INTRODUCTION

Energy is the primary force in the universe. Energy defines the Earth’s biomes and sustains life.
All life, from single-celled microbes to blue whales, exists in a continuous process of
consuming, using, and storing energy. Human communities work in the same way as other
communities with regard to energy management. Any community consumes fuel to produce
energy, but the community must also conserve some of the fuel for the next generation. This
conservation of energy sources from one generation to the next is the principle behind
sustainability, the process by which a system survives for a period of time. No system in
biology lasts forever, and this is also true for sustainability. Sustainability prolongs the time that
living things can survive, but it cannot ensure that life will go on forever. The Earth’s resources
can be called its natural capital. Capital is any asset that has value. Natural capital, meaning
things in Nonrenewable resources can be thought of as depleted when the energy needed to
extract them from the Earth costs more than the energy value of the resource itself. A person
can conserve $10,000 by getting a job and earning money to renew any funds spent each month.
In the same way, the Earth contains renewable resources that replenish over time: forest, plant,
wildlife, water, clean air, fresh soil and sunlight.

Renewable energy sources switching from fossil fuel burning for energy production to
renewable energy sources lowers the total amount of carbon released into the atmosphere as
CO2 gas. Six main types of renewable energies have been employed in industrialized places
for this purpose and are listed in below. Renewable technologies may be either modern
advance in energy generation or ancient technologies that some parts of the world continue to
use. Solar, water, and wind energy plus the burning of organic wastes together account for 7
percent of energy consumption in the United States and about 20 percent worldwide.

Fossil fuels and nuclear power supply the rest of the main types of renewable energy; only
biomass puts CO2 into the atmosphere. Burning biomass offers a good environmental choice
only if the rate of burning biomass does not exceed the rate of new plant growth on Earth. Put
another way, plants must be able to remove more CO2 from the atmosphere than burning puts
into the atmosphere. Many renewable energy sources do not produce usable energy directly,
and equipment must convert one type of energy into another form. For example, the energy
contained in wind turns a turbine, which powers a generator that makes electricity. Energy
contained in motion, such as wind or flowing water, is kinetic energy. Sometimes kinetic
energy helps convert one form to another, such as the wind turbine mentioned here, or kinetic
energy itself might be used.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Wind energy has been used since several years to power homes, sail boats, and pump water
from wells or heating and cooling homes and offices. Today with the ever increase in the
demand for fossil fuels and with the prices soaring all time high numerous resources have been
invested in the wind energy. While on one side it is renewable source of energy and cause less
air and water pollution, on the other hand it also disrupts the ecological balance as it poses
threat to wildlife. Also, Wind energy cannot be produced everywhere since you need strength
of wind to produce energy from it. Today less than 5% of total world energy demands are met
by wind energy and in the years to come this figure is going to be much higher. This covers the
topic of “How Wind Turbines Work” and basic understanding of the generation of electricity
throughout wind turbines.

Wind Turbines are rotating machines that can be used directly for grinding or can be used to
generate electricity from the kinetic power of the wind. They provide the clean and renewable
energy for us of both home and office. Wind Turbines are a great way to save money and make
the environment clean and green. Basically there are two types of wind generators, those with
vertical axis and those with horizontal axis. They can be used to generate electricity both
onshore and offshore. Wind Turbines can be combined to form clusters called “wind farms”
which are used by large companies to use that power as their backup. Apart from generating
electricity they can also be used for grain-grinding, water pumping, charging batteries.
 OBJECTIVE

1. Generation of electricity through moving trains, buses, cars and aeroplane.

2. Installation of wind turbine left and right side of the moving vehicles track.
3. Vertical axis wind turbine and horizontal axis wind turbine.
4. The process of producing electricity is the same in both the turbines.
5. The generator turns that rotational energy into electricity which is then stored in
batteries or transferred to home power grids or utility companies for use in the usual
way.
6. If you place an object like a rotor blade in the path of that wind, the wind will push on
it, transferring some of its own energy of motion to the blade. This is how a wind
turbine captures energy from the wind.
7. At its essence, generating electricity from the wind is all about transferring energy
from one medium to another.

Fig. No.1.1: Typical Train Model

 METHODOLOGY

WIND PRESSURE

COMPRESSED AIR

ROTATE TURBINE

GENERATE ELECTRICITY

Routing the Induced Wind in the Direction of the Wind Turbine If the wind is properly
directed towards the wind turbine blades, optimum electricity may be generated. The desired
direction of wind is obtained by a means for channeling wind, in the direction of the wind
turbine. Channeling of wind in a desired direction may be obtained by, at least one truncated
cone or pyramid shaped housing or a pair of planar members converging towards the blades of
the wind turbine. Aerodynamics is the science and study of the physical laws of the behavior
of objects in an air flow and the forces that are produced by air flows. The shape of the
aerodynamic profile is decisive for blade performance. Even minor alterations in the shape of
the profile can greatly alter the power curve and noise level.

Power Production: The kinetic energy of the wind is the source of the driving force of a wind
turbine. The power in the wind is proportional to:
-The area of windmill being swept by the wind.
-The air density - which varies with altitude.
- The cube of the wind speed.
The formula used for calculating the power in the wind is shown below: Power = (density of
air x swept area x velocity cubed)/2 P = ½. ρ. (A). (V)
P is power in watts (W). ρ is the air density in kilograms per cubic meter (Kg/m3). A is the
swept rotor area in square meters (m2). V is the wind speed in meters per second (m/s).
Fig. No. 1.2: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Fig. No. 1.3: Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Fig.No.1.4: Model of Train While Moving On Railways Track