

 All figures / drawings/graphs should follow immediately after they are referred first time
in the text centered to the page.

 Splitting of paragraphs for including figures / drawings/graphs on a page should be

avoided.
 Provide three spaces on the top and bottom of all figures / drawings/graphs to separate
them from the regular text, wherever applicable.

 The title of the figures / drawings/graphs should be on the bottom of the Figures /
drawings/graphs and should be centred with respect to the figures / drawings/graphs.
The titles must be in the same font as regular text , bold, and should be single spaced.

 Figures / drawings/graphs title format: Fig.<blank><chapter number><serial

number><blank><Fig title> (eg.) Fig 4.1 Monotonic strain controlled triaxial shear test
results.

 Use photos only if necessary. Remember that the report may have to be photocopied. In
case colour photos are used all the copies of the report must contain only colour photos.

 Photos should be printed or photo copied (colour Xeroxed) only on glossy paper not on
boards.

 Photos shall be number as figures.

 Drawings which are larger that A4 size are not encouraged. If large drawings are
absolutely necessary suitably folded to A4 size in the report.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i

ABSTRACT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

NOTATIONS xvii
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Concrete 1
1.2 Replacements in Concrete 3
1.3 Present Study 4

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Study on Replacement of Fine Aggregate 8
2.3 Study Marine and M-sand 15
2.4 Study on Geopolimer Fly Ash Sand 25
2.5 Summary 35

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 38
3.2 Process of GFS making 39
3.3 Properties 44
3.3.1 Specific Gravity of GFS 45
3.3.2 Particle size Analysis 47
3.3.3 Chemical Analysis 49
3.4 Hardened Properties 50
3.4.1 Compressive Strength 51
3.4.2 Split Tensile Strength 51

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
Title Page
2.1 Relationship between shear strength and effective normal stress at failure 10
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

3.1 Physical properties of the soil 46

3.2 Chemical properties of the soil 47

ABSTRACT

In this research, M-25 grade concrete was produced from geopolymer fly ash sand (GFS)

manufactured using fly ash and an alkaline activator solution as an alternative material to the natural

river sand (NRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Key words: Natural River (NRS) sand, Geopolymer Fly ash Sand (GFS), Alkaline Activator,

Hardened Properties, etc.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The following protocol should be strictly followed:

(1) Guide (s) (2) Project Coordinator (3) HOD (4) Principal (5) Other faculty / Officials (7) others.

REFERENCE

Example for Reference (Order shall be alphabetical)

1. U.S. Agrawal, S.P. Wanjari, D.N. Naresh (2019) Characteristic study of geopolymer fly ash
sand as a replacement to natural river sand, Constr. Build. Mater. 150

2. A.L. Fraay, J.M. Bijen, Y.M. de Haan, (1989) The reaction of fly ash in concrete a critical
examination, Cem. Concr. Res. 19 (2) 235–246.

3. Indian Standards 1963 ‘‘Method of Test for aggregate for concrete-Estimation of Deleterious
Materials and Organic Impurities”, IS 2386 (Part-II) New Delhi, India 1963

4. T. Xie, T. Ozbakkaloglu (2015) Behavior of low-calcium fl y and bottom ash-based

geopolymer concrete cured at ambient temperature, Ceram. Int. 41 (4) 5945–5958.
 CHAPTER 1

GENERAL INTRODUTION

1.1 CONCRETE

Concrete is a construction material composed of cement, fine aggregates (sand) and

coarse aggregates mixed with water which hardens with time. Portland cement is the commonly

used type of cement for production of concrete. Concrete technology deals with study of properties

of concrete and its practical applications……………….

1.2 REPLACEMENTS IN CONCRETE

The increasing demand of the river sand especially in the developing countries like

India are leading to several environmental problems such as lowering of the water table, destroying

flora & fauna of river, soil erosion etc. To safeguard the river embankments, Indian Government had

passed an order directing the State governments to stop all sand quarrying and mining activities not

to open any sand quarries in the future and advising the constructors to use the crushed stone sand

as a replacement to the river sand. Many researchers have worked on crushed stone sand or quarry

dust as a replacement to natural river sand in the concrete. . . . . . . . .

1.1 PRESENT STUDY

 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 STUDY ON REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE

Agrawal, et.al (2019) in this paper manufacturing process of GFS sand and its

chemical and physical properties was compared to that of NRS……………………………

Table 3.2 Properties of the GFS

Properties Characteristics value

Specific Gravity 2.5
Water Absorption 0.5
Fineness Modulus 2.4
Sio2 60.85
CaO 3.25

Fig 4.1 Deviator stress - strain plot (Strain rate controlled test
 <TITLE OF THESIS>
(in single line spacing)

A THESIS

Submitted during Phase – I by

<NAME> <Reg. No>

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

of

PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

(College emblem size 3.5x4cm)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PUDUCHERRY

NOVEMBER <year>
 SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled <TITLE> is a bonafide record of work carried during Phase

– I by <NAME OF CANDIDATE> <Reg No.> in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING of Pondicherry

University. The contents of this thesis, has not been submitted for any other degree of this University.

<Name>
<DESIGNATION>
GUIDE(S) HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

SMVEC, Pondicherry

Date: (Date of submission)

Submitted for the University Examination held on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Date of University Exam)_ _ _ _

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER